Advances in high power semiconductor diode lasers - art. no. 682402

High power semiconductor lasers have broad applications in the fields of military and industry. Recent advances in high power semiconductor lasers are reviewed mainly in two aspects: improvements of diode lasers performance and optimization of packaging architectures of diode laser bars. Factors which determine the performance of diode lasers, such as power conversion efficiency, temperature of operation, reliability, wavelength stabilization etc., result from a combination of new semiconductor materials, new diode structures, careful material processing of bars. the latest progress of today's high-power diode lasers at home and abroad is briefly discussed and typical data are presented. The packaging process is of decisive importance for the applicability of high-power diode laser bars, not only technically but also economically. The packaging techniques include the material choosing and the structure optimizing of heat-sinks, the bonding between the array and the heat-sink, the cooling and the fiber coupling, etc. The status of packaging techniques is stressed. There are basically three different diode package architectural options according to the integration grade. Since the package design is dominated by the cooling aspect,. different effective cooling techniques are promoted by different package architectures and specific demands. The benefit and utility of each package are strongly dependent upon the fundamental optoelectronic properties of the individual diode laser bars. Factors which influence these properties are outlined and comparisons of packaging approaches for these materials are made. Modularity of package for special application requirements is an important developing tendency for high power diode lasers.

Web Services Workflows—Composition, Co-Ordination, and Transactions in Service-Oriented Computing

Web services can be seen as a newly emerging research area for Service-oriented Computing and their implementation in Service-oriented Architectures. Web services are self-contained, self-describing modular applications or components providing services. Web services may be dynamically aggregated, composed, and enacted as Web services Workflows. This requires frameworks and interaction protocols for their co-ordination and transaction support. In a Service-oriented Computing setting, transactions are more complex, involve multiple parties (roles), span many organizations, and may be long-running, consisting of a highly decentralized service partner and performed by autonomous entities. A Service-oriented Transaction Model has to provide comprehensive support for long-running propositions including negotiations, conversations, commitments, contracts, tracking, payments, and exception handling. Current transaction models and mechanisms including their protocols and primitives do not sufficiently cater for quality-aware and long running transactions comprising loosely-coupled (federated) service partners and resources. Web services transactions require co-ordination behavior provided by a traditional transaction mechanism to control the operations and outcome of an application. Furthermore, Web services transactions require the capability to handle the co-ordination of processing outcomes or results from multiple services in a more flexible manner. This requires more relaxed forms of transactions—those that do not strictly have to abide by the ACID properties—such as loosely-coupled collaboration and workflows. Furthermore, there is a need to group Web services into applications that require some form of correlation, but do not necessarily require transactional behavior. The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review and overview of some proposed standards surrounding Web services composition, co-ordination, and transaction. In particular the Business Process Execution Language for Web services (BPEL4WS), its co-ordination, and transaction frameworks (WS-Co-ordination and WS-Transaction) are discussed.

基于软件体系结构的集成适配器集成模式研究

集成适配器是构建分布应用集成的重要组件之一，能够完成应用程序间的连接、介入及转换等功能，屏蔽了应用集成复杂性.尽管集成适配器在分布应用集成中起到关键性的作用，但是目前缺少对集成适配器系统性的研究.本文通过调查分析已有的适配器，给出集成适配器的基本特征并从多个视角归纳总结了集成适配器的类型，进一步分析了集成适配器的集成模式.通过对集成适配器集成模式的研究，可以为不同集成场景提供解决方案并决定其适用范围，支持适配器的快速实现.最后，以资源适配器为例说明集成模式的应用.

