POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS VOLTADAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO LEITOR: O PROJETO HORA DA LEITURA

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar, a partir de uma abordagem políticoeducacional, os elementos teórico-metodológicos contidos no projeto Hora da Leitura, considerando-se os estudos de Bakhtin, Geraldi e Isabel Solé, articulandoos com o Referencial Curricular Nacional para a Educação Infantil, com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de 1ª a 4ª séries e de 5ª a 8ª séries , com a legislação referente ao projeto e com as condições administrativo-pedagógicas em que está sendo concretizado em escolas do estado de São Paulo. Tendo sido o projeto Hora da Leitura implantado em todas as escolas da rede estadual de ensino, a partir de 2005, procurou-se verificar em que medida os primeiros resultados têm mostrado ganhos para os alunos e professores. Nesse sentido, foi aplicado um questionário aos alunos de 7ª e 8ª séries, aos professores que atuam no projeto e aos professores coordenadores de quatro escolas da rede pública de ensino estadual. O resultado da pesquisa aponta para a ineficiência do projeto, no sentido de sanar o problema da incompetência leitora, em razão de sua superficialidade e também das condições em que é operacionalizado nas escolas públicas.(AU)

A INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR NA ESFERA PÚBLICA: CONCEPÇÕES E POSSIBILIDADES DE CONCRETIZAÇÃO

O presente estudo constitui-se uma análise sobre a Política de Inclusão do Aluno com Necessidade Educacional Especial (NEE) numa escola da rede regular de ensino. O objetivo central foi compreender os princípios e as propostas que definem a política nacional de educação especial, focando a inclusão dos portadores de necessidades educacionais especiais na rede regular de ensino procurando verificar quais dimensões de inclusão estão presentes no discurso tanto na documentação quanto na prática sobre inclusão. Inicialmente, a pesquisa procurou levantar, relatar e analisar os materiais bibliográficos publicados sobre as questões relativas à inclusão do aluno com NEE no sistema regular de ensino, principalmente a partir de 1988 período em que a Constituição Federal elege como um dos seus princípios a igualdade de condições de acesso e permanência na escola até 2006, quando dados publicados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais (INEP) comprovam que houve um aumento significativo das matrículas destes alunos nas escolas regulares. Entrevistas, depoimentos, documentos federais e municipais e dados censitários foram utilizados na análise. Através de algumas categorias de análise tiradas dos depoimentos foi possível identificar a socialização do indivíduo por meio da garantia do direito e integração à concepção de inclusão mais predominante. A necessidade de atendimento especializado ao aluno e aos que venham trabalhar com ele e preocupação com a falta de orientação no trabalho foi apontado como maior dificuldade. Entretanto, mesmo apresentando alguns problemas, evidencia-se uma posição favorável à inclusão dos alunos com NEE na educação regular na unidade pesquisada destacando a aceitação e as providências que a escola vem tomando quanto às adaptações realizadas para garantir educação de qualidade e acessibilidade. O desafio que se coloca às unidades de educação regular com a matrícula dos alunos com NEE é que estas possam contribuir para a efetivação deste direito por meio de uma educação que contribua para uma sociedade menos excludente.(AU)

ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE A ANÁLISE FACIAL SUBJETIVA E ANÁLISE CEFALOMÉTRICA DE TECIDOS MOLES NO DIAGNÓSTICO ORTODÔNTICO

O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar a concordância entre a Análise facial subjetiva, proposta por CAPELOZZA FILHO e a Análise Cefalométrica de Tecidos Moles, de ARNETT; McLAUGHLIN. Fotografias de frente e de perfil e telerradiografias em norma lateral padronizadas, de 50 indivíduos, com média de idade de 24 anos e 1 mês foram utilizadas para a avaliação. Verificou-se também nos indivíduos classificados como Padrão I, a correspondência dos valores médios e dos desvios-padrão das medidas obtidas, com os valores normativos da Análise Cefalométrica dos Tecidos Moles para os indivíd uos com harmonia facial. Constatou-se em indivíduos do Padrão I que os lábios sempre se encontram à frente da Linha Vertical Verdadeira, e que apesar de grandes variações do ponto pogônio, ainda é mantido o equilíbrio facial. Os resultados demonstraram que a Análise facial subjetiva eficiente na classificação do padrão facial.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS TICS E DA EDUCAÇÃO COMO PROCESSO COMUNICACIONAL DIALÓGICO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: Um Estudo da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul

