MICROORGANISMS IN ORGANIC AND NON ORGANIC HONEY SAMPLES OF AFRICANIZED HONEYBEES

This research was carried out to evaluate and compare 11 organic honey samples and six non organic honey samples, respectively, harvested from islands of the triple frontier (Sao Paulo, Parana and Mato Grosso do Sul states) and from the state of Parana, Brazil. The samples were studied for the presence of coliforms from 35 degrees C, to 45 degrees C and the enumeration of moulds and yeast, a minimum of 1.9 x 10(2) and a maximum of 1.1 x 10(3) CFU/g were observed in organic honey and a minimum of 1.8 x 10(1) and a maximum of 2.5 x 10(2) CFU/g were in non organic honey. In this studied region, the organic honey presented a microbiological quality inferior to the non organic honey.

Regulatory effects of an inhibitor from Plathymenia foliolosa seeds on the larval development of Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera)

The Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella, is one of the most important insect pests of grains, reported worldwide, feeding on stored grains and products of rice, rye, corn and wheat. Plants synthesize a variety of molecules, including trypsin inhibitors, to defend themselves against attack by insects. In this study, a trypsin inhibitor (PFTI) was purified from Plathymenia foliolosa (Benth.) seeds and was tested for insect growth regulatory effect. The survival and mass of A. kuehniella larvae feeding on control seeds were about 82.7% and 5 ring, respectively, whereas survival on seeds containing 0.7% PFTI was about 56%, while a 66.1% reduction in the average mass of the larvae was observed. The results from dietary utilization experiments with A. kuehniella larvae showed a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost. The level of trypsin was significantly decreased in larval midgut and increased in the feces of larvae reared on a diet containing 0.7% PFTI. Results indicate that PFTI possesses a toxic effect against A. kuehniella larvae. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Purification and Characterization of a Trypsin Inhibitor from Plathymenia foliolosa Seeds

A novel trypsin inhibitor (PFTI) was isolated from Plathymenia foliolosa (Benth.) seeds by gel filtration chromatography on a Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sepharose, and trypsin-Sepharose columns. By SDS-PAGE, PFTI yielded a single band with a M(r) of 19 kDa. PFTI inhibited bovine trypsin and bovine chymotrypsin with equilibrium dissociation constants (K(i)) of 4 x 10(-8) and 1.4 x 10(-6) M, respectively. PFTI retained more than 50% of activity at up to 50 degrees C for 30 min, but there were 80 and 100% losses of activity at 60 and 70 degrees C, respectively. DTT affected the activity or stability of PFTI. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of PFTI showed a high degree of homology with various members of the Kunitz family of inhibitors. Anagasta kuehniella is found worldwide; this insect attacks stored grains and products of rice, oat, rye, corn, and wheat. The velvet bean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis) is considered the main defoliator pest of soybean in Brazil. Diatraea saccharalis, the sugar cane borer, is the major pest of sugar cane crops, and its caterpillar-feeding behavior, inside the stems, hampers control. PFTI showed significant inhibitory activity against trypsin-like proteases present in the larval midguts on A. kuehniella and D. saccharalis and could suppress the growth of larvae.

TESA-blot for the diagnosis of Chagas disease in dogs from co-endemic regions for Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma evansi and Leishmania chagasi

