Pro-internationalisation policies and outward foreign direct investment

This thesis addresses the impacts of public policies on outward foreign direct investment, seeking to contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between pro-internationalisation policies and firm behaviour. Home country measures associated with these policies are explored in terms of use and awareness, as determinants of foreign direct investment, as drivers of policy objectives, in terms of perceived importance and impact in different scenarios of internationalisation. Using a comprehensive database of 441 Portuguese firms, being those that had participated at least in one of the 11 types of public support between 1994 and 2009. The empirical papers presented here reveal a moderating effect of firm capabilities and internationalisation conditions on policy objectives. In fact, firms’ resources and capabilities frame the awareness and use of home country support measures, the existence of public policy determinants of foreign direct investment, the decision to carry out more aggressive modes of entry and the choice of more demanding environments, the impact of policy objectives, and the perceived importance of incentives. In practical terms, the findings of this thesis points that firms’ resources and capabilities are negatively associated with the use of public support, contrasting with awareness, which is found to increase with firms’ resources and capabilities. This insight sheds light on a potential problem of incentives allocation. Our results support the established theorizing about the co-evolution of government and firms' policies, home country measures being found as determinants of foreign direct investment. It is also shown that prointernationalization policies reinforce the firms’ resources and capabilities, which seems to have a positive impact on international growth. An evaluation of public policy, from the foreign direct investor's lens, supports the argument that firms involved in more demanding projects tend to attribute more importance to public supports. Behind the specific and concrete contributions identified in each of the empirical papers, as a whole this thesis makes methodological contributions by introducing the evaluation of impacts of public policies to the field of international business through the firm perspective; these contributions are achieved by taking the pro-internationalisation policies of a small open economy to better understand the impacts of public policies, and by shedding light on co-evolution between resource and institutional-based views.

Planeamento do território: metodologias, actores e participação

O argumento que compagina esta investigação sustenta que, no contexto actual de crescente complexidade dos problemas territoriais e de densidade de actores com interesses contraditórios e conflituantes, o desenvolvimento de metodologias de planeamento territorial promotoras da participação dos actores pode ser particularmente útil, possibilitando a construção de compromissos entre actores, alinhando as suas motivações e mobilizando os seus meios, gerando novas formas de “acção colectiva” em torno dos objectivos de planeamento. Procurou-se, assim: i) perceber o que é território, objecto da actividade do planeamento; ii) estabelecer um conceito de planeamento do território; iii) produzir um quadro de referência sobre planeamento territorial, com particular enfoque para o papel dos actores e participação e iv) desenvolver uma análise crítica de um conjunto de experiências de planeamento territorial, à luz do anterior quadro de referência. Do ponto de vista empírico, ambicionava-se examinar um conjunto de experiências de planeamento territorial onde a participação dos actores tivesse sido particularmente relevante, em diferentes contextos quanto ao entendimento dos objectivos de planeamento e sua concretização, com a particularidade de em ambas ter havido um forte envolvimento do investigador num duplo papel: investigador/cidadão e investigador/promotor do planeamento do território. Durante o trajecto de investigação percorrido, revisitaram-se as principais referências sobre a problemática do planeamento do território e suas metodologias, com enfoque particular nos actores e formas de participação. Assume-se a conceptualização do planeamento do território como uma actividade desenvolvida por um promotor público de planeamento (Estado), o qual, num determinado contexto e em defesa do interesse colectivo, define objectivos para um determinado objecto de planeamento (território, temática e escala). Para os cumprir, mobiliza os meios e actores necessários, produzindo um quadro de referência e identificando as acções, os palcos e os métodos para os alcançar. Identificaram-se seis famílias de metodologias de planeamento do território. Discutiu-se o conceito de actor em planeamento e propôs-se uma tipologia de actores, consoante meios, motivações e palcos. Em seguida, produziu-se uma conceptualização e tipologia de formas de participação dos actores, que vai para além da tradicional participação dos cidadãos. Concluiu-se com a sugestão de princípios de orientação metodológica para o planeamento territorial e participação dos actores. Os dados da análise empírica efectuada permitiram concluir que o papel dos diferentes actores e a forma como foram tidos em conta os seus meios disponíveis e as suas motivações foram determinantes nos resultados alcançados nos dois contextos analisados. Num conjunto de experiências, o envolvimento dos actores visou fortalecer o quadro social e institucional de apoio, o fomento à criação de plataformas de diálogo e colaboração, de valorização de diferentes formas de conhecimento (técnico-científico e “local”) e a mobilização para a construção de políticas ou para a validação do processo de decisão. Noutro conjunto de experiências, o entendimento da participação dos actores foi desvalorizado, produzido de forma burocrática, sem o devido reconhecimento das suas motivações e valorização dos meios disponíveis, sem um adequado envolvimento, o que conduziu a situações de elevada conflitualidade, fragilização e descredibilização do exercício de planeamento e a resultados que contrariam os objectivos inicialmente definidos. Neste contexto, parece pois confirmar-se a hipótese de que as metodologias de planeamento onde a participação dos actores é considerada de forma explícita, coerente e consequente, condicionam de forma clara o envolvimento e alinhamento dos actores e determinam os resultados do planeamento do território.