Esta tese teve por objetivo saber como o corpo docente da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) percebe, entende e reage ante a incorporação e utilização das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) nos cursos de graduação dessa Instituição, considerando os novos processos comunicacionais dialógicos que elas podem proporcionar na sociedade atual. Metodologicamente, a tese é composta por pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando fundamentar as áreas da Educação e Comunicação, assim como a Educomunicação; pesquisa documental para contextualização do lócus da pesquisa e de uma pesquisa exploratória a partir da aplicação de um questionário online a 165 docentes da UEMS, que responderam voluntariamente. Verificou-se que os professores utilizam as TICs cotidianamente nas atividades pessoais e, em menor escala, nos ambientes profissionais. Os desafios estão em se formar melhor esse docente e oferecer capacitação continuada para que utilizem de forma mais eficaz as TICs nas salas de aula. Destaca-se ainda que os avanços em tecnologia e os novos ecossistemas comunicacionais construíram novas e outras realidades, tornando a aprendizagem um fator não linear, exigindo-se revisão nos projetos pedagógicos na educação superior para que estes viabilizem diálogos propositivos entre a comunicação e a educação. A infraestrutura institucional para as TICs é outro entrave apontado, tanto na aquisição como na manutenção desses aparatos tecnológicos pela Universidade. Ao final, propõe-se realizar estudos e pesquisas que possam discutir alterações nos regimes contratuais de trabalho dos docentes, uma vez que, para atuar com as TICs de maneira apropriada, exige-se mais tempo e dedicação do docente.

A INFLUÊNCIA DAS PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS DOCENTES E DAS BARREIRAS DISCENTES SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRIATIVIDADE DO FUTURO ADMINISTRADOR

As empresas que almejam garantir e melhorar sua posição dentro de em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo precisam estar sempre atualizadas e em constante evolução. Na busca contínua por essa evolução, investem em projetos de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D) e em seu capital humano para promover a criatividade e a inovação organizacional. As pessoas têm papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da inovação, mas para que isso possa florescer de forma constante é preciso comprometimento e criatividade para a geração de ideias. Criatividade é pensar o novo; inovação é fazer acontecer. Porém, encontrar pessoas com essas qualidades nem sempre é tarefa fácil e muitas vezes é preciso estimular essas habilidades e características para que se tornem efetivamente criativas. Os cursos de graduação podem ser uma importante ferramenta para trabalhar esses aspectos, características e habilidades, usando métodos e práticas de ensino que auxiliem no desenvolvimento da criatividade, pois o ambiente ensino-aprendizagem pesa significativamente na formação das pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo é de identificar quais fatores têm maior influência sobre o desenvolvimento da criatividade em um curso de graduação em administração, analisando a influência das práticas pedagógicas dos docentes e as barreiras internas dos discentes. O referencial teórico se baseia principalmente nos trabalhos de Alencar, Fleith, Torrance e Wechsler. A pesquisa transversal de abordagem quantitativa teve como público-alvo os alunos do curso de Administração de uma universidade confessional da Grande São Paulo, que responderam 465 questionários compostos de três escalas. Para as práticas docentes foi adaptada a escala de Práticas Docentes em relação à Criatividade. Para as barreiras internas foi adaptada a escala de Barreiras da Criatividade Pessoal. Para a análise da percepção do desenvolvimento da criatividade foi construída e validada uma escala baseada no referencial de características de uma pessoa criativa. As análises estatísticas descritivas e fatoriais exploratórias foram realizadas no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), enquanto as análises fatoriais confirmatórias e a mensuração da influência das práticas pedagógicas e das barreiras internas sobre a percepção do desenvolvimento da criatividade foram realizadas por modelagem de equação estrutural utilizando o algoritmo Partial Least Squares (PLS), no software Smart PLS 2.0. Os resultados apontaram que as práticas pedagógicas e as barreiras internas dos discentes explicam 40% da percepção de desenvolvimento da criatividade, sendo as práticas pedagógicas que exercem maior influencia. A pesquisa também apontou que o tipo de temática e o período em que o aluno está cursando não têm influência sobre nenhum dos três construtos, somente o professor influencia as práticas pedagógicas.