We standardized serodiagnosis of dogs infected with Trypanosoma cruzi using TESA (trypomastigote excreted-secreted antigen)-blot developed for human Chagas disease. TESA-blot showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, ELISA using TESA (TESA-ELISA) or epimastigotes (epi-ELISA) as antigen yielded 100% sensitivity but specificity of 94.1% and 49.4%, respectively. When used in field studies in an endemic region for Chagas disease, visceral leishmaniasis and Trypanosoma evansi (Mato Grosso do Sul state, Central Brazil), positivities were 9.3% for TESA-blot, 10.7% for TESA-ELISA and 32% for epi-ELISA. Dogs from a non-endemic region for these infections (Rondonia state, western Amazonia) where T cruzi is enzootic showed positivity of 4.5% for TESA-blot and epi-ELISA and 6.8% for TESA-ELISA. Sera from urban dogs from Santos, Sao Paulo, where these diseases are absent, yielded negative results. TESA-blot was the only method that distinguished dogs infected with T cruzi from those infected with Leishmania chagasi and/or Trypanosoma evansi. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Eleven new species of the genus Cluzobra Edwards (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Eleven new species of the sciophiline genus Cluzobra Edwards are described and illustrated - Cluzobra triocellata, sp.n., Cluzobra accola, sp.n., Cluzobra claripennis, sp.n., Cluzobra papaveroi, sp.n., Cluzobra coptolithus, sp.n., Cluzobra vockerothi, sp.n., Cluzobra sapiranga, sp.n., Cluzobra fluminense, sp.n., Cluzobra fritzmuelleri, sp.n., Cluzobra spinata, sp.n., Cluzobra elpidia, sp.n. Additional specimens of C. fuscipennis Edwards, C. plaumanni Edwards, and C. binocellaris (Edwards) have been identified, extending the distribution range of these species. The species were identified and described based on 173 specimens at different latitudes along the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil and northern Argentina. The position of the new species in the groups of species proposed for the genus in the literature is considered. Three areas of endemism are identified for the group, one from southern Brazil, northern Argentina and Paraguay northwards to areas at higher altitudes in the States of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, one from southern Bahia to the extreme north of the Atlantic Forest, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in west State of Sao Paulo, extending west and northwards into the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goias. This paper raises the number of known Cluzobra to 41 species.

Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Centre-West and Southeast Brazil

Three new species of Anacroneuria are described herein: A. otafroehlichi sp. n., A. terere sp. n. and A. singularis sp. n. In addition, we report the presence of A. atrifrons Klapalek and A. pastaza Stark for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul State. The reported distributions of A. payagua Froehlich and A. ofaye Froehlich are expanded into Mato Grosso do Sul State.

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci in the marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus Cervidae)

Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is one of the most exposed large mammals in South America. To aid in the conservation management of the species, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and tested on up to 50 animals, showing 3-12 alleles and expected heterozygosity values varying from 0.69 to 0.89. These markers should be of considerable utility in future population and ecological genetics studies of this species. The marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is the biggest South American species of deer. Originally distributed across a large part of South America, stretching from the south bank of the Amazon river to northern Argentina, significant wild populations are now restricted to the Pantanal, swamplands that cover about 40% of southwest Brazil. The marsh deer is listed as Vulnerable on the Red List of the IUCN. Three populations of the species from three areas in the Parana River basin (between the states of Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul) were recently studied by observing protein polymorphism at 17 loci (Oliveira et al. 2005). Now we are presenting data about isolation of microsatellite markers to improve the results regarding population structure.

Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free range chickens in the Pantanal area of Brazil

The aim of this paper was to genetically characterize Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free range chickens in regions of Brazilian territory in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) where T. gondii strains have never been studied. In total, T. gondii isolates from 22 free range chickens were included in this study. Fifty chickens from Eldorado, thirty from Rio Verde and ten from Aquidauana were sampled between January and April 2007. In relation to the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from chickens in MS, the magnitude of the diversity in the isolates sampled in this study was comparable to the overall diversity in a composite data set. These 22 isolates in MS revealed 11 genotypes, whereas the 321 isolates ever genotyped in Brazil have revealed 95 genotypes. The values of Simpson`s Diversity Index for the whole population of T. gondii isolates in Brazil, the whole population of T. gondii isolates from chickens in Brazil and the population surveyed in this study were 0.97, 0.95 and 0.90, respectively. Seven of the 11 genotypes revealed from chicken isolates from MS are newly described genotypes and six of them each have a single isolate. In conclusion, the results obtained from isolates in MS corroborate previous studies on T. gondii isolates in Brazil, thus confirming their diversity and atypicality. Nonetheless, the applicability of PCR-RFLP markers for epidemiological inferences remains controversial. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carios fonsecai sp nov (Acari, Argasidae), a bat tick from the central-western region of Brazil

