Desenvolvimento da oralidade em crianças de três a quatro anos: descrevendo jogos e brincadeiras que produzem novas formas de comportamento

The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language

Marcadores prosódicos da escrita literária: uma análise da obra Manuelzão e Miguilim, de Guimarães Rosa

to each other. These approaches reveal the speaker's attitudes, their feelings expressed in statements and in the contexts in which those expressions are used. Cagliari (1989) calls this kind of discursive reference as prosodic markers in literary writing. In this project, the corpus for the analysis comes from the work of Guimarães Rosa: Manuelzão e Miguilim. The main goal of the present project is to develop studies on the subject, since there is virtually nothing done about the prosodic writing markers. Develop working methods is an important objective, in order to show how the prosodic markers can be studied. This type of study is not only important to linguistics: phonetics, textual analysis and discourse, but also to literary studies. Different ages of literary expressions used differently such resources as shown by the work of Cagliari (1989). The methodology of this project starts collecting data to compose the corpus with examples categorized as prosodic markers. Then, according to prosodic theories, these expressions are classified in types. The contexts in which they appear are important elements and they will be highlighted. The narrative of the plot is also an important context. Dialogues are good source of prosodic markers. In the work of Guimarães Rosa: Manuelzão e Miguilim, it was observed that the author likes to reveal the feelings of the characters in the novel through stated words in their speech. There are prosodic markers showing feeling like: intimidating, serene, gentle, cheerful, worried, angry, with irony, etc. The authors also refer to the fact that the character pronounced his speech with different voice qualities such as loud, hoarse, whispering, etc. This project studies the association between some prosodic elements of speech and their occurrence in literary texts as prosodic writing markers, as defined in the project. The data come from the phonetic descriptions of words and expressions regarded as prosodic...

Desenvolvimento da linguagem oral em crianças afastadas da família de origem

For a complete development of oral language it's necessary the development of genetic roots of thought and utterance postulates by Vygotsky, yet the meditation of adult and the influence social and cultural that is around the child. In cases of children moved away from their birth family by judicial ways because of neglect there, is a new modality of refuge in Brazil, that is the home refuge, which is the object of our research. The present study shows an investigation about the development of speech in a child that was moved away from his birth family and forwarded to Foster Family to comprehend the contributions and activities that help in child development. The research was performed through an approach of qualitative interpretation of bibliographic type and area type. The data analysis allowed us conclude the new social and cultural way that the watched child was inserted helps in his development in a significant way enabling a qualitative jump in speech and psychic functions phase

Desenvolvimento da oralidade em crianças de três a quatro anos: descrevendo jogos e brincadeiras que produzem novas formas de comportamento

The goal for this communication is the speech development in children three to four years, and how games and child's plays can help them in the process. For this, we have set three specific goals. They are: select games and activities that serve as a means of furthering the development of speech; elect three activities, making sure at what point is the extra step to the outbreak of the sign/symbol and identify at what time of play the child uses more talk and no change in psychological structure. These games have been applied to children from three to four years in order to identify and record their actions and speeches during activities. Acquiring the ability to speak, the kids will be able to communicate socially and develop new forms of behavior. From young children already expresses themselves through babbling and even crying, because do not have a conventional language yet. From the social relationship, the child tends to become familiar with the language, and gradually learn how to use it, expressing her feelings and desires. When the development of language and thought intersect, transform the course of action of the child who begins to have control of your action. Such its importance in society, the language became the basis of childhood education and is the duty of teachers and educators to appropriate the necessary encouragement to the child to develop or improve her language

Todos os filmes estrangeiros

O artigo toma as figuras da legenda e da dublagem como pontos de partida para a exploração das várias formas de estrangeirice no audiovisual. Tais figuras são apenas as marcas mais visíveis e impositivas da maneira como os filmes envolvem questões relacionadas com a diferença, a alteridade e a tradução. Em seguida, o artigo também discute o que pode ser um filme estrangeiro no contexto da globalização e da internacionalização da produção cinematográfica. Enfim, ele invoca o conceito de «cinema com sotaque», ou seja, o cinema criado ao mesmo tempo nos interstícios das formações sociais e das práticas cinematográficas, especialmente nas comunidades exílicas e em situações de diáspora.

Direito de livre expressão e direito social à informação na era digital

O artigo procura aprofundar o tema da liberdade de expressão e do direito à informação, tal como concebidos na democracia que se estabelece a partir da idéia de que todo o poder emana do povo e em seu nome é exercido, nos marcos da comunicação contemporânea postos pelas novas tecnologias e pelas redes interconectadas. A liberdade de expressão e o direito à informação de fato se expandem na era digital? Em que termos? Há novos constrangimentos para esses direitos fundamentais? Quais os desafios?

