What Makes Your Writing Style Unique? Significant Differences Between Two Famous Romanian Orators

This paper introduces a novel, in-depth approach of analyzing the differences in writing style between two famous Romanian orators, based on automated textual complexity indices for Romanian language. The considered authors are: (a) Mihai Eminescu, Romania’s national poet and a remarkable journalist of his time, and (b) Ion C. Brătianu, one of the most important Romanian politicians from the middle of the 18th century. Both orators have a common journalistic interest consisting in their desire to spread the word about political issues in Romania via the printing press, the most important public voice at that time. In addition, both authors exhibit writing style particularities, and our aim is to explore these differences through our ReaderBench framework that computes a wide range of lexical and semantic textual complexity indices for Romanian and other languages. The used corpus contains two collections of speeches for each orator that cover the period 1857–1880. The results of this study highlight the lexical and cohesive textual complexity indices that reflect very well the differences in writing style, measures relying on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) semantic models.

Adolescent substance use in the context of the family: a qualitative study of young people’s views on parent-child attachments, parenting style and parental substance use

Background: Adolescent substance use can place youth at risk of a range of poor outcomes. Few studies have attempted to explore in-depth young people’s perceptions of how familial processes and dynamics influence adolescent substance use.
Objectives: This paper aimed to explore risk and protective factors for youth substance use within the context of the family with a view to informing family based interventions.
Methods: Nine focus groups supplemented with participatory techniques were facilitated with a purposive sample of sixty-two young people (age 13-17 years) from post-primary schools across Northern Ireland. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Three themes emerged from the data: 1) parent-child attachments, 2) parenting style and 3) parental and sibling substance misuse. Parent-child attachment was identified as an important factor in protecting adolescents from substance use in addition to effective parenting particularly an authoritative style supplemented with parental monitoring and strong parent-child communication to encourage child disclosure. Family substance use was considered to impact on children’s substance use if exposed at an early age and the harms associated with parental substance misuse were discussed in detail. Both parent and child gender differences were cross-cutting themes.
Conclusion: Parenting programmes (tailored to mothers and fathers) may benefit young people via components on authoritative styles, parental monitoring, communication, nurturing attachments and parent-child conflict. Youth living with more complex issues, e.g. parental substance misuse, may benefit from programmes delivered beyond the family environment e.g. school based settings.

Photoionization of Costyle="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit;">+ and electron-impact excitation of Costyle="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: inherit; line-height: 0; text-align: inherit;">2 + using the Dirac style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-weight: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; text-align: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">R-matrix method

Modelling of massive stars and supernovae (SNe) plays a crucial role in understanding galaxies. From this modelling we can derive fundamental constraints on stellar evolution, mass-loss processes, mixing, and the products of nucleosynthesis. Proper account must be taken of all important processes that populate and depopulate the levels (collisional excitation, de-excitation, ionization, recombination, photoionization, bound–bound processes). For the analysis of Type Ia SNe and core collapse SNe (Types Ib, Ic and II) Fe group elements are particularly important. Unfortunately little data is currently available and most noticeably absent are the photoionization cross-sections for the Fe-peaks which have high abundances in SNe. Important interactions for both photoionization and electron-impact excitation are calculated using the relativistic Dirac atomic style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 14px; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">R-matrix codes (DARC) for low-ionization stages of Cobalt. All results are calculated up to photon energies of 45 eV and electron energies up to 20 eV. The wavefunction representation of Co III has been generated using GRASP0 by including the dominant 3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">7}, 3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6}[4s, 4p], 3p^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">4}3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9} and 3p^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">6}3d^{style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline-style: none; font-size: 0.85em; font-family: "Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">9} configurations, resulting in 292 fine structure levels. Electron-impact collision strengths and Maxwellian averaged effective collision strengths across a wide range of astrophysically relevant temperatures are computed for Co III. In addition, statistically weighted level-resolved ground and metastable photoionization cross-sections are presented for Co II and compared directly with existing work.