Feminist Genealogies in the Writing of the Self

Maria Tamboukou links Foucauldian ideas to feminism and education. Its central argument is that the Foucauldian notion of 'technologies of the self' needs to be gendered and contextualized. This argument is pursued through a genealogical analysis of auto/biographical narratives of women educators at the turn of the nineteenth century. This is a new theoretical approach, since Foucault's work has proved to be of great interest to feminist scholars, but as yet, his theroies have only intermittently been used in educational feminist work. The genealogical analysis of situated female sujectivities has highlighted the importance of space in the 'technologies of the female self' and has reconsidered the private/public couplet. It has acted as a continuous source of uncertainty, experimenting with Foucauldian questions of what we are, of how we have become what we are, but also and perhaps most importantly of how we can become other than what we are already.

Containing precious metals: hallmarking, minting and the materiality of gold and silver in medieval and modern England.

This book chapter extends the argument constructed by Oakley in his conference paper ‘Containing gold: Institutional attempts to define and constrict the values of precious metal objects’ presented at ‘Itineraries of the Material’, a conference held at Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt am Main in 2011. Oakley’s chapter investigates the social forces that define the identities, social pathways and physical movement of objects made of precious metal. It presents a case study in which constitutive substance rather than the conceptual object is the key driver behind the social trajectories of numerous artefacts and their reception by contemporary audiences. This supports the main contention of the book as a whole: the need to reconsider, and when necessary challenge, the dominance of the social biography of objects in the study of material culture. Oakley’s research used historical and ethnographic approaches, including three years’ of ethnographic field research in the jewellery industry. This included training as a precious metal assayer at the Birmingham Assay Office and observing the industry and public response to government proposals to abolish the hallmarking legislation. This fieldwork was augmented by archive, library and object collection research on the histories of assaying and goldsmithing. Oakley presents an analysis of the historical development and contemporary social relevance of hallmarking, a technological process that has never previously been subject to ethnographic study, yet is fundamental to one of the UK’s creative industries.

‘Disability and HIV in Africa: Breaking the barriers to sexual health care’

Three decades in to the HIV pandemic, the issues affecting people with disabilities remains less known. Increasing attention has been given to this overlooked population when it comes to HIV prevention, treatment and care. This is related to the significant unmet sexual and reproductive health care needs facing people with disabilities worldwide. This article discusses the barriers to sexual health for people with disabilities in Africa, and presents an argument about how mainstream HIV prevention work and research does not adequately attend to the sorts of systemic barriers that exclude people with disabilities, which a more targeted, and critical approach could.

Revitalizing the PE social-justice agenda in the global era: Where do we go from here?

Critical theorists have called attention to the intensification of diversity that is now occurring inside and outside of school, while critically engaging with the detrimental effects of globalization on equity, diversity, and social justice. Globalization presents new challenges to education and to issues of social justice. In this article, we argue that there is a need for scholars in the field of physical education (PE) to re-think and re-frame the social-justice agenda to address current inequalities produced by globalization. To support this argument, first, we reflect on the impact of global neoliberalism on PE; second, we discuss the ways in which, as a result of global neoliberalism, public health discourses have an “othering” effect on ethnically diverse young people; third, we propose a theoretical shift from a focus on equality to a focus on difference; and finally, we conclude with considerations for future research and curricula in school PE.

