Screen-printed electrode based electrochemical detector coupled with ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microvolume back-extraction for determination of mercury in water samples

A novel approach is presented, whereby gold nanostructured screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCnAuEs) are combined with in-situ ionic liquid formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (in-situ IL-DLLME) and microvolume back-extraction for the determination of mercury in water samples. In-situ IL-DLLME is based on a simple metathesis reaction between a water-miscible IL and a salt to form a water-immiscible IL into sample solution. Mercury complex with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate is extracted from sample solution into the water-immiscible IL formed in-situ. Then, an ultrasound-assisted procedure is employed to back-extract the mercury into 10 µL of a 4 M HCl aqueous solution, which is finally analyzed using SPCnAuEs. Sample preparation methodology was optimized using a multivariate optimization strategy. Under optimized conditions, a linear range between 0.5 and 10 µg L−1 was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 for six calibration points. The limit of detection obtained was 0.2 µg L−1, which is lower than the threshold value established by the Environmental Protection Agency and European Union (i.e., 2 µg L−1 and 1 µg L−1, respectively). The repeatability of the proposed method was evaluated at two different spiking levels (3 and 10 µg L−1) and a coefficient of variation of 13% was obtained in both cases. The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated in real-world water samples including tap water, bottled water, river water and industrial wastewater. Relative recoveries between 95% and 108% were obtained.

Gestión medioambiental y gestión de la calidad: sistema de evaluación y actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje

En este trabajo se persiguen dos objetivos principales. En primer lugar, se analiza el sistema de evaluación formativo utilizado en una asignatura de gestión medioambiental (“Implantación de sistemas de gestión ambiental en empresas y organizaciones turísticas”) y en otra de gestión de la calidad (“Implantación de sistemas de calidad en empresas y organizaciones turísticas”), ambas pertenecientes al Máster Universitario en Dirección y Planificación de Turismo de la Universidad de Alicante. En segundo lugar, se examina el grado de dificultad y utilidad de las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se desarrollan en estas asignaturas. Para ello, se indica información sobre los contenidos de estas asignaturas. Asimismo, se ha utilizado información recogida a través de un cuestionario al que han respondido los estudiantes de estas asignaturas. El motivo de analizar conjuntamente estas dos asignaturas es el gran número de similitudes y paralelismos que existen entre las mismas, en concreto su énfasis en las ideas de mejora continua y prevención, así como la existencia de requisitos comunes en las normas vinculadas (especialmente entre ISO 9001 e ISO 14001).

Enhancement of the Electrochemical Performance of SWCNT dispersed in a Silica Sol-gel Matrix by Reactive Insertion of a Conducting Polymer

The electroassisted encapsulation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes was performed into silica matrices (SWCNT@SiO2). This material was used as the host for the potentiostatic growth of polyaniline (PANI) to yield a hybrid nanocomposite electrode, which was then characterized by both electrochemical and imaging techniques. The electrochemical properties of the SWCNT@SiO2-PANI composite material were tested against inorganic (Fe3+/Fe2+) and organic (dopamine) redox probes. It was observed that the electron transfer constants for the electrochemical reactions increased significantly when a dispersion of either SWCNT or PANI was carried out inside of the SiO2 matrix. However, the best results were obtained when polyaniline was grown through the pores of the SWCNT@SiO2 material. The enhanced reversibility of the redox reactions was ascribed to the synergy between the two electrocatalytic components (SWCNTs and PANI) of the composite material.

Material docente electrónico como complemento a los recursos del aula

En el escenario actual, la disponibilidad de nuevas herramientas multimedia favorece la generación de materiales docentes con características diferenciales respecto a los tradicionalmente dispuestos. Las nuevas tecnologías y las redes sociales permiten la difusión de los contenidos, siendo mayor la aceptación por parte del alumnado cuanto más atractiva sea su presentación. Este fenómeno, bien diseñado y planteado puede resultar una herramienta útil como recurso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El diseño de material docente que utilice estos recursos multimedia puede suponer, si se utiliza bien, un aliciente añadido para el alumno, de forma que, además de fomentar su interés por la materia, se puede potenciar su aprendizaje. En este contexto resulta de especial interés el diseño de herramientas a utilizar como material en formato de audio, vídeo u otros recursos electrónicos que estimulen el trabajo autónomo del estudiante. Pese a la buena planificación y diseño, la disponibilidad y/o elaboración de material docente de buena calidad, especialmente en el mundo audiovisual e interactivo en el que nos encontramos, supone una barrera a solventar.

Daniel Rubio Sánchez y su época. Albacete 1910-1920

Monografía dedicada a la obra del arquitecto Daniel Rubio Sánchez en la ciudad de Albacete durante su desempeño en la misma como Arquitecto Municipal. El libro ordena su producción en "Obras notables que permanecen", "Obras notables desaparecidas", "Obras menores" y "Obras públicas". Aporta, además, un listado de todas sus obras por orden cronológico y un capítulo de sus actuaciones urbanísticas. El Museo Municipal de la Cuchillería, editor del libro, lo encargó por ser su sede, la casa de Joaquín Hortelano, una obra de este arquitecto.

Automatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm segmentation in MR images

Abdominal Aortic Aneurism is a disease related to a weakening in the aortic wall that can cause a break in the aorta and the death. The detection of an unusual dilatation of a section of the aorta is an indicative of this disease. However, it is difficult to diagnose because it is necessary image diagnosis using computed tomography or magnetic resonance. An automatic diagnosis system would allow to analyze abdominal magnetic resonance images and to warn doctors if any anomaly is detected. We focus our research in magnetic resonance images because of the absence of ionizing radiation. Although there are proposals to identify this disease in magnetic resonance images, they need an intervention from clinicians to be precise and some of them are computationally hard. In this paper we develop a novel approach to analyze magnetic resonance abdominal images and detect the lumen and the aortic wall. The method combines different algorithms in two stages to improve the detection and the segmentation so it can be applied to similar problems with other type of images or structures. In a first stage, we use a spatial fuzzy C-means algorithm with morphological image analysis to detect and segment the lumen; and subsequently, in a second stage, we apply a graph cut algorithm to segment the aortic wall. The obtained results in the analyzed images are pretty successful obtaining an average of 79% of overlapping between the automatic segmentation provided by our method and the aortic wall identified by a medical specialist. The main impact of the proposed method is that it works in a completely automatic way with a low computational cost, which is of great significance for any expert and intelligent system.