Lividins: Novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida: Identification by “shotgun” cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.

Odorous frogs of the sub-genus Odorrana are of oriental distribution, and are so called due to the foul smell of their defensive skin secretions released from specialized skin glands following stress or predator attack. Here we report the application of a “shotgun” skin secretion cDNA library cloning technique which can rapidly expedite identification of secretion bioactive peptides. From a library constructed from the skin secretion of the Large Chinese Odorous frog, Rana (Odorrana) livida, we have identified four novel peptides whose primary structures were deduced initially from cloned precursors. Subsequently, mature peptides were located in and structurally characterized from reverse phase HPLC fractions of skin secretion. Named lividins 1–4, these were found to be structural homologs of known antimicrobial peptide families from Rana frogs. Rapid identification of novel peptides can thus be rapidly achieved using this non-invasive, non-destructive technology and the extensive similarities revealed between antimicrobial peptide precursor organization and nucleic acid sequences would lend support to the hypothesis that they have a common ancestral origin.

The circle in the relationship between space and body. Photo-essay based on Isidro Blasco and the BAPNE method

This article demonstrates a visual study on the educational space in which the teaching of body percussion is carried out in universities. The methodological framework is chosen by the Visual Arts Based Educational Research, using the work of an artist as a conceptual and methodological model. The research remains notable (1) due to the theoretical reference to the BAPNE method, (2) due to the visual reference to the work of Isidro Blasco – especially with the piece “Shanghai Planet 2009” - ;(3) due to the parallelisms established between the object of study in this investigation -the spatial analysis- and the focuses of interest revealed by the art critics in relation to the work of this artist. By means of a visual speech formed with 7 photo-collages the relationship between body and educational space is visualized in the basic disposition of circular learning. The visual constructions by way of photo-collage and their aesthetic charge brings us closer to the intimacy of the educational space, in the style in which it is distributed to the students in the music classroom, the materialization of interpersonal relationships, the occupied and empty volumes.

Ai Weiwei: La recepción de su producción artística

Actualmente Ai Weiwei es el creador con mayor proyección dentro y fuera de China, destacando especialmente por su prolífica, heterogénea, comprometida y polémica producción artística. Sus propuestas suscitan un gran interés y obtienen una destacada repercusión tanto en China como en un escenario internacional. Precisamente, es uno de los artistas contemporáneos chinos que ha logrado una mayor presencia en los medios de comunicación y en los espacios expositivos españoles, siendo un ejemplo de ello la organización de la primera exposición museística de su obra en el Centro Andaluz de Arte Contemporáneo (2013) y el estreno de la película documental sobre su vida y su obra Never Sorry (2013), dirigida por Alison Klayman. Ai Weiwei es un autor mediático y su visibilidad deviene una plataforma desde donde articular proyectos artísticos que enfocan determinadas problemáticas sociales. A la vez, la crítica política de Ai Weiwei resulta especialmente atractiva en un contexto euroamericano que subraya su papel de disidente y agitador. Dentro de tales parámetros se ahondará en la recepción de la producción artística de Ai Weiwei en el marco internacional y en el contexto español, analizando la aproximación que la prensa esboza sobre dicho autor.

The Architecture of Seduction: An Analysis on Digital Architectures within Consumer Society

Currently new digital tools used in architecture are often at the service of a conception of architecture as a consumer society’s cultural good. Within this neoliberal cultural frame, architects’ social function is no longer seen as the production of urban facts with sense of duty, but as a part within the symbolic logic that rules the social production of cultural values as it was defined by Veblen and developed by Baudrillard. As a result, the potential given by the new digital tools used in representation has shifted from an instrument used to verify a built project to two different main models: At the one hand the development of pure virtual architectures that are exclusively configured within their symbolic value as artistic “images” easily reproducible. On the other hand the development of all those projects which -even maintaining their attention to architecture as a built fact- base their symbolic value on the author’s image and on virtual aesthetics and logics that prevail over architecture’s materiality. Architects’ sense of duty has definitely reached a turning point.