Global brands:The Evolution of Multinationals in Alcoholic Beverages. By Teresa da Silva Lopes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. xxii + 303 pp. Illustrations, tables, appendix, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $50.00. ISBN: 978-0-521-83397-4.

Book review

Os discursos sobre a educomunicação na rádio escolar: um estudo etnográfico e m uma escola pública

This research analyzes the discursive construction of Educommunication, from a training course of educommunicators, with teachers and students of school Profº Francisco Ivo Cavalcanti, state public school, geographically located in the city of Natal / RN, studying the constitution of the meanings that educommunication practice in School Radio acquires for trainers and course participants (teachers and students). The socio-historical context in which this research is based corresponds to the new social reality, mediated by information and communication Technologies. These technologies drive the educational institution to train students in the use of different languages that permeate society. But to do so, you must have also enabled teachers to work Communication technology to meet the aspirations of young people and adults who are part of the educational community. The objectives are to identify the conditions of discursive production around the educommunication practice in Radio School, examine the discursive construction of instructors and course participants in Educommunication and its dialogical brands, and see how the course participants relate to their educommunicative practice in the educational contexts, attributing meaning to the place of teachers and students. Therefore, this research uses ethnography applied to the school context as a methodological option, Pecheuxtian Discourse Analysis, the principles of Educommunication, the reflections of Paulo Freire and the concepts of Dialogism in Bakhtin as theoretical contributions. We adopted three areas of knowledge: Language, Communication and Education, in order to produce an analysis committed to the aspects that involve the use of radio in the school environment to promote an educommunicative practice. With this research we have built a web of meanings about the school that we are forming or we want to form in the XXI century, because we used the discourses of teachers and students immersed in new knowledge and practices in order to propel them to be subjects of communication in educational environment for a qualitative transformation of being and doing in school.

Avaliação da qualidade da assistência à mulher e ao filho durante o parto normal

The practices developed in the everyday life of obstetric services are sometimes out of step with the recommendations of the public health policies. Accordingly, this research had the objective of assessing the quality of the care provided to women and children during cases of natural childbirth in municipal public maternity wards of the city of Natal/RN, Brazilian Northeast. We developed a cross-sectional and quantitative study in two maternity wards that provide care actions to pregnant women at regular risk (maternity wards A and B). The participants were 314 puerperal women who were treated during the period between April and July 2014, whose children were born alive, through transpelvic way, with spontaneous or induced beginning of labor and that showed physical and emotional conditions to respond to the proposed questions. The data collection instrument was constructed on the basis of the recommendations of the World Health Organization focused on the care of normal childbirth and validated by skilled judges, and the final version has obtained optimum agreement (k = 0,96; IVC = 0,99). Associated with these recommendations, we used three indicators: percentage of women with induced labor or subjected to elective cesarean section (Indicator A); percentage of women served by a qualified health professional during labor and childbirth (Indicator B); and Bologna Index (Indicator C). The research obtained a favorable opinion of the Research Ethics Committee from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, under the nº 562.313 and Certificate of Presentation for Ethics Appreciation: 25958513.0.0000.5537. The analysis of categories related to the recommendations of the World Health Organization was conducted by means of absolute and relative frequency and the Chi-square Pearson’s and Fisher’s exact tests made the comparison of the differences observed between the two maternity wards. Furthermore, we calculated the percentage of the indicators A and B and with the results of the Indicator C, the quality was assessed as follows: the closer to 5, the better will be the quality, and the closer to 0, the worst will be the quality, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences of the obtained averages. The significance level of 5% was considered in all statistical tests. The differences between the maternity wards were identified with regard to the provision of liquids orally (p=0,018), stimulus for non-supine positions (p=0,002), existence of partograph (p=0,001), support or welcoming by health professionals (p= 0,047), intravenous infusion (p<0,001), supine position (p<0,001), use of oxytocin (p<0,001), food and liquid restriction (p= 0,002) and, lastly, the fact of the touch is performed by more than 1 examiner (p=0,011). The indicators A and B showed percentages of 13,09% and 100%, respectively. The overall average of the Indicator C was equal to 2,07 (± 0,74). There was a statistically significant difference between the averages of the maternity wards (p<0,001). The care actions provided during the process of labor and childbirth is inappropriate, especially in the maternity ward B. It is necessary to implement improvements and redesign the obstetric model in force

