Functional magnetic resonance imaging in oncology: state of the art

In the investigation of tumors with conventional magnetic resonance imaging, both quantitative characteristics, such as size, edema, necrosis, and presence of metastases, and qualitative characteristics, such as contrast enhancement degree, are taken into consideration. However, changes in cell metabolism and tissue physiology which precede morphological changes cannot be detected by the conventional technique. The development of new magnetic resonance imaging techniques has enabled the functional assessment of the structures in order to obtain information on the different physiological processes of the tumor microenvironment, such as oxygenation levels, cellularity and vascularity. The detailed morphological study in association with the new functional imaging techniques allows for an appropriate approach to cancer patients, including the phases of diagnosis, staging, response evaluation and follow-up, with a positive impact on their quality of life and survival rate.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the chest in the evaluation of cancer patients: state of the art

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has several advantages in the evaluation of cancer patients with thoracic lesions, including involvement of the chest wall, pleura, lungs, mediastinum, esophagus and heart. It is a quite useful tool in the diagnosis, staging, surgical planning, treatment response evaluation and follow-up of these patients. In the present review, the authors contextualize the relevance of MRI in the evaluation of thoracic lesions in cancer patients. Considering that MRI is a widely available method with high contrast and spatial resolution and without the risks associated with the use of ionizing radiation, its use combined with new techniques such as cine-MRI and functional methods such as perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging may be useful as an alternative tool with performance comparable or complementary to conventional radiological methods such as radiography, computed tomography and PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of patients with thoracic neoplasias.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in children: state of the art

Whole-body imaging in children was classically performed with radiography, positron-emission tomography, either combined or not with computed tomography, the latter with the disadvantage of exposure to ionizing radiation. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in association with the recently developed metabolic and functional techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging, has brought the advantage of a comprehensive evaluation of pediatric patients without the risks inherent to ionizing radiation usually present in other conventional imaging methods. It is a rapid and sensitive method, particularly in pediatrics, for detecting and monitoring multifocal lesions in the body as a whole. In pediatrics, it is utilized for both oncologic and non-oncologic indications such as screening and diagnosis of tumors in patients with genetic syndromes, evaluation of disease extent and staging, evaluation of therapeutic response and post-therapy follow-up, evaluation of non neoplastic diseases such as multifocal osteomyelitis, vascular malformations and syndromes affecting multiple regions of the body. The present review was aimed at describing the major indications of whole-body MRI in pediatrics added of technical considerations.

Understanding Flood Regime Changes in Europe: a state-of-the-art assessment

There is growing concern that flooding is becoming more frequent and severe in Europe. A better understanding of flood regime changes and their drivers is therefore needed. The paper reviews the current knowledge on flood regime changes in European rivers that has traditionally been obtained through two alternative research approaches. The first approach is the data-based detection of changes in observed flood events. Current methods are reviewed together with their challenges and opportunities. For example, observation biases, the merging of different data sources and accounting for nonlinear drivers and responses. The second approach consists of modelled scenarios of future floods. Challenges and opportunities associated with flood change scenarios are discussed such as fully accounting for uncertainties in the modelling cascade and feedbacks. To make progress in flood change research, we suggest that a synthesis of these two approaches is needed. This can be achieved by focusing on long duration records and flood-rich and flood-poor periods rather than on short duration flood trends only, by formally attributing causes of observed flood changes, by validating scenarios against observed flood regime dynamics, and by developing low-dimensional models of flood changes and feedbacks. The paper finishes with a call for a joint European flood change research network.

Travelling in a Palimpsest : Finnish nineteenth-century painters' encounters with Spanish art and culture

Utgångspunkten för avhandlingen är finländska konstnärsresor till Spanien under 1800-talet, och kontakterna med spansk konst och kultur. Endast ett fåtal finländare reste till Spanien, och inledningsvis utrycktes intresset för spansk konst i form av kopior efter gamla mästare, utförda både efter original utanför Spanien, och reproduktioner. Denna föga imponerande start efterföljdes av ett litet antal målare som verkligen reste till Spanien under 1800-talets senare hälft: Adolf von Becker (1831–1909), Albert Edelfelt (1854–1905) och Venny Soldan (1863–1945). Jag undersöker hur deras syn på landet manifesterades i deras resebilder i förhållande till den växande turistindustrin. Syftet med avhandlingen är att visa hur den resande målaren, likt en turist, föreställde sig, upplevde och tolkade den främmande kulturen, och hur detta avbildades och uttrycktes i deras resebilder. Vid sidan av ikonografisk analys och stilkritik utnyttjas forskningsmetoder från turismteorin. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de flesta konstnärerna dyrkade konsten på Prado-museet, beundrade flamenco, Andalusiens vackra kvinnor, tjurfäktningar och zigenarna. De längtade efter en förgången och exotisk tid, samtidigt som de följde de vältrampade turiststigarna och hänfördes av de sedvanliga sevärdheterna; de reste i ett delvis mytiskt och delvis verkligt land. Likt turister (i allmänhet), såg de det de ville se, och sökte sig till på förhand inpräntade mentala (före)bilder. Resebilderna kan med fog tolkas som medvetet konstruerade minnen från resan, souvenirs d’Espagne. Samtidigt förstärkte och upprätthöll valen av motiv uppfattningen att Spaniens äldre konst och samtida kultur var mer ”äkta” (autentiska) än den kultur man själv tillhörde. Spanien uppfattades som en kvarleva från en förgången tid som hölls levande i nuet

Herrn Johann Gerhard Schellers, ehemaligen Pastoris zu Hermstedt und Stobra Reise-Beschreibung nach Lappland und Bothnien : worinnen sowohl die dasige Landes-Art in deutlichen Abtheilungen und nöthigen Figuren aus eigenem Augenschein, gezeiget, als auch die Gelegenheit zur Reise und Rückreise kürtzlich angeführet wird : abermahls dem Druck übergeben von Gottlieb David Friedrich Scheller Rev. Min. Candid.

