Body and transcendence in Virginia Woolf and Clarice Lispector = Corpo e transcendência em Virgínia Woolf e Clarice Lispector

Virginia Woolf and Clarice Lispector belong to quite different historical, political and cultural contexts. Beyond its antecedents and roots in European modernism, Brazilian modernism developed according to peculiar patterns and lines, cultivating, for example, more clearly political, nationalist and regionalist tendencies than happened in the British area. Molly Hite’s essay “Virginia Woolf’s Two Bodies” suggests the existence of two kinds of body represented and perhaps experienced by Virginia Woolf: “one kind was the body for others, the body cast in social roles”, the other, the “visionary body”, a second physical presence, which brings into play new perspectives on the female modernist body and new strategies of political and aesthetic representation. It is this “visionary body”, that, in many moments, intersects with transcendence. These two kinds of body are also present in Clarice Lispector’s work, structured, of course, around other complexities and gradations, explained by a different temporal context, but still touching common seminal questions. In Lispector, it is through the body cast in social roles that you reach the “visionary body” and transcendence. The movement is not a flight, as in Woolf, on the contrary it is a necessity, a condition to get to the essence.

Fluvial system restoration – case study: river Tua

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, Perfil de Engenharia de Sistemas Ambientais

Modulation of α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina

Reconceptualising public spaces of (IN)equality: sensing and creating layers of visibility

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Geografia e Planeamento Territorial - Especialidade: Geografia Humana

FSR Quorum Sensing: Role in Enterococcus faecalis Biology & Host Infection

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology.

Assessment of Notch1 ligands production - key protein targets in breast cancer

Cell-to-cell communication is required for many biological processes in development and adult life. One of the most common systems utilized by a wide range of eukaryotes is the Notch signalling pathway. Four Notch receptors and five ligands have been identified in mammals that interact via their extracellular domains leading to transcription activation. Studies have shown that the Notch ligands expression is undetectable in normal breast tissues, but moderate to high expression has been detected in breast cancer. Thus, any of the Notch1 ligands can be studied as possible therapeutic targets for breast cancer. To study Notch pathway proteins there is the need to obtain stable protein solutions. E. coli is the host of excellence for recombinant proteins for the ease of use, fast growth and high cell densities. However, the expression of mammalian proteins in such systems may overwhelm the bacterial cellular machinery, which does not possess the ability for post-translational modifications, or dedicated compartments for protein synthesis. Mammalian cells are therefore preferred, despite their technical and financial increased demands. We aim to determine the best expression and purification conditions for the different ligand protein constructs, to develop specific function-blocking antibodies using the Phage Display technology. Moreover, we propose to crystallize the Notch1 ligands alone and in complex with the phage display selected antibodies, unveiling molecular details. hJag2DE3 and hDll1DE6 proteins were purified from refolded inclusion bodies or mammalian cell culture supernatants, respectively, and purity was confirmed by SDS-PAGE (>95%). Protein produced in mammalian cells showed to be more stable, apparently with the physiological disulfide pattern, contrary to what was observed in the refolded protein. Several nano-scale crystallization experiments were set up in 96-well plates, but no positive result was obtained. We will continue to pursue for the best expression for the Notch ligand constructs in both expression systems.

Dissecting gastrointestinal dysfunction and inflammation in a “pre-motor” rodent model of Parkinson’s disease

Research on Parkinson’s disease (PD) has mainly focused on the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of nigro-striatal (NS) pathway; also, post-mortem studies have demonstrated that the noradrenergic and the serotonergic transmitter systems are also affected (Jellinger, 1999). Degeneration of these neuronal cell bodies is generally thought to start prior to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the NS pathway and precedes the appearance of the motor symptoms that are the “hallmark” of PD. Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is often disturbed in PD, manifesting chiefly as impaired gastric emptying and constipation. These GI dysfunction symptoms may be the result of a loss in noradrenergic and serotonergic innervation. GI deficits were evaluated using an organ bath technique. Groups treated with different combinations of neurotoxins (6-OHDA alone, 6-OHDA + pCA or 6-OHDA + DSP-4) presented significant differences in gut contractility compared to control groups. Since a substantial body of literature suggests the presence of an inflammatory process in parkinsonian state (Whitton, 2007), changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gut were assessed using a cytokine microarray. It has been found in this work that groups with a combined dopaminergic and noradrenergic lesion have a significant increase in both expressions of IL-13 and VEGF. IL-6 also shows a decrease in treatment groups; however this decrease did not reach statistical significance. The therapeutic value of Exendin-4 (EX-4) was evaluated. It has been previously demonstrated that EX-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, is neuroprotective in rodent models of PD (Harkavyi et al., 2008). In this thesis it has been found that EX-4 was able to reverse a decrease in gut contractility obtained through intracerebral bilateral 6-OHDA injection. Although more studies are required, EX-4 could be used as a possible therapy for the GI symptoms prominent in the early stages of PD.