Is Trading Behavior Stable Across Contexts? Evidence from Style and Multi-Style Investors

In this paper we study priming of identity within the context of inherent vs. contextual financial decision making. We use a sample of individual trading accounts in equity-style funds taken from one fund family to test the hypothesis that trading styles are inherent vs. contextual. Our sample contains investors who invest either in a growth fund, a value fund, or both. We document behavioral differences between growth fund investors and value fund investors. We find that their trades depend on past returns in different ways: growth fund investors tend towards momentum trading and value fund investors tend towards contrarian trading. These differences may be due to inherent clientele characteristics, including beliefs about market prices, specific personality traits and cognitive strategies that cause them to self-select into one or the other style. We use a sample of investors that trade in both types of funds to test this proposition. Consistent with the contextual hypothesis, we find that investors who hold both types of funds trade growth fund shares differently than value fund shares.

Combinative Aspects of Leadership Style and Emotional Intelligence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the leader’s emotional intelligence influences the leader’s preferences for different ways of combining leadership behaviors (i.e. combinative aspects of leadership style). Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a hybrid design to collect the data to avoid common-method biases. The authors described a high-stress workplace in a vignette and asked participants to rank four styles of combining a task-oriented leadership (i.e. Pressure) statement and a socio-emotional leadership (i.e. Support) statement. The authors then asked participants to complete a Likert-scale based questionnaire on emotional intelligence. Findings – The authors found that leaders who prefer to provide Support immediately before Pressure have higher levels of emotional intelligence than do leaders who prefer the three other combinative styles. Leaders who prefer to provide Pressure and Support separately (i.e. provide Pressure 30 minutes after Support) have the lowest levels of emotional intelligence. Research limitations/implications – A key implicit assumption in the work is that leaders do not want to evoke negative emotions in followers. The authors did not take into account factors that influence leadership style which participating managers would be likely to encounter on a daily basis such as the relationship with the follower, the follower’s level of performance and work experience, the gender of the leader and the gender of the follower, the hierarchical levels of the leader and follower, and the followers’ preferred combinative style. The nature of the sample and the use of a hypothetical scenario are other limitations of the study. Practical implications – Providing leadership behaviors that are regarded as effective is necessary but not enough because the emotional impact of leadership behaviors appears to also depend on how the behaviors are configured. Originality/value – This is the first study to show that the emotional intelligence of leaders is related to their preferences for the manner in which they combine task and social leadership statements. Furthermore, two-factor theories of leadership propose that the effects of task and social leadership are additive. However, the findings show that the effects are interactive.

Postpartum Psychosis in Bipolar Disorder: No Association with Personality, Cognitive Style and Temperament

Background and Aims: Bipolar disorder has been associated with a number of personality traits, cognitive styles and affective temperaments. Women who have bipolar disorder are at increased risk of experiencing postpartum psychosis, however no previous research has investigated these traits in relationship to postpartum episodes. Our aim was to establish whether aspects of personality, cognitive style and affective temperament, that have been associated with bipolar disorder, confer vulnerability to postpartum psychosis over and above their known association with bipolar disorder. Methods: Participants were 552 parous women with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder recruited into the Bipolar Disorder Research Network (www.bdrn.org). Postpartum psychosis group: lifetime episode of postpartum psychosis within 6 weeks of delivery (N = 284). Non-postpartum psychosis group: no history of any perinatal mood episodes (N = 268). Bipolar disorder-associated personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, schizotypy and impulsivity), cognitive styles (low self-esteem and dysfunctional attitudes) and affective temperaments were measured using well validated self-report questionnaire measures. Results: After controlling for key demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables, and measures of current mood state, there were no statistically significant differences between the postpartum psychosis group and non-postpartum psychosis group on any of the personality, cognitive style or affective temperament measures. Conclusions: Personality traits, cognitive styles and affective temperaments associated with the bipolar disorder diathesis in general were not associated with the onset of postpartum psychosis specifically. We have found no evidence that these traits should play a key role when evaluating risk of postpartum psychosis in women with bipolar I disorder considering pregnancy.