Simulação da destilação molecular de filme descendente para o petróleo

The heavy part of the oil can be used for numerous purposes, e.g. to obtain lubricating oils. In this context, many researchers have been studying alternatives such separation of crude oil components, among which may be mentioned molecular distillation. Molecular distillation is a forced evaporation technique different from other conventional processes in the literature. This process can be classified as a special distillation case under high vacuum with pressures that reach extremely low ranges of the order of 0.1 Pascal. The evaporation and condensation surfaces must have a distance from each other of the magnitude order of mean free path of the evaporated molecules, that is, molecules evaporated easily reach the condenser, because they find a route without obstacles, what is desirable. Thus, the main contribution of this work is the simulation of the falling-film molecular distillation for crude oil mixtures. The crude oil was characterized using UniSim® Design and R430 Aspen HYSYS® V8.5. The results of this characterization were performed in spreadsheets of Microsoft® Excel®, calculations of the physicochemical properties of the waste of an oil sample, i.e., thermodynamic and transport. Based on this estimated properties and boundary conditions suggested by the literature, equations of temperature and concentration profiles were resolved through the implicit finite difference method using the programming language Visual Basic® (VBA) for Excel®. The result of the temperature profile showed consistent with the reproduced by literature, having in their initial values a slight distortion as a result of the nature of the studied oil is lighter than the literature, since the results of the concentration profiles were effective allowing realize that the concentration of the more volatile decreases and of the less volatile increases due to the length of the evaporator. According to the transport phenomena present in the process, the velocity profile tends to increase to a peak and then decreases, and the film thickness decreases, both as a function of the evaporator length. It is concluded that the simulation code in Visual Basic® language (VBA) is a final product of the work that allows application to molecular distillation of petroleum and other similar mixtures.

Argumentação em foco: a perspectiva de avaliação do ENEM

Nowadays ENEM is the main large-scale evaluation instrument of Brazilian education. Universities also often use it in order to select their candidates. Reading exam seeks to evaluate student’s capacity of producing argumentative and dissertation prose writing about a social, scientific, cultural or political theme. This paper is located in this context: we want to discuss the evaluation of ENEM’s Writing Exam argumentation. Our startpoint is presuppose that the capacity to develop a well-argued text evaluation goes through several specific skills, which cover different aspects of what is understood about argumentation process. Therefore, considering argumentation as an object of different theoretical approaches and covers different concepts, we intend to verify not only the approaches, but also subjacent concepts and how they were converted into skills and competences established on the ENEM Writing Exam’s matrix of correction. With regard to the nature, it is a theoretical paper, in other words, we intend to offer only a discussion about the theme, not necessarily offering a practical application. Concerning to the goals, it has an exploratory character as we intend to offer a problem treatment, in order to make it more explicit and them construct some hypotheses. In these terms, we surveyed some theoretical approaches about argumentation and presented three conceptions: rhetorical argumentation, textual argumentation and linguistics argumentation. At next, we analyzed the participant’s guide (ENEM’s 2013 Writing Exam ) and how each one of these conceptions are mobilized in the writing evaluation, beginning from how they are considered on the description of competences and skills up to used on correction. This analysis shows that is not assumed a very well established theoretical base, which can contribute to a certain fragility on the Writing Exam evaluation process.

