Lugares de memoria y lugares de amnesia : La familia como colectivo amnésico en Os libros arden mal de Manuel Rivas

A lo largo de los últimos años, la expresión "memoria histórica" resulta omnipresente en el discurso político, social y cultural europeo. Cuando, en el caso de España, se menciona la "memoria histórica" los acontecimientos a que se refiere en la mayoría de los casos son la Guerra Civil (1936-1939) y el Franquismo (1939-1975), acontecimientos cuya memoria nunca pierde su actualidad y necesidad. A partir del año 2000 se inició la apertura pública al pasado oculto y reprimido que lleva consigo la liberación de los recuerdos que habían permanecido marginados e ignorados hasta ahora. La obra del autor gallego Manuel Rivas forma parte de este proceso de recuperación de la memoria histórica y pone su enfoque, precisamente, en ese pasado incómodo que tantos años ha permanecido oculto para contribuir a la reivindicación de la memoria de las víctimas de la represión franquista. En Os libros arden mal (2006), Manuel Rivas ofrece un panorama complejo y diverso del pasado traumático. A través de la confrontación de diferentes comunidades de memoria -en muchos casos antagonistas- elabora la historia vivida por los ciudadanos coruñeses. Con referencia a los conceptos correspondientes a la memoria colectiva desarrollada en las Ciencias Sociales y Culturales, este artículo tiene la intención de estudiar la memoria de la Guerra Civil y el Franquismo a partir del análisis de una de las familias retratadas en la novela.

Oscuridad y zonas grises en El lápiz del carpintero y La lengua de las mariposas de Manuel Rivas : Con una coda argentina: La pregunta de sus ojos de Eduardo Sacheri

En La lengua de las mariposas y El lápiz del carpintero Manuel Rivas presenta conflictos y personajes inmersos en el contexto de violencia y opresión desatados por el accionar de las fuerzas franquistas triunfantes en Galicia. Por su parte, uno de los hilos narrativos desarrollados por Eduardo Sacheri en La pregunta de sus ojos, se interna en la relación entre el delito, la impunidad y el castigo en el marco de la violencia estatal que se instala en Argentina en los años anteriores al golpe militar de 1976. En los tres relatos los comportamientos indignos o criminales, cuya génesis es inseparable del terror impuesto por una dictadura u otras formas de violencia emanadas de un poder opresor, disparan interrogantes de complejas respuestas. El concepto de zona gris que acuñó Primo Levi en su obra dedicada a testimoniar su experiencia de deportado en Auschwitz ofrece una vía de reflexión para volver más inteligible la respuesta del ser humano en situaciones límite.

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and paleoproductivity reconstructions for the last 550 kyr of the Ontong Java Plateau, western equatorial Pacific

We analyzed foraminiferal and nannofossil assemblages and stable isotopes in samples from ODP Hole 807A on the Ontong Java Plateau in order to evaluate productivity and carbonate dissolution cycles over the last 550 kyr (kilo year) in the western equatorial Pacific. Our results indicate that productivity was generally higher in glacials than during interglacials, and gradually increased since MIS 13. Carbonate dissolution was weak in deglacial intervals, but often reached a maximum during interglacial to glacial transitions. Carbonate cycles in the western equatorial Pacific were mainly influenced by changes of deep-water properties rather than by local primary productivity. Fluctuations of the estimated thermocline depth were not related to glacial to interglacial alternations, but changed distinctly at ~280 kyr. Before that time the thermocline was relatively shallow and its depth fluctuated at a comparatively high amplitude and low frequency. After 280 kyr, the thermocline was deeper, and its fluctuations were at lower amplitude and higher frequency. These different patterns in productivity and thermocline variability suggest that thermocline dynamics probably were not a controlling factor of biological productivity in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. In this region, upwelling, the influx of cool, nutrient-rich waters from the eastern equatorial Pacific or of fresh waters from rivers have probably never been important, and their influence on productivity has been negligible over the studied period. Variations in the inferred productivity in general are well correlated with fluctuations in the eolian flux as recorded in the northwestern Pacific, a proxy for the late Quaternary history of the central East Asian dust flux into the Pacific. Therefore, we suggest that the dust flux from the central East Asian continent may have been an important driver of productivity in the western Pacific.

Benthic and planktic foraminiferal stable isotope record and coccolith abundance spanning the last 500,000 years of ODP Hole 121-758C

The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) is an inter-hemispheric and highly variable ocean-atmosphere-land interaction that directly affects the densely populated Indian subcontinent. Here, we present new records of palaeoceanographic variability that span the last 500,000 years from the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, a relatively under-sampled area of ISM influence. We have generated carbon and oxygen stable isotope records from three foraminiferal species from Ocean Drilling Program Site 758 (5°N, 90°E) to investigate the oceanographic history of this region. We interpret our resultant Dd18O (surface-thermocline) record of upper water-column stratification in the context of past ISM variability, and compare orbital phase relationships in our Site 758 data to other climate and monsoon proxies in the region. Results suggest that upper water-column stratification at Site 758, which is dominated by variance at precession and half-precession frequencies (23, 19 and 11 ka), is forced by both local (5°N) insolation and ISM winds. In the precession (23 ka) band, stratification minima at Site 758 lag northern hemisphere summer insolation maxima (precession minima) by 9 ka, which is consistent with Arabian Sea ISM phase estimates and suggests a common wind forcing in both regions. This phase implicates a strong sensitivity to both ice volume and southern hemisphere insolation forcing via latent heat export from the southern subtropical Indian Ocean. Additionally, we find evidence of possible overprinting of millennial-scale events during glacial terminations in our stratification record, which suggests an influence of remote abrupt climate events on ISM dynamics.

Sedimentological, geochemical, micropaleontological and rock magnetic proxies of sediment core GeoB6211-2

Surface currents and sediment distribution of the SE South American upper continental margin are under influence of the South American Monsoon System (SAMS) and the Southern Westerly Wind Belt (SWWB). Both climatic systems determine the meridional position of the Subtropical Shelf Front (STSF) and probably also of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC). We reconstruct the changing impact of the SAMS and the SWWB on sediment composition at the upper Rio Grande Cone off southern Brazil during the last 14 cal kyr combining sedimentological, geochemical, micropaleontological and rock magnetic proxies of marine sediment core GeoB 6211-2. Sharp reciprocal changes in ferri- and paramagnetic mineral content and prominent grain-size shifts give strong clues to systematic source changes and transport modes of these mostly terrigenous sediments. Our interpretations support the assumption that the SAMS over SE South America was weaker than today during most of the Late Glacial and entire Early Holocene, while the SWWB was contracted to more southern latitudes, resembling modern austral summer-like conditions. In consequence, the STSF and the BMC were driven to more southern positions than today's, favoring the deposition of Fe-rich but weakly magnetic La Plata River silts at the Rio Grande Cone. During the Mid Holocene, the northern boundary of the SWWB migrated northward, while the STSF reached its northernmost position of the last 14 cal kyr and the BMC most likely arrived at its modern position. This shift enabled the transport of Antarctic diatoms and more strongly magnetic Argentinean shelf sands to the Rio Grande Cone, while sediment contributions from the La Plata River became less important. During the Late Holocene, the modern El Niño Southern Oscillation set in and the SAMS and the austral tradewinds intensified, causing a southward shift of the STSF to its modern position. This reinforced a significant deposition of La Plata River silts at the Rio Grande Cone. These higher magnetic silts with intermediate Fe contents mirror the modern more humid terrestrial climatic conditions over SE South America.