Wittgenstein y su concepto de la filosofía.

Se realiza un estudio sobre el filósofo Ludwig Wittgenstein, cuya filosofía está caracterizada por romper con los encasillamientos de la época, por estar relacionada con los problemas del lenguaje, y vinculada al movimiento neopositivista. En su obra aparece una profunda relación entre los problemas filosóficos y el lenguaje, y esta idea aparece en tres momentos de su evolución filosófica: la etapa del tractatus logico-philosophicus; la filosofía en los cuadernos azul y marrón; y la filosofía en las investigaciones filosóficas.

La Conferencia del Consejo de Europa en Málaga : presidió la Sección de clausura el Subsecretario de Educación y Ciencia, profesor Legaz Lacambra. En la declaración final se propugna por la cooperación entre los educadores para formar a la juventud dentro de un humanismo nuevo, enraizado en la herencia europea.

Incluye las ponencias, en francés, Rapport del Grupo Primero de Verlinden, Johannes; Koweindi, Karl; Vandevelde, René. p. 1598-1602. Rapport del Grupo Segundo de Wohlgemuth, Ludwig; Gie, Hubert; Kjeldsen, Paul; Whitaker, Enid Rosamond. p. 1602-1605. Declaración final de la Conferencia (en francés). p. 1605-1606

La reforma educativa como estrategia gubernamental

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La primacia de la pràctica en la filosofia de l’últim Wittgenstein

Amb aquest treball ens proposem bàsicament fer una lectura de De la certesa, el veritablement darrer text de Ludvig Wittgenstein atès que les seves últimes entrades van ser escrites tot just dos dies abans de morir. Avui comença a ser acceptada la idea que Wittgenstein no va escriure dues sinó tres obres majors. El relat estàndard que parla de dos Wittgensteins (el del Tractatus i el de les Investigacions) va essent qüestionat o si més no matisat, a mesura que va creixent l’interès pels últims textos de Wittgenstein i en particular pel text que ens ocupa. El nostre treball de recerca serà doncs, una lectura de De la certesa, convençuts com estem de la seva rellevància, tant pel què fa a la comprensió de la pròpia filosofia de Wittgenstein i la seva evolució, com pel què fa a algunes qüestions centrals en el debat de l’epistemologia contemporània. Ens proposem dir alguna cosa sobre l’obra en si mateixa, el seu lloc en el corpus wittgensteinià, i sobre la rellevància dels seus plantejaments en el debat actual al voltant de l’escepticisme i el relativisme

El Fotomuntatge arquitectònic. El cas de Mies Van der Rohe

El treball realitzat vol ser un anàlisi exhaustiu de l'efecte causat per l'aparició de la fotografia en la representació de l'arquitectura, la seva introducció en les presentacions dels projectes i l'ús del fotomuntatge. Amb el canvi de segle, del dinou al vint, la fotografia ja va començar a entrar en les diferents disciplines artístiques inclosa l'arquitectura, de tal manera que amb l'aparició de les avantguardes artístiques els moviments arquitectònics moderns també es van mostrar reaccionaris i van incloure, a part de nous conceptes arquitectònics, noves maneres de presentar-les, la qual cosa els va acostar a les propostes pictòriques i conseqüentment a la introducció de la fotografia en el seu procés de treball i de presentació.

Universal Museum - universal language? Art historian - curator

Marshal McLuhan’s prophetic vision of the global village is about to be realized. If we are aware of the fact that mass communication reduces the dimensions of our world and makes it more unified and universal, we should take this into consideration when planning the Universal Museum and the language that should be used in it. As curators, educators and museum staff we should not ignore the fact that the spectator/viewer is drawn to the exhibits not only by their own merit, but also guided and assisted by verbal messages, i. e. Labels, brochures. Catalogues etc. Hence, the crucial question is what we, the museologists, use as a means of communication when preparing for a Universal Museum. Should we use pictorial semiotics? This may be a partial solution, which is mainly restricted to objects that can be manipulated and moved by the visitor, as is the case in most of the technological museums. But since the range of objects on display at museums is vast and varied - fine art, archaeological finds, ethnographic objects etc., it may not be the answer to the whole spectrum of exhibits. Dr. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof, being an optimist, hoped that by introducing Esperanto to the multi-lingual world population, humanity would be able to bridge and diminish the gap of linguistic differences, thus creating a better understanding between the international communities. Unfortunately this vision was not realized. Esperanto was and still is an utopian and esoteric phenomenon. The barriers between nations still exist although, as mentioned earlier, mass media do help, in some ways, to reduce them.

