Competencia y regulación en el sector de la banca en Guatemala

Incluye Bibliografía

A construção da defesa da concorrência no MERCOSUL: uma perspectiva construtivista - cooperação e interesses nas relações internacionais

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

Quando a creche é espaço educativo, todos educam: as equipes de apoio em contextos de educação infantil

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

A crise econômico-financeira internacional e seus impactos sobre a preservação das microempresas e empresas de pequeno porte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 40

Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Regulation under the public model of service provision ; Regulatory progress and challenges in Argentina ; Twenty years of SUNASS: development, experience, lessons learned and challenges ; Possible conflict between efficiency and sustainability ; Best practices in regulating State-owned and municipal water utilities.-- News of the Network: Water use charge in the Province of Buenos Aires ; National Drinking Water and Sanitation Sector Policy of Guatemala ; Sanitation Services Modernization Law of Peru ; Internet and WWW News

A influência do estado no crescimento da economia do setor mineral: o caso da CVRD de 1942 a 2010

O presente trabalho tem como tema “a influência do Estado no crescimento da economia do setor mineral: o caso da CVRD de 1942 a 2010”. Para orientar a pesquisa e a construção da tese foi estabelecido o problema: que mudanças ocorreram no plano legal e institucional, no Brasil e no Pará, a partir de 1990, que podem ser interpretadas como componentes de um novo modo de regulação e que transformações se processaram na economia, no Brasil e no Pará, que podem ser interpretadas como parte do processo de constituição de um novo regime de acumulação e de que forma essas alterações estão relacionadas com o processo de privatização e crescimento da mineração, sob a gestão da CVRD ou Vale? Como marco teórico operou-se com as categorias de análise regime de acumulação e modo de regulação, considerando as contribuições de Lipetz (1988) e Harvey (1998) da denominada escola da regulação. O objetivo era compreender as mudanças na economia e na legislação, no Brasil e no Pará, como uma transição do regime de acumulação e modo de regulação fordista-keyneiano para um novo regime denominado de acumulação flexível. Selecionou-se um conjunto de eventos para serem analisados como integrantes da transição no modo de regulação: Plano de estabilização econômica; reforma constitucional de 1995; Lei Complementar n° 87/96 - a Lei Kandir; Medida Provisória nº 2166/67 que criou o conceito de obras de utilidade pública; Resolução do Conama nº 369 sobre mineração em Área de Preservação permanente; Lei de responsabilidade Fiscal; Lei de Modernização dos Portos. Outros eventos foram selecionados e analisados como componentes de um novo regime de acumulação: Investimento público em obras de infra-estrutura de transporte e energia; privatização no Brasil, incluindo a da CVRD e sua expansão posterior, juntamente com o crescimento da economia do setor mineral. Concluiu-se que, com a influência do Estado há a estabilização de um novo regime de acumulação, que no Pará aprofunda o perfil primário-exportador da economia. Em 2010, o setor mineral contribuiu com 86% da pauta de exportação e desse total a indústria extrativa mineral participou com 77% e a indústria da transformação com 23%. No período de 2002 a 2007, a indústria extrativa mineral participava com 60% e a da transformação com 40% da exportação. A CVRD ou Vale, no Pará, a partir de 2010, priorizou a exportação de produtos primários, sobretudo minério de ferro, reduzindo sua participação na indústria de transformação, por meio do repasse à Norsk Hidro, de suas ações, na Albrás, Alunorte e Companhia de Alumina do Pará.

Minería y actores sociales: estudio comparativo entre Parauapebas (Pará, Brasil) y El Pangui (Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador)

Esta tese é o de informar a seu leitor a situação atual da mineração e às interações de comunicação pelos diferentes atores sociais relacionada com mineração da Amazônia tanto equatoriana como brasileira. Dá uma compreensão de sua funcionalidade dentro do "sistema" assim como de sua normalização e regulamentação do "mundo da vida", onde a racionalidade seria insuficiente para chegar a compreender os diferentes contextos das situações dadas e, mas bem é necessário usar os imperativos do "mundo da vida", a fim de ter uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica da mineração. A principal técnica metodológica abordada é caracterizada pela análise de discurso com base em entrevistas semi-estruturadas aplicadas á diversidade de atores sociais em três níveis institucionais, semi-institucionais e extra-institucional correspondente a cada uma de suas estruturas funcionais sejam as mesmas no político, social, econômico, ecológico e cultural, e sua relação coma "Teoria da Ação Comunicativa" de Jürgen Habermas; Na qual trabalhou-se as estruturas funcionais do Estado (Governo) e Políticas Públicas (constituição, Lei de mineração) capaz de fazer frente ás reduções cognitivo-instrumental da racionalidade; em segundo lugar, de um conceito de sociedade (ação coletiva e "mundo da vida") articulado em dois níveis, que associa os paradigmas "mundo da vida" e "sistema", e que a seu vez explica o tipo de patologias sociais que se esta tornando cada vez mais visíveis na sociedade de hoje. Entre os principais resultados se tem a mudança de mentalidade do povo equatoriano sobre o apoderamento dos recursos naturais, com base nas novas redefinições sociopolíticas do governo atual; como o direito da natureza, o direito do bom viver, direitos das comunidades, povos e nacionalidades, direito de participação, etc. Além disso, em termos de Brasil deixa claro que suas políticas de mineração passam por importantes alterações que visam, principalmente, as relações estabelecidas entre o Estado Federal e da esfera econômica considerando-se no possível alcançar um melhor controle e uso dos recursos naturais; Algumas dessas estratégias estão voltadas para a infraestrutura vial, portoaria, e hidrelétrica, permitindo o desenvolvimento industrial, crescimento econômico e social do país.