CSR Communication - An Employee Perspective : Tailoring Internal Communication using Employee Preferences for Content, Style and Channel.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) represents a theory and practice that is well-known and communicating its content has shown to play an important role in order to exploit its advantages and engage stakeholders on CSR issues. Even though, CSR communication has shown to be a real challenge, since corporations are encouraged to engage in CSR, but not to communicate too loud about this engagement. This study was inspired by Jenny Dawkins (2005) and her initial idea that tailoring CSR messages by exploring stakeholder preferences for content, style and channel, would solve the communication challenge. One stakeholder group that corporations are highly dependent on is employees and exploring their preferences for CSR communication became the purpose of this thesis: to understand employee preferences for style and channel within the content of CSR. This was of specific interest, since existing research on CSR communication has mainly been centered around financial and external issues on the expense of internal. In addition, the idea of a tailored approach has not gained any interest in research so far, and a possible explanation might be its diffuse meaning, a problem this thesis has addressed. In order to understand employee preferences for internal CSR communication, a qualitative case study research was conducted with in-depth interviews, observations and exercises at site. A total of 20 interviews were arranged in order to collect primary data during a one week prolong engagement at the case. The empirical findings from the respondents’ answers were then transcribed and analyzed using both inductive and theoretical thematic analysis. Based on the findings, the authors of this thesis contribute with two models that help practitioners to understand how to best communicate about various CSR content to employees. The first model developed suggests an implementation of the tailored approach for content, style and channel, and demonstrates a relationship between nature of content and constraint recognition. Also, the model explains how practitioners can provide CSR explanation in order to reduce skepticism and enable endorsement processes where employees communicate CSR to third parties. To show a more dependent relationship between how changes in nature of content and constraint recognition affect employee preferences, the authors created the "CSR Communication Grid". The authors made a theoretical contribution by clarifying and providing a framework for the tailoring approach as initially developed by Dawkins (2005). Additionally, the authors managed to draw a relation between Public Relations (PR) and CSR by referring models of PR to communication styles, which filled this gap in previous research.

Conception et application d'une grille d'analyse visant à évaluer le style d'animation

Cet essai a pour objectif de découvrir le style d'animation effectué par des animateurs de groupes de parents d'adolescents. De plus, nous voulons observer ce qui peut différer et être semblable d'un animateur à l'autre. Par le fait même, il nous sera possible de vérifier quel est l'impact du style d'animation sur les participants d'un groupe. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, nous avons enregistré sur bandes vidéoscopiques chacune des six séances de trois groupes. Pour évaluer et comparer les animateurs, nous avons élaboré une grille d'analyse permettant de coder chacune des interventions de ceux-ci. L'élaboration d'une telle grille a bien sûr exigé une revue littéraire autant sur le phénomène de la dynamique de groupe que sur les grilles d'analyse déjà existantes utilisées dans ce domaine. Il est également nécessaire de suivre une méthodologie rigoureuse afin de s'assurer de la validité de la grille. L'application de cette grille devrait nous permettre d'obtenir un portrait du style de chacun des animateurs et de leurs interactions avec les participants ainsi que sur la dynamique de groupe. Finalement, après avoir appliqué cette grille et recueilli les données utiles aux fins de cette étude, nous évaluerons la dite grille et ferons les recommandations appropriées afin de permettre à d'autres intervenants de l'utiliser au besoin.

Les rapports entre le climat organisationnel, le style de gestion et la situation de la direction d'école