Caracterização dos beneficiários do Programa De volta para casa de Belo Horizonte/MG/Brasil quanto à autonomia e comportamento social

RESUMO: INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo, em etapa única, cujo objetivo foi traçar o perfil dos beneficiários do Programa De volta para casa (PVC), munícipes de Belo Horizonte / Minas Gerais / Brasil, quanto ás habilidades de vida independente (autonomia) e comportamento social. MÉTODO: O universo inicial de beneficiários era de 210, em julho de 2013, data de aprovação do protocolo. Por questões operacionais, o público-alvo considerado e estudado foi de 121 beneficiários. Foram utilizados como instrumentos as escalas Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) e Social Behavior Scale (SBS). Foi feita a análise estatística dos dados e os resultados foram analisados à luz do paradigma emergente de produção social da saúde. RESULTADOS: Considerando o total válido estudado de 121 beneficiários, os resultados revelaram que 82,4% apresentam diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e 62% eram do sexo masculino. Apresentaram média de idade de 57,9 anos e tempo médio de internação psiquiátrica antes de inserção no programa de 30,9 anos. Quanto à autonomia, os resultados da ILSS revelaram uma média global de 1,6 sendo que os melhores índices foram alcançados nos subitens Cuidados pessoais (2,69), Alimentação (2,53), Saúde (2,07) e os piores índices foram encontrados nos subitens Emprego (0,47), Lazer (0,86) e Preparo e armazenamento de alimentos (0,98). Quanto aos problemas no comportamento social, os resultados da SBS revelaram uma média global de 0,69 sendo que as áreas de maiores dificuldade foram: Rir ou falar sozinho (40,5%), Incoerência da fala (29%), Auto-cuidado precário e Pouca atividade (ambas com 25,6% cada). As áreas de menores dificuldades, ainda quanto à SBS, foram: Idéias suicidas 92,4%), Comportamento sexual inapropriado (7,4%) e Depressão (9,9%). CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o perfil dos beneficiários do PVC, quanto à autonomia e aos problemas de comportamento social, aponta para médias relativamente baixas. O desafio para o enfrentamento desta questão deverá considerar estratégias múltiplas de ação à luz do paradigma emergente de saúde e da reabilitação psicossocial que priorize o empoderamento e protagonismo do beneficiário. É necessário o desenvolvimento de outros estudos que ampliem o evidenciamento desta clientela no que tange às suas reais necessidades e potencialidades para que se possa efetivar o ajuste necessário para a legitimação do programa enquanto ação efetivo-eficaz de promoção de saúde.-------------ABSTRACT: descriptive cross-sectional study in a single stage was conducted to investigate independent living skills and social behavior profile of beneficiaries of Programa De Volta para casa (PVC) who live in Belo Horizonte/Minas Gerais/Brazil. METHODS: The target population included a total of 210 individuals in july 2013, when the study was approved by the ethics committees. Because of operational reasons only 121 individuals were evaluated. Data were collected using the Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) and the Social Behavior Scale (SBS). Statistical results were analyzed considering as a reference framework both the emerging paradigm of social health production. RESULTS: Considering a sample of 121 individuals, results revealed that 82.4% were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 62% were male. The mean age was 57.9 years and the mean stay in the psychiatric hospital prior to PVC was 30.9 years. Independent living skills measured by ILSS revealed a global mean of 1.6, and the best scores were in the following subscales: personal care (2.69), feeding (2.53) and health (2.07). On the other hand, the worst scores were in the following subscales: employment (0.47), leisure (0.86) and food preparation (0.98). Impairment of social functioning measured by SBS revealed a global mean of 0.69, and the best scores were in the following subscales: laughing and talking by itself (40.5%), conversation: incoherence (29%), appearance and personal hygiene (25.6%), and idleness (25.6%). The worst scores were in the following subscales: suicidal ideations (92.4%), improper sexual behavior (7.4%), and depression (9.9%). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the profile of PVC beneficiaries, regarding their autonomy and their problems of social behavior, points to a relatively low average. The challenge of facing this issue should consider multiple strategies of intervention that prioritizes the empowerment and leadership of the beneficiaries, based on the emerging paradigm of health and psychosocial rehabilitation as a reference framework. The development of other studies that expand the evidencing of this target population with respect to their real needs and capabilities in order to carry out the necessary adjustments for the legitimacy of the program as effective health promotion action is required.

A participação da sociedade civil no processo de elaboração das leis federais brasileiras

The public consultation is a methodology for the interaction between the bodies responsible for drafting the law and the parties likely to be affected or to be interested in normative acts in question. This work seeks to encourage the use of public consultation in the process of elaboration of the Brazilian law. Therefore, some aspect of the knowledge area called Science of Legislation, with attention to the concept of “quality of the law” and to of the public consultation tool are addressed. We present the advantages of preparing public consultation mainly in the case of proposals that impose costs or benefits relevant to the economic agents involved in or promoting major change in the distribution of resources in society. Finally, it discusses the Brazilian legislative procedure and what the Brazilian law requires from legislative projects forwarded to the National Congress, as well as build a synthesis of the tools and the exiting possibilities of participation in the Brazilian context of elaboration of norms.