Influence of melatonin on the development of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cultured chick retinal cells

The influence of melatonin on the developmental pattern of functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors was investigated in embryonic 8-day-old chick retinal cells in culture. The functional response to acetylcholine was measured in cultured retina cells by microphysiometry. The maximal functional response to acetylcholine increased 2.7 times between the 4th and 5th day in vitro (DIV4, DIV5), while the Bmax value for 125I-a-bungarotoxin was reduced. Despite the presence of a8-like immunoreactivity at DIV4, functional responses mediated by a-bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were observed only at DIV5. Mecamylamine (100 µM) was essentially without effect at DIV4 and DIV5, while dihydro-ß-erythroidine (10-100 µM) blocked the response to acetylcholine (3.0 nM-2.0 µM) only at DIV4, with no effect at DIV5. Inhibition of melatonin receptors with the antagonist luzindole, or melatonin synthesis by stimulation of D4 dopamine receptors blocked the appearance of the a-bungarotoxin-sensitive response at DIV5. Therefore, a-bungarotoxin-sensitive receptors were expressed in retinal cells as early as at DIV4, but they reacted to acetylcholine only after DIV5. The development of an a-bungarotoxin-sensitive response is dependent on the production of melatonin by the retinal culture. Melatonin, which is produced in a tonic manner by this culture, and is a key hormone in the temporal organization of vertebrates, also potentiates responses mediated by a-bungarotoxin-sensitive receptors in rat vas deferens and cerebellum. This common pattern of action on different cell models that express a-bungarotoxin-sensitive receptors probably reflects a more general mechanism of regulation of these receptors.

The dynamic behavior of a cantilever beam coupled to a non-ideal unbalanced motor through numerical and experimental analysis

An excitation force that is not influenced by the system state is said to be an ideal energy source. In real situations, a direct and feedback coupling between the excitation source and the system must always exist at a certain level. This manifestation of the law of conservation of energy is known as the Sommerfeld effect. In the case of obtaining a mathematical model for such a system, additional equations are usually necessary to describe the vibration sources with limited power and its coupling with the mechanical system. In this work, a cantilever beam and a non-ideal DC motor fixed to its free end are analyzed. The motor has an unbalanced mass that provides excitation to the system which is proportional to the current applied to the motor. During the coast up operation of the motor, if the drive power is increased slowly, making the excitation frequency pass through the first natural frequency of the beam, the DC motor speed will remain the same until it suddenly jumps to a much higher value (simultaneously its amplitude jumps to a much lower value) upon exceeding a critical input power. It was found that the Sommerfeld effect depends on some system parameters and the motor operational procedures. These parameters are explored to avoid the resonance capture in the Sommerfeld effect. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are used to help gather insight of this dynamic behavior. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Projeto de um transdutor binocular utilizando extensometria e aplicação na pesagem rodoviária

With the passage of time, the variety of companies from each branch has gradually grown throughout the country. As a consequence, the logistics to attend to such demand has grown in the same proportion. One factor to highlight about this rapid growth is the increase of freight vehicles roaming the roads, often carrying loads over the limit established by law. At first it may seem that this would not bring any problem, however, note that an excessive number of overloads ends up deteriorating the asphalt, causing ondulations, potholes and other imperfections on the roads, which can cause accidents. In addition, the money spent for the maintenance of the roads is high. Thinking about it, it was established by law a regulation that restricts the weight limit for these vehicles, through axle weighing, subject to a fine. With this control the road floor is preserved for longer, requiring less maintenance expenses. The weighing stations use load cells to display the inferred weight, these cells use strain gages in its construction. The following work presents a methodology to dimension a binocular load cell, its main elements and its dimensioning. Showing how different materials can affect the dimensioning, so that can work satisfactorily. It also presents an overview of how are the parameters for weighing, and fines

O equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão de rodovias federais e estaduais sob a égide da Lei 8.987/95

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Strategies to improve the mechanical properties of starch-based materials: plasticization and natural fibers reinforcement