Amplificação por condução óssea em malformações congênitas: benefício e satisfação

Hearing loss is one of the most common clinical findings in subjects with malformations of the ear. Treatment consists of surgery and/or adapt a hearing aid amplification by bone (HA VO). Early intervention is critical to auditory stimulation and development of speech and language. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the audiological profile of subjects with congenital malformation of the external ear and/or middle and evaluate the benefit and satisfaction of using HA VO. METHOD: A descriptive study, subjects with bilateral congenital malformations of the external ear and/or middle, conductive or mixed hearing loss, moderate or severe and HA VO users. Evaluation of the benefit test using sentence recognition in noise and measures of functional gain and satisfaction assessment questionnaire using international IQ - HA. RESULTS: 13 subjects were evaluated, 61% were male and 80% with moderate conductive hearing loss or severe. There was better performance in the evaluation proposal, provided with HA when compared to the condition without HA. CONCLUSION: HA VO showed advantages for the population studied and should be considered as an option for intervention. Satisfaction was confirmed by elevated scores obtained in IQ - HA.

Adaptação do aparelho de amplificação sonora no SUS comparado com um modelo de adaptação compacto

In the present days it is critical to identify the factors that contribute to the quality of the audiologic care provided. The hearing aid fitting model proposed by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) implies multidisciplinary care. This leads to some relevant and current questions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the results of the hearing aid fitting model proposed by the SUS with a more compact and streamlined care. METHOD: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study with 174 participants randomly assigned to two groups: SUS Group and Streamline Group. For both groups we assessed key areas related to hearing aid fitting through the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) questionnaire, in addition to evaluating the results of Speech Recognition Index (SRI) 3 and 9 months after fitting. RESULTS: Both groups had the same improvement related to the speech recognition after nine months of AASI use, and the IOI-HA didn't show any statically significant difference on three and nine months. CONCLUSION: The two strategies of care did not differ, from the clinical point of view, as regards the hearing aid fitting results obtained upon the evaluation of patients in the short and medium term, thus changes in the current model of care should be considered.

A hearing report from Brazil

The past several decades, the need for hearing health services is still great, especially in the northeast, the Amazonian, and the southern regions Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest Portuguese-speaking country, and the fifth largest country in the world by population and by land. The vast land not only brings rich natural resources but also large varieties of exotic vegetation and wildlife. One hundred and ninety-three million inhabitants live in five geographical regions with diverse cultural practices influenced by immigrants from Italy, Spain, Japan, Germany, and other countries. Brazilian people generally are warm-hearted, very welcoming, and resilient. They are optimistic and creative despite having encountered many economic downturns and political challenges throughout history. A bachelor's degree is the entry level for the profession. As only 19 percent of the population aged 18–24 years have access to higher education, the competition for admissions is fierce, especially in government institutions. High school students need to pass tests of general knowledge in a national examination and a university-specific examination. Government educational institutions offer good education without charging tuition. The majority of scientific papers are also produced by scholars working in government institutions. Private institutions are generally ranked lower in academic rigor (Behlau and Gasparini, 2006), except for a few top-ranking institutions. The fields of speech-language pathology and audiology are marked by rapid changes in recent years. Currently, there are 104 undergraduate programs recognized by the Ministry of Education and distributed in all but three federal states of Brazil.

O uso da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde para acompanhamento de pacientes usuários de Implante Coclear.

Purpose: To characterize the profile of patients with cochlear implant as proposed by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). Methods: This is a descriptive, crosssectional retrospective study, which examined 30 medical records of patients using the cochlear implant of Centro de Pesquisas Audiológicas. To characterize the profile of the patients, the ICF-CY was used. Regarding the assessment, researchers relied on procedures performed in clinical routine, besides information registered in the medical record. After reviewing the information, it was related to codes from the ICF-CY; with the addition of a qualifier afterwards. Results: Overall, 55 codes from the ICF were related to the instruments to characterize this population. Regarding the Body Functions field, most participants did not have disabilities related to reception and expression of oral language and auditory functions, with only written language disabilities being found. These same findings were observed in the Activity and Participation Field. Regarding environmental factors, noise and the non-availability of technology resources to assist in the auditory comprehension of noise were characterized as a barrier, as well as the absence of speech therapy. Conclusion: This study concluded that most of the participating children showed no deficiency in the body functions, with difficulties being only reported in relation to school performance. Environmental factors (noise, non-availability of technological resources, absence of speech therapy) were characterized as a barrier. The need to expand assessments in the clinical routine was also noted.

