A implementação com articulação burocrática: políticas de transferência condicionada de renda no Brasil e México

A presente tese analisou a burocracia dos PTCs no Brasil e no México; especificamente, teve por objetivo mostrar a influência da burocracia articuladora (BA) sobre a diferença nos resultados de focalização, adotando como referência os erros de exclusão estimados para ambos os programas. A articulação analisada incorporou dimensões intergovernamentais e intersetoriais nas cadeias de implementação definidas para ambos os programas, considerando o período de 2003 a 2010, no qual ambas as BAs enfrentaram o desafio de expandir a cobertura do programa e manter a focalização. Esse estudo foi orientado pela a abordagem qualitativa, através do estudo de caso comparado, a partir do qual foi possível interpretar que os melhores resultados de focalização se relacionam com a capacidade de acessar recursos administrativos (federais e municipais) do burocrata brasileiro. Em termos teóricos, a utilização do modelo de Goggin et alii (1990) auxiliou na ponderação de variáveis intervenientes na determinação dos resultados casos individuais.

Direitos sociais e Bolsa Família na ordem constitucional brasileira: virtudes e fragilidades de um "meta-direito"

Apesar de uma Constituição carregada de direitos sociais visando à transformação da sociedade brasileira, foi somente a partir de 2003 que o país ganhou destaque internacional nas ações de combate à pobreza e desigualdade, tornando-se uma referência. O grande protagonista teria sido o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), um programa de transferência de renda condicionada que, combinado aos direitos sociais, teria permitido o alívio imediato de situações de extrema pobreza, mas também o desenvolvimento do capital humano atingindo resultados positivos multidimensionais nos seus mais de 10 anos de existência. Tal processo iniciou um debate acerca da necessidade de institucionalizar o programa como uma política de Estado, que para alguns interlocutores significaria transformar o PBF em um “direito” aos moldes dos direitos sociais, impondo uma obrigação aos governos futuros. Diante disso, este trabalho busca identificar, do ponto de vista jurídico e comparado aos direitos sociais, quais as vantagens e desvantagens do PBF na sua configuração atual. Compondo o movimento que busca compreender o papel do direito nas políticas públicas, adotando uma abordagem intra e interdisciplinar, e uma perspectiva funcional; a reflexão é alicerçada em três “eixos”: a cidadania, a judicialização e a vinculação orçamentária. Esse “tripé” foi escolhido em função da estrutura constitucional acerca dos direitos sociais, que em uma leitura funcional representam uma obrigação de fazer ao Estado para a concretização de uma noção de cidadania abrangente; uma dotação orçamentária vinculativa, garantido que parte da receita será destinada a ações de cumprimento dessas obrigações; e os instrumentos para adjudicação, permitindo a exigência dessas ações estatais pelos cidadãos. Assim, este trabalho não buscar descrever ou tentar prescrever a natureza ou alcance das obrigações que a transformação do PBF em direito geraria ao Estado; mas sim refletir sobre as vantagens e desvantagens dessa eventual mudança do programa diante das características estruturais do país, do modelo de sociedade abstratamente desenhado na lei maior e de nossa cultura jurídica acerca dos direitos sociais.

Modelos curriculares na educação de infância: o enfoque na expressão dramática: da teoria às práticas

Esta investigação, de natureza qualitativa, pretendeu num primeiro propósito compreender a importância do currículo enquanto referencial para o desenvolvimento da educação ao longo dos tempos, desde as teorias tradicionais às teorias críticas e pós-críticas. Num segundo propósito, analisar teoricamente três modelos curriculares (High Scope, Movimento da Escola Moderna, Reggio Emilia), no âmbito da educação de infância, à luz de uma educação preconizada na atualidade e compreender a valorização do domínio da expressão dramática nos modelos curriculares em estudo. Como terceiro propósito, pretendeu, através de um estudo de caso, verificar a dinâmica da atividade de expressão dramática inerente às práticas pedagógicas dos educadores de infância cooperantes no curso de Licenciatura em Educação de Infância, da Universidade da Madeira. Entrevistámos um grupo de quinze educadores cooperantes, observámos as práticas pedagógicas de dois educadores no âmbito da expressão dramática e registámos ainda as atividades realizadas pelas crianças. Quanto aos resultados, reforçámos a ideia que os modelos curriculares são gramáticas pedagógicas importantes para as práticas dos educadores de infância. Relativamente às práticas pedagógicas observadas no domínio da expressão dramática, estas revelaram que é necessário aperfeiçoar os referenciais teóricos dos educadores, bem como a construção da planificação de atividades para garantir uma intervenção sustentada e um maior espaço de manobra à criança num contexto de aprendizagem autêntica e significativa.