多语言Web网站的结构与实现方法

简化多语言Web网站服务的管理与开发。在实践中，管理与开发多语言网站的大部分工作是保持网站的各种信息之间相互独立。在开发与管理多语言网站的过程中有许多与人相关的角色，如设计人员、实施人员（如程序员）、系统管理员、翻译人员与用户等角色。按照这些不同的角色对网站的各种信息进行严格分类，并保持在同一个网站中这些分类后的信息相互独立，也就是说负责翻译的人员不需要看到脚本语言，如JavaScript。同样，图形设计人员也不需要精通多种语言，也不必在多种语言环境中工作。从以上方面论述如何设计及实现多语言网站．

Design for an IO block array in a tile-based FPGA

A design for an IO block array in a tile-based FPGA is presented.Corresponding with the characteristics of the FPGA, each IO cell is composed of a signal path, local routing pool and configurable input/output buffers.Shared programmable registers in the signal path can be configured for the function of JTAG, without specific boundary scan registers/latches, saving layout area.The local routing pool increases the flexibility of routing and the routability of the whole FPGA.An auxiliary power supply is adopted to increase the performance of the IO buffers at different configured IO standards.The organization of the IO block array is described in an architecture description file, from which the array layout can be accomplished through use of an automated layout assembly tool.This design strategy facilitates the design of FPGAs with different capacities or architectures in an FPGA family series.The bond-out schemes of the same FPGA chip in different packages are also considered.The layout is based on SMIC 0.13μm logic 1P8M salicide 1.2/2.5 V CMOS technology.Our performance is comparable with commercial SRAM-based FPGAs which use a similar process.

基于Nios-Ⅱ用于加速器监控系统的通用型可重配置嵌入式微控制器

FPGA and dedicated micro-controller chips are widely used in HIRFL-CSR monitor and control systems.This paper discusses the characteristics of HIRFL-CSR s dedicated micro-controllers and it s requirement for micro-controllers. Using programmable technology and Nios-Ⅱ processor,we have designed and implemented a reconfigurable embedded micro(controller in altera cycloneⅡ2c35f484 FPGA. The micro-controller which has low hardware cost and 185 MHz maximum operating frequency can replace the dedicated micro-cont...中文文摘：讨论并参考了冷却储存环目前使用的专用微控制器的特点和其对微控制器的需求,采用可编程技术和Nios-Ⅱ处理器,在altera-cycloneII2c35f484芯片内实现可重构微控制器。该微控制器硬件资源消耗少,最大工作频率可达185MHz,可代替目前在监控系统中大量使用的专用微控制器芯片,减小硬件设计复杂度、节约成本。

The further understanding of chain topology effect on the properties of single polymer in good solvent: Special behaviors of single tadpole chain

Chain topology strongly affects the static and dynamic properties of polymer melts and polymers in dilute solution. For different chain architectures, such as ring and linear polymers, the molecular size and the diffusion behavior are different. To further understand the chain topology effect on the static and dynamic properties of polymers, we focus on the tadpole polymer which consists of a cyclic chain attached with one or more linear tails. It is found that both the number and the length of linear tails play important roles on the properties of the tadpole polymers in dilute solution. For the tadpole polymers with fixed linear tail length and number, with increasing the degree of polymerization of tadpole polymers, a transition from linear-like to ring-like behavior is observed for both the static and dynamic properties.

Construction of coordination networks with high connectivity: a new 8-connected self-penetrating network based on tetranuclear metal clusters

Two highly connected cobalt(II) and zinc(II) coordination polymers with tetranuclear metal clusters as the nodes of network have been prepared, being the first example of an 8-connected self-penetrating net based on a cross-linked alpha-Po subnet.

Assembly of supramolecular compounds with water-soluble calix[4]arenes

Three new copper compounds, Cu-2[C12H8N2](2)[C28H2OS4O16][H2O](11.9) (1), Cu-2[C12H8N2](3)[C28H20S4O16][H2O](5) (2), and Cu-2[C12H8N2](4)[C24H12S8O16][H2O](10.5) (3), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray diffraction and TG-DTA analyses. Interestingly, Compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized in a one-pot reaction. Complexes 1 and 3 contain capsule units, which are further assembled into three-dimensional (3-D) architectures with a-Po-related topology by pi-pi stacking and/or hydrogen-bonding interactions.