Inserção de graduados em fonoaudiologia de uma universidade pública em programas de pós-graduação

OBJETIVO: caracterizar a inserção de egressos do Curso de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Marília, em Programas de Pós-Graduação (PPG) Stricto Sensu brasileiros. MÉTODO: foram utilizadas listas de graduados e Curriculum Vitae do egresso e do orientador. RESULTADOS: dos 537 formados, 16,57% cursaram/estavam cursando PPG e destes, 98,88% em mestrado e 37,08% também em doutorado. Na grande área de conhecimento, 50% dos egressos de mestrado vincularam-se predominantemente a programas em Ciências da Saúde, 31,80% em Ciências Humanas e 13,64% em Linguística, Letras e Artes. No doutorado, 33, 33% em Ciências Humanas, 30,30% em Ciências da Saúde e em Linguística, Letras e Artes. Quanto à área de conhecimento, predominou a vinculação, no mestrado, de 30,68% em Fonoaudiologia, 28,41% em Educação, 13,64% em Linguística e 9,09% em Medicina I; e, no doutorado, de 33,33% em Educação, 30,30% em Linguística e 9,09% em Fonoaudiologia; 55,68% dissertações e 51,52% teses focalizaram a linguagem. A UNESP predominou com 39,77% no mestrado e 48,48% no doutorado. Predominou a vinculação a Programas com conceito 4 para 52,27% dos egressos do mestrado e 45,45% do doutorado. Quando constou a informação (55,68%), todos receberam fomento. O Teste de Razão de Verossimilhança não indicou diferenças significativas dos percentuais obtidos entre o mestrado e o doutorado. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados superaram os apresentados para o mesmo Estado, mostraram a característica interdisciplinar da Ciência Fonoaudiológica e o predomínio de temática em linguagem.

Efetividade da fonoterapia e proposta de intervenção breve em respiradores orais

OBJETIVOS: verificar o efeito da intervenção fonoaudiológica em um grupo de respiradores orais e propor terapia fonoaudiológica mínima no tratamento da respiração oral. MÉTODO: estudo prospectivo longitudinal, casuística de 40 sujeitos respiradores orais tratados no Hospital das Clínicas - setor de Reabilitação Orofacial do Ambulatório de Respirador Oral da Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP. Realizada documentação fotográfica, avaliação clínica, aplicação de protocolo para categorizar modo respiratório, postura (lábios e bochechas); força e praxias (lábios, bochechas e língua) nas semanas 0, 12 e 24. A proposta terapêutica constou de treino e conscientização da respiração nasal; manobras para aquecimento e vascularização da musculatura orofacial; aplicação de pontos e zonas motoras na face; manobras passivas; uso do impulso distal; exercícios miofuncionais e registro da percepção dos pacientes sobre suas condições olfativas e obstruções nasais.Teste estatístico: não paramétrico de Igualdade de Duas Proporções, p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: houve adequação da função respiração nasal. Aumento da força de lábios, língua e bochechas. Melhora nas praxias: bico direita, bico esquerda, estalo e vibração de lábios. Vibração e estalo de língua. Inflar simultaneamente as bochechas, inflar bochecha direita e esquerda. O tempo com maior ganho terapêutico foi de 12 semanas. A partir deste dado foi esquematizado protocolo com 12 sessões estruturadas abordando estratégias utilizadas nesta pesquisa. CONCLUSÃO: a pesquisa demonstrou que o uso da reabilitação miofuncional para pacientes respiradores orais foi eficiente com maior evolução terapêutica observada na semana 12.

Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

A new genus, Cradoscrupocellaria n. gen., is erected for Scrupocellaria bertholletii Audouin, 1826), reported as widespread in tropical and subtropical waters. Here we select a neotype of this species in order to establish its identity and distinguish it from morphologically similar species. We include redescriptions and figures of additional species now assigned to this new genus: Cradoscrupocellaria curacaoensis (Fransen, 1986) n. comb., Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta (Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb., and Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhyncha (Gautier, 1962) n. comb. Five additional species are assigned to the genus: Cradoscrupocellaria ellisi (Vieira & Spencer Jones, 2012) n. comb., Cradoscrupocellaria nanshaensis (Liu, 1991) n. comb., Cradoscrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1758) n. comb., Cradoscrupocellaria serrata (Waters, 1909) n. comb., and Cradoscrupocellaria tenuirostris (Osburn, 1950) n. comb. Eighteen new species are described: Cradoscrupocellaria aegyptiana n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria arisaigensis n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria atlantica n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria calypso n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria floridana n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria galapagensis n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria gautieri n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria insularis n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria jamaicensis n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria lagaaiji n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria macrorhynchoides n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria makua n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria marcusorum n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria normani n. sp., Cradoscrupocellaria odonoghuei n. sp., and Cradoscrupocellaria osburni n. sp.

Link prediction using a probabilistic description logic

Due to the growing interest in social networks, link prediction has received significant attention. Link prediction is mostly based on graph-based features, with some recent approaches focusing on domain semantics. We propose algorithms for link prediction that use a probabilistic ontology to enhance the analysis of the domain and the unavoidable uncertainty in the task (the ontology is specified in the probabilistic description logic crALC). The scalability of the approach is investigated, through a combination of semantic assumptions and graph-based features. We evaluate empirically our proposal, and compare it with standard solutions in the literature.

El uso de la información genética en la gestión de la biodiversidad marina de islas oceánicas : el cangrejo moro "Grapsus adscensionis" en la Macaronesia

Máster Oficial en Gestión Costera