PIGOK: linking protein identity to gene ontology and function

Here we introduce a computer database that allows for the rapid retrieval of physicochemical properties, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes information about a protein or a list of proteins. We applied PIGOK analyzing Schizosaccharomyces pombe proteins displaying differential expression under oxidative stress and identified their biological functions and pathways. The database is available on the Internet at http://pc4-133.ludwig.ucl.ac.uk/pigok.html.

The temporal impulse response underlying saccadic decisions

Models of perceptual decision making often assume that sensory evidence is accumulated over time in favor of the various possible decisions, until the evidence in favor of one of them outweighs the evidence for the others. Saccadic eye movements are among the most frequent perceptual decisions that the human brain performs. We used stochastic visual stimuli to identify the temporal impulse response underlying saccadic eye movement decisions. Observers performed a contrast search task, with temporal variability in the visual signals. In experiment 1, we derived the temporal filter observers used to integrate the visual information. The integration window was restricted to the first similar to 100 ms after display onset. In experiment 2, we showed that observers cannot perform the task if there is no useful information to distinguish the target from the distractor within this time epoch. We conclude that (1) observers did not integrate sensory evidence up to a criterion level, (2) observers did not integrate visual information up to the start of the saccadic dead time, and (3) variability in saccade latency does not correspond to variability in the visual integration period. Instead, our results support a temporal filter model of saccadic decision making. The temporal impulse response identified by our methods corresponds well with estimates of integration times of V1 output neurons.

The remote distractor effect in saccade programming: channel interactions and lateral inhibition

We explored the dependency of the saccadic remote distractor effect (RDE) on the spatial frequency content of target and distractor Gabor patches. A robust RDE was obtained with low-medium spatial frequency distractors, regardless of the spatial frequency of the tat-get. High spatial frequency distractors interfered to a similar extent when the target was of the same spatial frequency. We developed a quantitative model based on lateral inhibition within an oculomotor decision unit. This lateral inhibition mechanism cannot account for the interaction observed between target and distractor spatial frequency, pointing to the existence of channel interactions at an earlier level. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A new frequency-uniform coercive boundary integral equation for acoustic scattering

A new boundary integral operator is introduced for the solution of the soundsoft acoustic scattering problem, i.e., for the exterior problem for the Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that this integral operator is coercive in L2(Γ) (where Γ is the surface of the scatterer) for all Lipschitz star-shaped domains. Moreover, the coercivity is uniform in the wavenumber k = ω/c, where ω is the frequency and c is the speed of sound. The new boundary integral operator, which we call the “star-combined” potential operator, is a slight modification of the standard combined potential operator, and is shown to be as easy to implement as the standard one. Additionally, to the authors' knowledge, it is the only second-kind integral operator for which convergence of the Galerkin method in L2(Γ) is proved without smoothness assumptions on Γ except that it is Lipschitz. The coercivity of the star-combined operator implies frequency-explicit error bounds for the Galerkin method for any approximation space. In particular, these error estimates apply to several hybrid asymptoticnumerical methods developed recently that provide robust approximations in the high-frequency case. The proof of coercivity of the star-combined operator critically relies on an identity first introduced by Morawetz and Ludwig in 1968, supplemented further by more recent harmonic analysis techniques for Lipschitz domains.

Multimodel estimate of the global terrestrial water balance: setup and first results

Six land surface models and five global hydrological models participate in a model intercomparison project (WaterMIP), which for the first time compares simulation results of these different classes of models in a consistent way. In this paper the simulation setup is described and aspects of the multi-model global terrestrial water balance are presented. All models were run at 0.5 degree spatial resolution for the global land areas for a 15-year period (1985-1999) using a newly-developed global meteorological dataset. Simulated global terrestrial evapotranspiration, excluding Greenland and Antarctica, ranges from 415 to 586 mm year-1 (60,000 to 85,000 km3 year-1) and simulated runoff ranges from 290 to 457 mm year-1 (42,000 to 66,000 km3 year-1). Both the mean and median runoff fractions for the land surface models are lower than those of the global hydrological models, although the range is wider. Significant simulation differences between land surface and global hydrological models are found to be caused by the snow scheme employed. The physically-based energy balance approach used by land surface models generally results in lower snow water equivalent values than the conceptual degree-day approach used by global hydrological models. Some differences in simulated runoff and evapotranspiration are explained by model parameterizations, although the processes included and parameterizations used are not distinct to either land surface models or global hydrological models. The results show that differences between model are major sources of uncertainty. Climate change impact studies thus need to use not only multiple climate models, but also some other measure of uncertainty, (e.g. multiple impact models).