Avaliação dos impactos do uso do sistema de gestão hospitalar no Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes

The object of this study was motivated by the need to know the possible causes of differences in results achieved in the implementation of a Computerised Management System (CMS) in a Federal University Hospital, located in northeastern Brazil, to understand the factors that influenced the results in different groups when was used the same systems implementation methodologies. Considering the implication of managers, health professionals, other professionals involved and the existing organizational structure in the period when implantation occurred, aimed to know the perception of these people about the development of CMS in the deployment process in your group or sector and also in the organization.The methodology used in this study was the content analysis which provides a rich set of methodological tools for evaluating speeches,enabling us to discourse from the unknown analysis and subjectivity, but with scientific rigor, allowing, at the end, to understand the disparity in results in the implementation of CMS.It was used as a research tool, a semi-structured interview, which exploits a qualitative approach, as suggested by the authors. It was used the approach of the episodic interview, to be more narrative about the experiences of the interview participants in their practical experience along the CMS deployment process in the hospital.Were interviewed three groups of professional and a group of managers, all with higher education in their professions and who participated in the entire implementation process from the beginning.It followed the Bardin's methodology (2009) in all the phases of treatment and interpretation of data, where emerged three categories: the "Thought and Knowledge"; the "Practices and Changes"; the "Obtained Results". From the category "Thought and Knowledge"emerged three subcategories: the "Administrative", the "Institutional" and the "IT Knowledge". From the category "Practices and Changes" emerged three subcategories: "Reality Prior to CMS"; "The IT Project and the implementation of CMS" and "Impacts of the CMS Implementation". From the category "Results Obtained" emerged three subcategories: "Benefits Promoted by CMS", "Dissatisfaction Observed" and "Level of Use and Understanding CMS ". It was observed that the lack of integration of the sectors was a determinant problem in the implementation of CMS. The CMS implementation project was not well dimensioned and divulged in the institution. Different models of leaderships and of objectives of the sectors influenced in the course of the CMS implementation process. We can mention that an CMS should be a consolidation of organizational practices tool already institutionalized and of integration amongthe sectors and not supporting to isolated practices and personalistsfrom sectors of the institution.

Expectativas reprodutivas de pais e filhos: uma avaliação do conflito pais-prole

Reproduction is an essential part of humans species’ existence and survival. We are interested in securing it, and having a direct interest in the reproduction of those with whom we have strong genetic relationship. Trivers (1974) featured the parent-offspring conflict, as a divergence about the parents’ investment, which has been mainly studied in the early stages of children’s development. However, the divergence in investment can also be expressed at the time of the reproductive decisions of the offspring. Thus, we investigated whether parents and children have conflicting interests regarding reproductive expectations of the children, understanding reproductive expectations as desired age to marry, have children, have sexual intercourse and desired amount of children. We found that parents and children disagree on some of these points, we also find a more conservative expectation when it comes to daughters, reiterating the daughter-guarding hypothesis. When we consider how much help would be given towards the up bringing of a grandson, we found a clear variation according to the age of the baby's parents: the younger the baby’s parents are, the larger the amount of assistance would be provided by grandparents. Considering the amount and quality of offspring and conditions of reproduction, parental investment is an element that presents itself closely linked to the history of the subject's life. Parents are the first to communicate to children how the environment in which they are inserted is presenting itself. As the life history is closely linked with reproduction, and, therefore, with parental investment, we intend to investigate whether there is a correlation between aspects of the individuals’ history of life (unpredictability and parental care) and their reproductive expectations, seeking further assess on whether there is relationship between parents' life history and their reproductive expectations for their children. We find evidence that partially confirm our expectations; we find relationships of some elements of reproductive expectations with indicators of unpredictability and parental care. The experiences of parents also reflected in their expectations for their children, with a more present correlation to their expectations for daughters. From our results, we find evidence that parent-offspring conflict appears in the reproductive expectations of children and relates to aspects of individuals’ life history.