Males, females, and larvae of Carios fonsecai sp. nov. are described from free-living ticks collected in a cave at Bonito, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The presence of cheeks and legs with micromammillate cuticle makes adults of C. fonsecai morphologically related to a group of argasid species (mostly bat-associated) formerly classified into the subgenus Alectorobius, genus Ornithodoros. Examination of larvae indicates that C. fonsecai is clearly distinct from most of the previously described Carios species formerly classified into the subgenus Alectorobius, based primarily on its larger body size, dorsal setae number, dorsal plate shape, and hypostomal morphology. On the other hand, the larva of C. fonsecai is most similar to Carios peropteryx, and Carios peruvianus, from which differences in dorsal plate length and width, tarsal setae, and hypostome characteristics are useful for morphological differentiation. The mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence of C. fonsecai showed to be closest (85-88% identity) to several corresponding sequences of different Carios species available in GenBank. Bats identified as Peropteryx macrotis and Desmodus rotundus were found infested by C. fonsecai larvae in the same cave where the type series was collected. C. fonsecai showed to be aggressive to humans in the laboratory.

Pacto nacional pelo enfrentamento da viol??ncia contra as mulheres

O Pacto Nacional pelo Enfrentamento da Viol??ncia contra as Mulheres visa descentralizar a????es por meio de acordo federativo entre o governo federal e os governos dos estados e dos munic??pios brasileiros. Participam do pacto a Secretaria Especial de Pol??ticas para as Mulheres da Presid??ncia da Rep??blica (SPM/PR), organiza????es da sociedade civil, e outros parceiros do governo federal. Com o objetivo principal de reduzir os ??ndices de viol??ncia contra as mulheres, o pacto ?? composto por quatro grandes eixos: Implementa????o da Lei Maria da Penha e Fortalecimento dos Servi??os Especializados de Atendimento; Prote????o dos Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos e Enfrentamento da Feminiza????o da Aids; Combate ?? Explora????o Sexual de Meninas e Adolescentes e ao Tr??fico de Mulheres; e Promo????o dos Direitos Humanos das Mulheres em Situa????o de Pris??o. Desde 2008, os seguintes estados j?? aderiram ao Pacto: Acre, Bahia, Cear??, Esp??rito Santo, Goi??s, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Par??, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, S??o Paulo, Tocantins, Alagoas, Amap??, Para??ba e Sergipe

A presta????o de servi??os adequados, eficientes e seguros na classifica????o vegetal

O problema era como estabelecer a conviv??ncia profissional e a uni??o de esfor??os entre o Minist??rio da Agricultura e seus ??rg??os conveniados ou entidades contratadas, de modo a obter um melhor gerenciamento da atividade de ???Classifica????o Vegetal???. A solu????o foi encontrada numa mudan??a de atitude a partir da qual seguiram-se diversas medidas pr??ticas: os agentes supervisores passaram a se conduzir como parceiros dos prestadores de servi??os ao inv??s de fiscais. A iniciativa promoveu a supera????o dos conflitos entre prestadores de servi??o e supervisores, com ganhos de efic??cia e efici??ncia na atividade de classifica????o vegetal, moderniza????o dos processos de classifica????o vegetal, que passam a adotar equipamentos, procedimentos e padr??es de n??vel internacional e a generaliza????o da experi??ncia para outras unidades federativas, que levou o Minist??rio da Agricultura a iniciar um trabalho de reformula????o da legisla????o que normatiza a realiza????o de cursos de classifica????o vegetal e disciplina o credenciamento de classificadores e professores

Formação de mudas de mamão em ambientes de cultivo protegido em diferentes substratos