Characterization and polymorphism screening of IGF-I and prolactin genes in Nelore heifers

Insulin growth factor I (IGF-I) and prolactin (PRL) are peptide hormones that exert complementary effects on reproductive traits by acting on folliculogenesis. In view of the lack of information about the IGF-I and PRL genes in Bos indicus, the objective of this study was to partially characterize the promoter regions of these genes and to screen animals of different ages at first pregnancy for the presence of polymorphisms in these regions. In addition, we determined whether polymorphisms influence the regulation of the two hormone genes, evaluating their association with sexual precocity.The animals were divided into three groups according to age at first pregnancy: 1) 100 heifers considered to be sexually precocious that became pregnant at 15-16 months of age, 2) 100 heifers that became pregnant during the normal breeding season at 24 months of age, and 3) 100 heifers that did not become pregnant until 24 months of age. For the IGF-I gene, PCR-RFLP-SnaBI analysis showed the presence of genotypes AB and BB at frequencies of 0.02 and 0.98, respectively. Sequencing of the IGF-I gene fragment revealed a single nitrogen base change from cytosine to thymine, corresponding to the restriction site of SnaBI. The polymorphisms identified in the 5'-flanking region of the IGF-I gene may serve as a basis for future studies of molecular markers in cattle. For the PRL gene, PCR-RFLP-HaeIII analysis showed the presence of only one migration pattern, a finding characterizing the region studied as monomorphic. The study of other regions in the IGF-I and PRL genes might provide molecular data that can be used in the future for the selection of sexually precocious animals.

An investigation of Leishmania spp. in Didelphis spp. from urban and peri-urban areas in Bauru (São Paulo, Brazil)

Blood and bone marrow samples were taken from 112 Didelphis spp., collected between March 2005 and February 2006, from urban and peri-urban areas of Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the hypothesis that these animals might constitute a reservoir of Leishmania spp. Anti-Leishman ia ssp. antibodies were screened in the serum samples using an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR was performed on fragments of DNA samples from Leishmania spp. using primers 13A and 13B, and showed a positive outcome in 91.6% of the 112 samples tested. of the 107 samples analyzed by ELISA, 71 % were positive. Evidence of epidemiological risk factors such as a circulating parasite and freely moving vectors suggests that Didelphis spp. may participate in the transmission cycle of Leishmania spp. in Bauru. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Análises espaciais na identificação das áreas de risco para a esquistossomose mansônica no município de Lauro de Freitas, Bahia, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Praxiologia, representação social de menopausa e práticas educativas de enfermeiras na estratégia saúde da família

This research, whose theme is related to climacteric, aims to know the social representation of menopause developed by the nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa PB, as well as identifying its structure and verifying the way it interferes with the assistance and educational practices to the climacterial user. In the theoretical level, it is based on a model that articulates the social representations theory, the central nucleus complementary theory and the central concepts of Pierre Bourdieu s praxiology: habitus, cultural capital, social field and symbolic power. A hundred and forty-seven female nurses who work for Estratégia Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy) in João Pessoa (PB) took part in this research, and the data collection period was from February 2008 to March 2009. As to the methods and techniques, we used the method to determine the central nucleus based on the free association of words, a questionnaire to identify certain regularities that constitute the nurses habitus, and the semi-structured interview to explore opinions and attitudes when facing assistance situations and educational practices and to collect other relevant information. The data analysis was developed, when referring to the free associations, with the help of the EVOC software, which is a group of articulated programs which carry out the statistical analysis of the evocations and the identification of the possible elements of both the central nucleus and the peripheral system of the social representation. As to the questionnaire, we used the descriptive statistical analysis and the analysis of correlation between the variables. The interviews were submitted to a categorical analysis of the content. The EVOC result indicated that the cognition hormone was the only element of the central nucleus of the social representation of menopause. Due to its symbolic value and structuring power, this central nucleus ensures the strict and, at the same time, flexible character of the representational content. The analysis of the social advancement, of some fundamental features of the group habitus, as well as the analysis of its insertion in the health field and of the attitudinal opinions and dispositions concerning the assistance given to the climacterial user, and the analysis of the pedagogical dimension of this assistance, all these analyses lead to the conclusion that the nurses who took part in this research share a social representation of the menopause resulting from the association of different technical and scientific knowledge. These derive from the biomedical pattern as well as from hegemonic values which disqualify old age and overvalue youth, from pedagogical conceptions arising from patterns that are presently regarded as authoritative and old-fashioned and from cultural references (responsible for the semantic variations concerning the central nucleus) which are specific to the subgroups the nurses belong to. This research enables the creation of opportunities for discussion between active nurses working for Estratégia Saúde da Família, and the nurses who are teachers at institutions of higher education, aiming at linking theory to practice, so that they can find ways of thinking about the climacteric and working, in a more comprehensive way, with users who are experiencing this stage of life

