Autonomy in English language learning: a case study

The main goal of this study was to analyse the development of a pedagogy for autonomy tuned to the current situation in which Higher Education finds itself, namely of implementation of the Bologna Process in Europe, and in particular at the Escola Superior Agrária of the Polytechnic School at Coimbra. For this purpose new course units were created, new descriptors written, new materials developed and new methodologies tried. A case study was undertaken to observe and analyse the changes the institution was undergoing and to assess the impact of the new methodologies, particularly regarding the development of student autonomy. The target population for this study were the first year students on the Biotechnology degree in the year 2007/2008, to whom a battery of tests were applied, namely proficiency tests, belief tests, metacognitive tests, as well as methods of ethnographic research. The study relied on the European Framework of Reference for Languages and the European Language Portfolio to establish recognised levels and competences, and employed the portfolio as its main tool for measuring student autonomy. This portfolio was simultaneously biographical and descriptive and was organised by the students in their own time. Great incentive was given to this independent work. The ethnographic component of the study was of significant importance being given to students learning histories and to the collection of students’ reflections. This component aimed in particular to allow students the opportunity to express their thoughts on the experience they underwent during 20 weeks. From the analysis of the data, a significant improvement in self-confidence and motivation for lifelong learning is observable in the development of multiple tasks. Regarding the students’ progression towards proficiency, this improvement is less clear, but the final results of educational success were generally of great relevance.

Chemical vapour deposition of vanadium oxide thermochromic thin films

Thermochromic materials change optical properties, such as transmittance or reflectance, with a variation in temperature. An ideal intelligent (smart) material will allow solar radiation in through a window in cold conditions, but reflect that radiation in warmer conditions. The variation in the properties is often associated with a phase change, which takes place at a definite temperature, and is normally reversible. Such materials are usually applied to window glass as thin films. This thesis presents the work on the development of thermochromic vanadium (IV) oxide (VO2) thin films – both undoped and doped with tungsten, niobium and gold nanoparticles – which could be employed as solar control coatings. The films were deposited using Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), using improved Atmospheric Pressure (APCVD), novel Aerosol Assisted (AACVD) and novel hybrid AP/AACVD techniques. The effects of dopants on the metalto- semiconductor transition temperature and transmittance/reflectance characteristics were also investigated. This work significantly increased the understanding of the mechanisms behind thermochromic behaviour, and resulted in thermochromic materials based on VO2 with greatly improved properties.

Avaliação do desempenho docente e o professor titular: um estudo de caso numa perspetiva organizacional

A avaliação do desempenho docente tem vindo a adquirir uma centralidade crescente nos contextos educativos. Para além de razões mais abrangentes que têm a ver com a importância gradual que a avaliação adquire nas políticas educativas, considera-se que a avaliação do desempenho docente contribui para a melhoria da qualidade do trabalho docente, das aprendizagens e dos resultados escolares dos alunos. As alterações do Estatuto da Carreira Docente introduziram, a partir de 2007, a par com um novo e mais exigente sistema de avaliação, a divisão da carreira em duas categorias – professor e professor titular. Os professores titulares passaram a desempenhar funções de avaliação e coordenação dos seus colegas. Estas mudanças trouxeram alterações significativas na carreira, na profissão e no trabalho docente. O propósito deste estudo foi pesquisar, do ponto de vista da análise organizacional, o modo como foi percecionado pelos docentes o processo de avaliação do desempenho (relativo ao ciclo 2007-2009), centrando-nos, em particular, no papel desempenhado pelos professores titulares num modelo de avaliação por pares e num quadro legal de verticalização da carreira docente. Desenvolvemos este estudo num agrupamento de escolas da zona centro do território continental português seguindo uma metodologia de estudo de caso. Como principais conclusões, e tendo em conta as lógicas organizacionais de que partimos, ressalta-se: i) ao nível da lógica burocrática, a burocratização e morosidade do concurso dos professores titulares, a complexidade dos procedimentos conducentes à implementação do sistema de avaliação e o formalismo na construção dos respetivos instrumentos; ii) dentro da lógica conflitual, as tensões decorrentes da discordância com a divisão da carreira entre professor e professor titular, a atribuição aos professores titulares da função avaliativa, não tendo estes sido reconhecidos pelos seus pares com legitimidade para os avaliar, e a existência de conflitos entre os diversos intervenientes; iii) na lógica artificial, o facto de este sistema de avaliação não ter implicado alterações significativas nas práticas, tendo em conta a exígua adesão dos professores à avaliação da componente cientifico-pedagógica, a ritualização de processos e o restringir-se ao cumprimento dos requisitos mínimos.