Duas poéticas individuais: a metaficção em Finisterra, de Carlos de Oliveira e em o Triunfo da Morte de Augusto Abelaira

Dissertação de mestrado, Literatura, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2005

Aims of education and well-being as absence of disorder

This thesis offers an original account of what personal well-being can be. Any account of education, it is believed, has to do with and aims at personal well-being. I approach this view on well-being not in a positive but in a negative way. I put forward some items that in certain circumstances can be taken by and called sources or forms of disorder. In the absence of such forms or sources of disorder, I assume that a certain order, prudential or moral, takes place and that constitutes the well-being of the person. The concept of ‘absence of disorder’ is introduced and argued as an educationally appropriate view of personal well-being which is the central educational aim. Therefore, ‘absence of disorder’ is positioned as the central aim of education. This concept is illuminated, for practical reasoning, by a list of seven possible forms of disorder: Comparison, Corruption, Dependency, Division, Fear, Self-disintegration and Violence. As a view of personal well-being, ‘absence of disorder’ is initially rooted in informed desire satisfaction, via the introduction of the concept of entropy. Prudentially, the agent’s informed desire is satisfied by living a life with low build up of entropy or disorder. But, in a second move such a base is also provided by the Levinasinian concept of ‘disinterest’ as a root for ‘what is to be a human’. Such ‘disinterest’ is related to the concepts of love and of ‘action for its own sake’. It is at this final approach that an attempt is made towards the approximation of the ethical and the prudential aspects of social practices. Even if only to some extent successful, the argument is directed to the following conclusion: an education aiming at ‘absence of disorder’ may promote prudential well-being and give us some confidence in simultaneously favouring moral education.

Digital unterwegs ohne das virtuelle soziale Netzwerk – qualitative Studie über Facebook-Verweigerung und Virtual Identity Suicide

Das virtuelle soziale Netzwerk Facebook feiert seinen zehnten Geburtstag. Mit über einer Milliarde aktiver Nutzer ist es seit seiner Entstehung zur weltweit größten Internetplattform zur Kommunikation avanciert. Dennoch gibt es in Deutschland eine große Anzahl an Menschen, die sich zwar täglich im Internet bewegt, aber auf eine Mitgliedschaft bei Facebook verzichtet. In dieser Arbeit werden die Gründe untersucht, warum manche Personen Facebook nicht nutzen. Die Leitfrage der Arbeit lautet: „Warum nutzen ausgewählte deutsche Internetnutzer Facebook nicht?“. Es wird zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Personenkreisen, den Nicht- und den Ex-Nutzern, unterschieden. Basierend auf Leitfadeninterviews mit 25 Befragten, die mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet werden, werden elf verschiedene Gründe für eine Verweigerung von Facebook identifiziert. Für die Nicht-Nutzer stellt die Art der Kommunikation den zentralen Grund dar, Facebook nicht zu verwenden. Die Ex-Nutzer wiederum sehen den fehlenden Nutzen der Anwendung als wichtigstes Argument gegen Facebook.

Does it pay?

This document gives statistics on education, wealth, and earnings for South Carolina and comparisons of other states as a persuasive argument for spending more on education.

Pensar e filosofar a partir do problema da existência de Deus

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Filosofia, Universidade de Lisboa, 2010

Free coinage of silver : speech of Hon. William Elliott, of South Carolina, in the House of Representatives, Thursday, February 13, 1896 [Pamphlet]

This speech is given to the United States House of Representatives. Hon. William Elliot gives a persuasive argument for why he will be voting against the senate amendment for free coinage of silver. He defines free coinage of silver and he describes fifty-cent dollar. He discusses the fall in the price of products and provides causation.

The role and performance of Herodotus as Narrator of the Histories

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1987

A presença da metafísica na ciência

Tese de doutoramento, História e Filosofia das Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2014

A pureza perdida do desporto : futebol no Estado Novo

Tese de doutoramento, Sociologia (Teorias e Métodos de Sociologia), Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 2014