Le monde de l'éducation est en effervescence depuis près de trente ans au Québec. Nous sommes passés de l'éducation réservée à un petit groupe de gens privilégiés qui avaient accès aux études secondaires et supérieures, à l'accessibilité pour tous. Cet objectif du Ministère de l'éducation, du début des années soixante, a généré une augmentation presqu'incontrôlable de la clientèle. À ce moment, les autorités se sont précipitées sur ce qui apparaissait le plus urgent: 1) La construction de bâtisses; ainsi sont nés polyvalentes et cegeps. 2) Avec l'augmentation de clientèle, il faut voir l'augmentation du nombre d'enseignants et autres personnels avec des préparations plus ou moins adéquates dans plusieurs cas. 3) Plus tard la gestion et l'encadrement de ces organismes sont devenus des objets de préoccupations. Les postes de cadres d'écoles étaient occupés par des personnes qui n'avaient pas ou peu de préparation sauf des expériences dans l'enseignement. Pour d'autres, c'était le transfert de l'industrie à l'enseignement. Ces trois éléments ont produit des effets secondaires sur le système scolaire du Québec. Le premier des trois éléments a généré des changements importants au niveau de la culture scolaire. Alors que la population scolaire du Québec avait vécu dans de petites écoles et dans des milieux plus ou moins populeux où l'école de quartier était le lieu de vie en éducation, on assiste à des regroupements de plus en plus grands afin d'offrir de meilleures possibilités du côté des ressources matérielles, physiques et humaines. La façon de vivre l'éducation s'en trouvait beaucoup changée. Le deuxième élément traite de l'augmentation importante des besoins comme enseignants ou autres personnels d'encadrement. L'augmentation de la clientèle et la laïcisation de l'éducation sont deux éléments qui influencèrent beaucoup l'éducation. Alors que pendant de nombreuses années les communautés religieuses avaient fourni les personnels dans les écoles, tout à coup on décide de les mettre de côté pour utiliser des laïcs, ces derniers n'étaient pas tous bien pré parés. […]

La stabilité du style interactif chez des garçons réputés agressifs

Cette recherche observationnelle de type longitudinal porte sur l'étude de la stabilité du style interactif des garçons réputés agressifs. Elle vise à décrire les styles interactifs. L'agression, la prosocialité, la dominante sociale sont étudiées. Les styles interactifs basés sur les mesures observationnelles sont comparés aux styles interactifs créés à partir des questionnaires d'évaluation des comportements sociaux (QECS) remplis par les enseignantes et les enseignants. L'influence de l'âge, du type d'activité et des caractéristiques des groupes de pairs est examinée au regard de l'expression des conduites. Douze garçons réputés agressifs ont participé à l'âge de 9 ans, 1 1 ans et 15 ans à des activités de groupe avec 31 garçons réputés agressifs et 17 garçons non agressifs. Les séances d'activité ont été filmées afin de permettre l'observation différée. La technique d'observation dite par centration focale est privilégiée. Les résultats portant sur les mesures observationnelles indiquent que les garçons présentent des styles très diversifiés. L'examen des composantes indique qu'il y a beaucoup de variabilité selon les facteurs temporel et situationnel. Les sujets-cibles émettent plus de prosocialité que toutes autres conduites. Les analyses mettent en évidence un effet significatif d'activité. Les garçons manifestent plus de prosocialité et de dominance prosociale à la collation alors qu'ils émettent plus de conduites liées à la dominance sociale lors du casse-tête. L'âge tend à avoir une certaine influence. Les garçons manifestent plus de prosocialité et de dominance sociale à l'âge de 9 ans qu'à l’âge de 11 ans. Les analyses portant sur le jugement des enseignantes et des enseignants lors d'évaluation en milieu scolaire révèlent qu'il y a peu de concordance d'un point d'évaluation à l'autre au point de vue de la prosocialité et de l'agression. De même, il existe peu de concordance entre le jugement des enseignantes et des enseignants versus les mesures observationnelles. Les enseignantes et les enseignants sur-évaluent les conduites d'agression et sous-évaluent les conduites prosociales plus souvent que ne le font les observatrices. En milieu scolaire, les enseignantes et les enseignants jugent qu'avec le temps, les garçons présentent significativement moins d'agression tandis que les conduites prosociales demeurent peu élevées tout au long de l'étude. Un regard critique est porté sur le Questionnaire d'évaluation des comportements sociaux. Les analyses portant sur le phénomène de similarité et de dissimilarité révèlent un phénomène de similarité entre les sujets et leur groupe d'activité à l'âge de neuf ans et à l'âge de 11 ans. À l'âge de 15 ans, les sujets émettent significativement moins de conduites d'agression que leur groupe d'activité, en fait, ils n'en émettent pas. Cependant, ils émettent autant de prosocialité, de dominance sociale et de dominance prosociale. Dans l'ensemble, les analyses révèlent que le style interactif des garçons réputés agressifs présenterait une certaine plasticité. Ces garçons auraient donc une capacité de s'adapter selon les situations et les caractéristiques des groupes de pairs. Un échantillon plus grand de sujets permettrait d'effectuer des analyses par catégorisation.