973 resultados para Comparative Genomic Hybridization,


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This is a comparative survey of the Fish Populations of 10 West-Midlands Mere of Site of Special Scientific Interest Status. The meres of the Shropshire-Cheshire plain (West Midlands) comprise over 60 water bodies. Water quality in the meres ranges from naturally eutrophic to nutrient limited and some of them have received Site of Special Scientific Interest status (SSSIs). This survey was commissioned in order to obtain quantitative information on the fish fauna of selected SSSIs and evaluate the likely impact of fish on other species within the community. The current survey was concerned with 10 of the West Midlands’ meres, a cross section of sites was selected. Sites were widely distributed from Marton Pool in the south-western part of Shropshire to Tabley moat in Chesire. Meres varied in size, depth and nutrient status. All were to be sampled using the methods outlined. The report is divided into different sections for clarity and ease of reference. The materials and methods section provides an outline of the location and status of each mere and information on known fish species present. The results were considered individually and comparatively, relative abundance of fish, species present, their diet, sex, age, parasite burdens and growth. Inter-site comparisons were made using information derived from echo-soundings, growth rate, diet, and species abundance for each site. The final section will be in the form of a general discussion, comparative information from longer term studies, conclusions and recommendations.

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稻属(Oryza L.)属于禾本科稻族(Oryzeae Dumortier)。本属包括AA,BB,BBCC,CC,CCDD,EE,FF,GG,HHJJ和HHKK十个基因组,二十余种。其中Oryza officinalis复合体包括BB,BBCC,CC,CCDD和EE五个基因组,九个种。众多的学者对该复合体进行了广泛深入的研究,为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础。然而,迄今为止,多倍体物种形成问题许多没有解决,基因组间的关系尚未完全阐明,甚至有些多倍体物种的基因组组成仍未确认。 本文评述了Oryza officinalis复合体中基因组研究的历史和现状,用基因组原位杂位(GISH)的方法,对该复合体四倍体物种的基因组组成作了验证;对B,C,D和E四个基因组间的关系进行了研究。同时对基因组原位杂交的方法,原位杂交鉴定多倍体基因组的组成以及研究基因组间关系的方法作了一些探讨。其主要研究结果如下: 一. 原杂交方法的研究:1)染色体制片:比较研究了不同的制片方法,发现压片法适用于大染色体的材料;将酶解/空气干燥法(Fukui et al., 1992)加以改进后,特别适宜于小染色体植物材料的制片。2)根尖储存时间和条件对原位杂交的影响:发现在-20 ℃的酒精(70%)中储存8个月以内的根尖材料,可用于原位杂交;而在-20 ℃的固定液中储藏18个月的根尖,DNA降解严重,不能用于GISH。3)探针标记:比较了随机引物法、缺口平移法和两步标记法(先用随机引物标记后,再用缺口平移法进行标记的方法)的优缺点。结果显示两步标记法是最佳标记方法。 二. GISH鉴定异源多倍体的方法:用两个异源四倍体Oryza minuta和Scilla sinensis (2n = 34)做染色体制片,进行原位杂交实验,结果表明:1)用二倍体亲本基因组之一做探针而不用封阻DNA, 可以鉴别Oryza minuta而不能鉴别Scilla sinensis中的基因组。2)用一个二倍体亲本做探针而用另一个做封阻,能够区分Scilla sinensis的两个基因组;但过量的封阻DNA将可以造成一些实验假象。3)同时用两个亲本的DNA做探针,不仅能够有效分辨不同的基因组,还能够根据交叉杂交程度推测基因组间的分化程度,是鉴别异源多倍体最有效的方法。 三. GISH鉴定稻属四倍体的基因组组成:1)Oryza minuta, O. punctata和O. malampuzhaensis的基因组的组成都为BBCC。2)Oryza minuta中B基因组和二倍体O. punctata中的B基因组之间存在着明显的基因组内分化。3)O. alta是一个异源多倍体,其基因组组成为CCDD。但C和D之间的分化不彻底,可以认为它不是一个严格意义上的异源多倍体。 四. GISH研究B,C,D和E基因组间的关系:1)B基因组和C基因组之间的关系最远;E和C之间的分化同E和B之间的分化程度接近,但E和C之间的分化比E和D之间的分化要小一些;C和D之间的分化不彻底,关系最近。