Adenosine deaminase activity as a biochemical marker of inflammatory response in goats infected by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Behavioural and seminal characteristics of Santa Ines rams subjected to successive semen collections in the Amazonian region

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of Santa Ines rams subjected to successive semen collections in an Amazonian climate. Four rams were subjected to successive ejaculations during a maximum period of three hours. This procedure was repeated three times at 15-day intervals. Sexual and behavioural (libido) and andrological (testicular and seminal) assessments were performed. A total of 81 ejaculates were collected. Libido and semen vigour, volume, appearance and concentration decreased as the ejaculation frequency increased (P<0.05) and sperm motility showed a decreasing trend (P=0.06). The seminal pH increased over the sequence of collections (P<0.05). The only significant differences observed between individual rams were the variable scrotal circumference and the percentages of live sperm and sperm abnormalities (P<0.05). All the parameters of the first ejaculation were within the normal range for this species, which suggests that the local climatic conditions (high temperature and humidity) did not affect the behavioural, testicular or seminal parameters of experimental rams. Our findings indicate that the reproductive performance of Santa Ines rams could be affected by the intensification of ejaculation frequency; however, individual male variation needs to be taken into consideration.

Representações Sociais do ser idoso e suas implicações na assistência e nas práticas educativas voltadas à população idosa residente em Natal/RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Environmental Fate of Neonicotinoids and Classification of Their Potential Risks to Hypogean, Epygean, and Surface Water Ecosystems in Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uma sequência didática a partir da temática terremotos com ênfase em CTS

Throughout its history the population of the region of Mato Grande, which includes the city of João Câmara, in Rio Grande do Norte, was subject to earthquakes. These events are caused by a geological fault, known as fault Samambaia. In the 1980s there was an intensification of this phenomenon culminating in an earthquake 5.1 on the Richter scale in the early hours of November 30, 1986, causing researchers from Brazil and other countries to shift to the region to conduct research in Seismology. During this period there was a strong interaction between scientists and local people. With the aim of studying how people experienced that moment that marked the history of the city of João Câmara, from interviews with some individuals who witnessed the incident, is that this research was developed. Taking as a theoretical approach to Science, Technology and Society (STS), aimed to thus carry the theme in a systematic way to the classroom, promoting ways to help teachers with the scientific training and guidance to students in case of occurrence of earthquakes

Mutagenic Activity of Glycoallkaloids from Solanum palinacanthum Dunal (Solanaceae) in the Brazilian cerrado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determination of oxamniquine in capsules by HPLC

A sensitive, accurate, reliable and easy method was developed for the quantification of oxamniquine in capsules using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. This technique provided conditions for the separation of the active ingredient from the dosage form by extraction in methanol. Isocratic reversed phase chromatography was performed using methanol, water, and triethanolamine (60:40:0.099, v/v/w) (System C) or methanol, acetonitrile, water and formic acid (40:30:30:0.083, v/v/w) (System D) as mobile phase, a stainless steel column (125 x 4 mm i.d., 5 mum) filled with LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (Merck), column temperature of 28 +/- 2 degreesC and detection at 260 nm. The calibration curves were linear over a wide concentration range (1.0-20.0 mug ml(-1) of oxamniquine) to the Systems C and D with good correlation factor (0.9990 and 0.9982, respectively). The average content obtained were 100.1 +/- 1.5% (System C) and 102.4 +/- 0.8% (System D). The presence of lactose, starch, magnesium stearate and sodium laurylsulphate did not interfere in the results of the analysis. The above findings showed the proposed method to be both simple and added advantage of allowing for fast analysis. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical and Bioactive Quality Traits During Fruit Ripening in Eggplant (S-melon gena L.) and Allied Species

A chemical and bioactive quality evaluation of phytochemicals content of 10 eggplant lines and three allied species (S. sodomaeum, S. aethiopicum and S. integrifolium) was performed. The eggplant lines were divided into the two subgroups of delphinidin-3-rutinoside (D3R) and nasunin (NAS) typologies, on the basis of the anthocyanin detected in their fruit skin. The allied species had higher glycoalkaloids content, lower soluble solids and PPO activity and absence of anthocyanins compared to the eggplant lines; S. sodomaeum stood out for high phenols content. Orthogonal contrast revealed a higher sugar content and low PPO activity in NAS- compared to D3R-typologies, whereas higher chlorogenic acid and anthocyanin contents were present in D3R-typologies. The main effect of the ripening was a decrease in phenols and in the PPO activity, not evidenced in S. sodomaeum, and an increase of glycoalkaloids in overripe fruits.A good relationship was found between superoxide anion scavenging capacity and chlorogenic acid. This study highlighted the pattern of accumulation, also evidencing variations, of several phytochemicals during the eggplant fruit development and ripening.