Self-assembly of lambda-DNA networks/Ag nanoparticles: Hybrid architecture and active-SERS substrate

In this article, highly rough and stable surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-active substrates had been fabricated by a facile layer by-layer technique. Unique lambda-DNA networks and CTAB capped silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were alternatively self-assembled on the charged mica surface until a desirable number of bilayers were reached. The as-prepared hybrid architectures were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal Raman microscopy, respectively.

Monodisperse Co-oligomer Approach toward Nanostructured Films with Alternating Donor-Acceptor Lamellae

A series of donor-acceptor (D-A) co-oligomers with oligo(fluorene-alt-bithiophene) and perylene diimide as donor and acceptor segments, respectively, have been designed and synthesized. They can self-assembly into alternating D-A lamellar nanostructured films with the periods depending on the molecular length. These films have been successfully used in fabrication of high-performance single-molecular solar cells with power conversion efficiency up to 1.50%.

Controlled Synthesis of Ln(3+) (Ln = Tb, Eu, Dy) and V5+ Ion-Doped YPO4 Nano-/Microstructures with Tunable Luminescent Colors

YPO4 nano/microcrystals with multiform crystal phases and morphologies, such as hexagonal nano/submicroprisms, spherical-like nanoparticles, and nanorods with different length/diameter ratios as well as tetragonal nanospindles, have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. A series of controlled experiments indicate that the pH values in the initial solution, phosphorus sources, and the organic additive trisodium citrate (Cit(3-)) are responsible for crystal phase and shape determination of final products. It is found that Cit(3-) as a ligand and shape modifier has the dynamic effect by adjusting the growth rate of different facets under different experimental conditions, resulting in the formation of various geometries of the final products. The possible formation mechanisms for products with diverse architectures have been presented.

Shape-controllable synthesis and upconversion properties of lutetium fluoride (doped with Yb3+/Er3+) microcrystals by hydrothermal process

Lutetium fluorides with different compositions, crystal phases, and morphologies, such as beta-NaLuF4 hexagonal microprisms, microdisks, mirotubes, alpha-NaLuF4 submicrospheres, LuF3 octahedra, and NH4Lu2F7 icosahedra, prolate ellipsoids and spherical particles have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the samples. The intrinsic structural feature of lutetium fluorides, the solution pH values, F- sources, and organic additives (Cit(3-) and EDTA) account for the ultimate shape evolutions of the final products. The possible formation mechanisms for products with various architectures have been presented. Additionally, we investigated the upconversion luminescence properties of beta-NaLuF4: 20% Yb3+/2% Er3+ with different morphologies.

Synthesis of mesoporous YF3 nanoflowers via solvent extraction route

Mesoporous YF3 nanoflowers were successfully prepared via solvent extraction route. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that these nanoflowers with uneven porous architectures had a spherical shape and were consisted of many YF3 nanosheets with a thickness of about 15 not. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was used to check the chemical composition and purity of the products. YF3 nanoflowers had bimodal mesoporous distribution and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 116 m(2)/g.

Different microstructures of ss-NaYF4 fabricated by hydrothermal process: Effects of pH values and fluoride sources

beta-NaYF4 microcrystals with a variety of morphologies, such as microrod, hexagonal microprism, and octadecahedron, have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to characterize the samples. The intrinsic structural feature of beta-NaYF4 seeds and two important external factors, namely, the pH values in the initial reaction solution and fluoride sources, are responsible for shape determination of beta-NaYF4 microcrystals. It is found that the organic additive trisodium citrate (Cit(3-)) as a shape modifier has the dynamic effect by adjusting the growth rate of different facets under different experimental conditions, resulting in the formation of the anisotropic geometries of various beta-NaYF4 microcrystals. The possible formation mechanisms for products with various architectures have been presented. A systematic study on the photoluminescence of Tb3+-doped beta-NaYF4 samples with rod, prism, and octadecahedral shapes has shown that the optical properties of these phosphors are strongly dependent on their morphologies and sizes.