Biodegradable polymers are starting to be introduced as raw materials in the food-packaging market. Nevertheless, their price is very high. Starch, a fully biodegradable and bioderived polymer is a very interesting alternative due to its very low price. However, the use of starch as the polymer matrix for the production of rigid food packaging, such as trays, is limited due to its poor mechanical properties, high hidrophilicity and high density. This work presents two strategies to overcome the poor mechanical properties of starch. First, the plasticization of starch with several amounts of glycerol to produce thermoplastic starch (TPS) and second, the production of biocomposites by reinforcing TPS with promising fibers, such as barley straw and grape waste. The mechanical properties obtained are compared with the values predicted by models used in the field of composites; law of mixtures, Kerner-Nielsen and Halpin-Tsai. To evaluate if the materials developed are suitable for the production of food-packaging trays, the TPS-based materials with better mechanical properties were compared with commercial grades of oil-based polymers, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene-terphthalate (PET), and a biodegradable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA).

Numerical and experimental investigation of a vibration system with non-ideal vibration source

An excitation force that is not influenced by the system's states is said to be an ideal energy source. In real situations, a direct and feedback coupling between the excitation source and the system must always exist. This manifestation of the law of conversation of energy is known as Sommerfeld Effect. In the case of obtaining a mathematical model for such system, additional equations are usually necessary to describe the vibration sources and their coupling with the mechanical system. In this work, a cantilever beam and a non-ideal electric DC motor that is fixed to the beam free end is analyzed. The motor has an unbalanced mass that provides excitation to the system proportional to the current applied to the motor. During the motor's coast up operation, as the excitation frequency gets closer to the beam first natural frequency and if the drive power increases further, the DC motor speed remains constant until it suddenly jumps to a much higher value (simultaneously the vibration amplitude jumps to a much lower value) upon exceeding a critical input power. It was found that the Sommerfeld effect depends on some system parameters and the motor operational procedures. These parameters are explored to avoid the resonance capture in Sommerfeld effect. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are used to help insight this dynamic behavior.

As diretrizes curriculares para os cursos de Educação Física no Brasil: uma breve revisão cronológica e análise desse processo sobre as implicações para a formação profissional

The law of Guidelines and Bases for National Education-LDB established the need to ensure at Universities a greater flexibility in the Organization of courses and careers, taking into account the heterogeneity of prior education and training, as well as the expectations and interests of students. Since the deployment of the first courses of Physical Education in Brazil, in the 30 's decade, the formation was only in Degree Course. On a pioneer way, resolution CFE 031987 allowed the Universities could organise their own pedagogical projects and curriculum, allowing even the Bachelor Course contemplating the dynamics of the evolution of the area and encouraging a change in attitudes of professionals. The Bachelor Course, with an offer of disciplines to other areas higher than education, openness also allowed to research, promoting an increasing interaction of the Physical Education with other professions od health. Physical education stands out as interareas instrument in the promotion of health and quality of life of the population. With the regulation of the Profession through the law No. 9696/98, grows the discussion around the definition of professional delimitations in this close relationship with other areas. With the need for a reformulation in teaching projects, Degree and Bachelor Courses, express the new curricular guidelines and resolutions of the MEC, as well as the professional delimitations by CONFEF for each formation. Given these aspects, the objective of the present study was to describe the chronology of such facts and a expose a critical opinion of the authors about the course and consequences of this process.

Antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonates), atypical fractures and rebound effect: new evidence of similitude

Background: Homeopathy is based on treatment by similitude ('like cures like') administering to sick individuals substances that cause similar symptoms in healthy individuals, employing the secondary and paradoxical action of the organism as therapeutic response. This vital or homeostatic reaction of the organism can be scientifically explained by the rebound effect of drugs, resulting in worsening of symptoms after suspension of treatment. Bisphosphonates (BPs) reduce 'typical' fractures in patients with osteoporosis, but recent studies report 'atypical' fractures of the femur after stopping the BPs, a rebound effect may be the causal mechanism. Method: Review of the literature concerning the relationship between atypical femoral fractures and antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonates), identifying the pathogenesis of this adverse event. Results: Several studies have described multiple cases of 'atypical' low-impact subtrochanteric stress fractures or complete fractures of the femur. These fractures are often bilateral, preceded by pain in the affected thigh, may have a typical X-ray appearance, and may delayed healing. Rebound of osteoclastic activity after suspension of antiresorptive drugs is a plausible mechanism to explain this phenomenon. Conclusion: As for other classes of drugs, the rebound effect of antiresorptive drugs supports Hahnemann's similitude principle (primary action of the drugs followed by secondary and opposite action of the organism), and clarifies this 'unresolved' issue. Unfortunately, the rebound effect is little discussed among health professionals, depriving them of important knowledge ensure safe management of drugs. Homeopathy (2012) 101, 231-242.