Turismo e terceiro setor: o papel e atuação de organizações não-governamentais no polo costa das dunas/RN

O tema deste estudo visa pesquisar o papel e atuação das Organizações Não Governamentais - ONGs, terceiro setor do turismo, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte - RN, identificando a atuação e participação no turismo, para, assim, elencar suas contribuições e benefícios para as populações locais, para o usuário dos serviços e para o incremento da economia no Estado. Analisando as que atuam no turismo do Rio Grande do Norte, procurou-se identificar suas contribuições, características e estruturas, descrever as suas formas de atuação e os respectivos resultados e influências. Buscou-se verificar se a organização atua na área de turismo e local adequado para o desenvolvimento das atividades turísticas nos seus projetos, na gestão administrativa e operacional. Para tal, utilizamos a teoria do livro “Análise Estrutural do Turismo” (Beni), bem como o Modelo Referencial do Sistema de Turismo (SISTUR). Avaliando se o tempo em que essa instituição atua na área propiciará às pessoas, de acordo com seus perfis, assimilarem conhecimento como gestoras no processo dos projetos. Observamos como funciona a Gestão de ONGs, a fim de identificarmos se as ONGs trabalham adequadamente as funções gerenciais. Se há envolvimento da organização nos projetos e nas suas fases de processo, assim como, sua importância e dificuldades encontradas na relação estabelecida entre as ONGs e a sociedade. A partir disso, poderemos identificar o envolvimento da comunidade que se beneficia.

LCD-OpenPACS: sistema integrado de telerradiologia com auxílio ao diagnóstico de nódulos pulmonares em exames de tomografia computadorizada

Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and has the highest mortality rate. Patient survival is highly correlated with early detection. Computed Tomography technology services the early detection of lung cancer tremendously by offering aminimally invasive medical diagnostic tool. However, the large amount of data per examination makes the interpretation difficult. This leads to omission of nodules by human radiologist. This thesis presents a development of a computer-aided diagnosis system (CADe) tool for the detection of lung nodules in Computed Tomography study. The system, called LCD-OpenPACS (Lung Cancer Detection - OpenPACS) should be integrated into the OpenPACS system and have all the requirements for use in the workflow of health facilities belonging to the SUS (Brazilian health system). The LCD-OpenPACS made use of image processing techniques (Region Growing and Watershed), feature extraction (Histogram of Gradient Oriented), dimensionality reduction (Principal Component Analysis) and classifier (Support Vector Machine). System was tested on 220 cases, totaling 296 pulmonary nodules, with sensitivity of 94.4% and 7.04 false positives per case. The total time for processing was approximately 10 minutes per case. The system has detected pulmonary nodules (solitary, juxtavascular, ground-glass opacity and juxtapleural) between 3 mm and 30 mm.

Estudo da transição de fase da percolação através da entropia da informação

Various physical systems have dynamics that can be modeled by percolation processes. Percolation is used to study issues ranging from fluid diffusion through disordered media to fragmentation of a computer network caused by hacker attacks. A common feature of all of these systems is the presence of two non-coexistent regimes associated to certain properties of the system. For example: the disordered media can allow or not allow the flow of the fluid depending on its porosity. The change from one regime to another characterizes the percolation phase transition. The standard way of analyzing this transition uses the order parameter, a variable related to some characteristic of the system that exhibits zero value in one of the regimes and a nonzero value in the other. The proposal introduced in this thesis is that this phase transition can be investigated without the explicit use of the order parameter, but rather through the Shannon entropy. This entropy is a measure of the uncertainty degree in the information content of a probability distribution. The proposal is evaluated in the context of cluster formation in random graphs, and we apply the method to both classical percolation (Erd¨os- R´enyi) and explosive percolation. It is based in the computation of the entropy contained in the cluster size probability distribution and the results show that the transition critical point relates to the derivatives of the entropy. Furthermore, the difference between the smooth and abrupt aspects of the classical and explosive percolation transitions, respectively, is reinforced by the observation that the entropy has a maximum value in the classical transition critical point, while that correspondence does not occurs during the explosive percolation.