A fruticultura no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul carece de informações sobre o potencial de produção de mudas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de mudas de mamoeiro, cultivar Sunrise Solo, em diferentes substratos industrializados e solo. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), campus Aquidauana, no período de 18/11/2008 a 05/01/2009. Foram utilizados três ambientes de cultivo protegido, três tamanhos de sacola de polietileno e seis substratos. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas sub-subdivididas. Constatou-se que a sacola de 15,0 x 21,5 cm (1539,8 cm³) propicia as melhores mudas, e pelo índice de qualidade de Dikson todos os ambientes foram propícios à formação das mudas nesse recipiente. A vermiculita adubada com 14% de composto orgânico é o melhor substrato na formação de mudas de mamoeiro e pelo índice de qualidade de Dikson esse substrato apresentou mudas com menor qualidade sob sombrite.

Produtividade de feijoeiro de inverno submetido à dessecação com paraquat na pré-colheita

O conhecimento da época e da dose de aplicação de dessecante, em pré-colheita do feijoeiro, é de extrema importância para se evitarem perdas na produtividade da cultura. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de feijoeiro de inverno, após aplicação do dessecante paraquat em diferentes épocas (30; 35; 40 e 45 dias após o início do florescimento - DAF) e das doses (0; 200; 400 e 600 g ha-1), em pré-colheita. O experimento foi conduzido no período de outono/inverno de 2010, em Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 (épocas de aplicação x doses do herbicida), com quatro repetições. O aumento das doses de paraquat, até os 35 DAF, aumentou de forma linear o percentual de sementes defeituosas, enquanto as sementes tiveram sua massa reduzida linearmente, até os 40 DAF. A produtividade do feijoeiro não foi afetada pela aplicação de paraquat a partir dos 35 DAF, ao contrário do incremento da dose, que provocou redução linear desse parâmetro.

Damage level of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (acari: tetranychidae) in soybeans

Among phytophagous spider mites, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 is one of the most important agricultural pests, not only because of the damage it causes, but also because it has a wide host range, infesting many commercial crops such as leafy greens, cotton, beans, and soybeans, among others. This study was carried out in a greenhouse of the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA) of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), located in the city of Dourados, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of 5 levels in percentage of chlorotic symptoms (indicating mite damage): 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. All of the characteristics evaluated, except for number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per plant, the total weight (productivity), and the weight of 1000 seeds, were significantly influenced by the different levels of chlorotic symptoms. The economic damage level for the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, according to the equation y = 66.63-0.51 x, based on the price of US$ 11.00 per bag of soybeans and a control cost of US$ 16.00, would be 15.80% chlorotic symptoms. At a price of US$ 29.00 per bag with the same control cost, the economic damage level would be 13% of chlorotic symptoms.

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos e correlações entre caracteres fenológicos e morfoagronômicos em feijão-caupi

Mensurar a variabilidade genética e conhecer as correlações entre caracteres de interesse para seleção numa população constitui uma das etapas iniciais em um programa de melhoramento genético. Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial para o melhoramento genético de uma população composta por 19 genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte ereto e semiereto, entre variedades comerciais e linhagens avançadas, foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos e correlações entre caracteres fenológicos e morfoagronômicos da população. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, em Aquidauana, no período da seca do ano agrícola 2007/2008. Foram avaliados os caracteres: dias para o florescimento (DF), dias para a maturação (DM), massa de 100 grãos (MCG), comprimento de vagem (CV), massa de vagem (MV), número de grãos por vagem (NGV) e produtividade de grãos secos (PROD). Verificou-se efeito significativo de genótipos para todas as características indicando existência de variabilidade. O maior valor da estimativa do coeficiente de variação genética foi obtido para PROD, que também apresentou o mais alto valor de coeficiente b, 2,05, indicando condição favorável para seleção desse caráter. Dentre os demais caracteres apenas para DM o valor do coeficiente b foi superior a um. Foram observadas correlações genéticas positivas e significativas entre todos os caracteres e PROD, sendo as mais elevadas com DF, MV e NGV. Concluiu-se que a população apresentou potencial para o melhoramento genético e que aumento da produtividade de grãos pode ser obtido principalmente para genótipos mais tardios.