Digital reproduction, The National Library of Finland, Centre for Preservation and Digitisation, Mikkeli

Defining the art of grammar: Ancient perceptions of γραμματική and grammatical

The subject of this dissertation, which belongs to the field of Classical Philology, are the definitions of the art of grammar found in Greek and Latin sources from the Classical era to the second century CE. Definitions survive from grammarians, philosophers, and general scholars. I have examined these definitions from two main points of view: how they are formed, and how they reflect the development of the art itself. Defining formed part of dialectic, in practice also of rhetoric, and was perceived as important from the Classical era onwards. Definitions of grammar seem to have become established as part of preliminary discussions, located at the beginning of grammatical manuals (tékhnai, artes). These discussions included certain principal notions of the art; in addition to the definition, a list of the parts of the art was also typically included. These lists were formed by two different methods: division (diaíresis, divisio) and partition (merismós, partitio). Many of the grammarians may actually have been unfamiliar with these methods, unlike the two most important scholars of the Late Republic, Varro and Cicero. Significant attention was devoted to the question whether the art of grammar is based on lógos or empeiría. This epistemological question had its roots in medical theories, which were prominent in Alexandria. In the history of the concept of grammatiké or grammatica, three stages become evident. In the Classical era, the Greek term is used to refer to a very concrete art of letters (grámmata); from the Hellenistic era onwards it refers to the art developed by the Alexandrian scholars, a matter of textual and literary criticism. Towards the end of the Hellenistic era, the grammarian also becomes involved with the question of correct language, which gradually begins to appear in the definitions as well.

Waste Management in Commercial Activity: State-of-the-Art and the Potential Innovation in the Urban Areas of Hanoi, Vietnam

As the rapid development of the society as well as the lifestyle, the generation of commercial waste is getting more complicated to control. The situation of packaging waste and food waste – the main fractions of commercial waste in different countries in Europe and Asia is analyzed in order to evaluate and suggest necessary improvements for the existing waste management system in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. From all waste generation sources of the city, a total amount of approximately 4000 tons of mixed waste is transported to the composting facility and the disposal site, which emits a huge amount of 1,6Mt of GHG emission to the environment. Recycling activity is taking place spontaneously by the informal pickers, leads to the difficulty in managing the whole system and uncertainty of the overall data. With a relative calculation, resulting in only approximately 0,17Mt CO2 equivalent emission, incinerator is suggested to be the solution of the problem with overloaded landfill and raising energy demand within the inhabitants.

Casus vulneris cum fractura olecrani et ruptura ancyloseos verae complicati; quem venia exper. fac. med. praeside Joh. Agap. Törngren, m. d. chir. [et] art. obst. professore p. [et] o. Pro gradu medico publicae submittit censurae Andreas Jacobus Hjertman, stip. publ. Obstrob. [!] In audit. med. die XXVI Octob. MDCCCXVI, h. a. & p. m. s

Dedikaatio: Carolus Mannerheim.

Manipulating Greek musical modes and tempo affects perceived musical emotion in musicians and nonmusicians

The combined influence of tempo and mode on emotional responses to music was studied by crossing 7 changes in mode with 3 changes in tempo. Twenty-four musicians aged 19 to 25 years (12 males and 12 females) and 24 nonmusicians aged 17 to 25 years (12 males and 12 females) were required to perform two tasks: 1) listening to different musical excerpts, and 2) associating an emotion to them such as happiness, serenity, fear, anger, or sadness. ANOVA showed that increasing the tempo strongly affected the arousal (F(2,116) = 268.62, mean square error (MSE) = 0.6676, P < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, the valence of emotional responses (F(6,348) = 8.71, MSE = 0.6196, P < 0.001). Changes in modes modulated the affective valence of the perceived emotions (F(6,348) = 4.24, MSE = 0.6764, P < 0.001). Some interactive effects were found between tempo and mode (F (1,58) = 115.6, MSE = 0.6428, P < 0.001), but, in most cases, the two parameters had additive effects. This finding demonstrates that small changes in the pitch structures of modes modulate the emotions associated with the pieces, confirming the cognitive foundation of emotional responses to music.

'Art is the New Steel': Marketing Creative Urbanism in Twenty-First Century Hamilton, Ontario

As a major manufacturing hub in southern Ontario, Hamilton enjoyed considerable economic stability during the twentieth century. However, like most industrial-based cities, Hamilton’s role as a North American manufacturing producer has faded since the 1970’s. This has resulted in dramatic socio-economic impacts, most of which are centered on the inner city. There have been many attempts to revive the core. This includes Hamilton’s most recent urban renewal plans, based upon the principles of Richard Florida’s creative city hypothesis and Ontario’s Places to Grow Act (2005). Common throughout all of Hamilton’s urban renewal initiatives has been the role of the local press. In this thesis I conduct a discourse analysis of media based knowledge production. I show that the local press reproduces creative city discourses as local truths to substantiate and validate a revanchist political agenda. By choosing to celebrate the creative class culture, the local press fails to question its repercussions

Printed Blank by which John Brown Cullen solemnly declares that he is experienced in the art of measuring and culling timber

Printed blank by which John Brown Cullen solemnly declares that he is experienced in the art of measuring and culling timber. He states that he is entering into the service of Burton and Bro. of Barrie He will make out the specification of the timber in berths 192 and 198 and submit his findings to Burton and Brother, Oct. 22, 1877.