Ankle disease in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ultrasound findings in clinically swollen ankles

The ankle joint is frequently involved in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but it is unclear whether this is predominantly due to synovitis, tenosynovitis, or both. We performed clinic-based ultrasound examination to assess the prevalence of synovitis and tenosynovitis in children with JIA felt clinically to have active inflammatory disease of the ankle.

Analysis of luminescent samples using subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy

A novel method of obtaining high-quality Raman spectra of luminescent samples was tested using cyclohexane solutions which had been treated with a fluorescent dye. The method involves removing the fixed pattern irregularity found in the spectra taken with CCD detectors by subtracting spectra taken at several different, closely spaced spectrometer positions. It is conceptually similar to SERDS (shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy) but has the distinct experimental advantage that it does not require a tunable laser source. The subtracted spectra obtained as the raw data are converted into a more recognisable and conventional form by iterative fitting of appropriate double Lorentzian functions whose peak parameters are then used to 'reconstruct' a conventional representation of the spectrum. Importantly, it is shown that the degree of uncertainty in the resultant 'reconstructed' spectra can be gauged reliably by comparing reconstructed spectra obtained at two different spectrometer shifts (delta and 2 delta), The method was illustrated and validated using a solvent (cyclohexane) the spectrum of which is well known and which contains both regions with complex overlapping bands and regions with isolated bands, Possible sources of error are discussed and it is shown that, provided the degree of uncertainty in the data is correctly characterised, it is completely valid to draw conclusions about the spectra of the sample on the basis of the reconstructed data. The acronym SSRS (subtracted shifted Raman spectroscopy; pronounced scissors) is proposed for this method, to distinguish it from the SERDS technique.

Baseline Soil Variation Is a Major Factor in Arsenic Accumulation in Bengal Delta Paddy Rice

Factors responsible for paddy soil arsenic accumulation in the tubewell irrigated systems of the Bengal Delta were investigated. Baseline (i.e., nonirrigated) and paddy soils were collected from 30 field systems across Bangladesh. For each field, soil sampled at dry season (Boro) harvest i.e., the crop cycle irrigated with tubewell water, was collected along a 90 m transect away from the tubewell irrigation source. Baseline soil arsenic levels ranged from 0.8 to 21. mg/kg, with lower values found on the Pliestocene Terrace around Gazipur (average, 1.6 +/- 0.2 mg/kg), and higher levels found in Holecene sediment tracts of Jessore and Faridpur (average, 6.6 +/- 1.0 mg/kg). Two independent approaches were used to assess the extent of arsenic build-up in irrigated paddy soils. First, arsenic build-up in paddy soil at the end of dry season production (irrigated - baseline soil arsenic) was regressed against number of years irrigated and tubewell arsenic concentration. Years of irrigation was not significant (P 0.711), indicating no year-on-year arsenic build-up, whereas tubewell As concentration was significant (P = 0.008). The second approach was analysis of irrigated soils for 20 fields over 2 successive years. For nine of the fields there was a significant (P <0.05) decrease in soil arsenic from year 1 to 2, one field had a significant increase, whereas there was no change for the remaining 10. Over the dry season irrigation cycle, soil arsenic built-up in soils at a rate dependent on irrigation tubewell water, 35* (tubewell water concentration in mg/kg, mg/L). Grain arsenic rises steeply at low soil/shoot arsenic levels, plateauing out at concentratations. Baseline soil arsenic at Faridpur sites corresponded to grain arsenic levels at the start of this saturation phase. Therefore, variation in baseline levels of soil arsenic leads to a large range in grain arsenic. Where sites have high baseline soil arsenic, further additional arsenic from irrigation water only leads to a gradual increase in grain arsenic concentration.

Sinemada Mimarlik

This is a special 'Architecture and Cinema' dossier edited for Arredamento, with several articles by different authors. Each article analyses spaces and cities represented in one particular feature film. The introductory essay is also by the dossier editor.

Exploring diversity through ethos in initial teacher education

This paper considers whether there is value in introducing student teachers to schools of different ethos as part of their initial teacher education. A 2-year study of undergraduate post-primary student teachers at a university college in Northern Ireland reveals that encounters with schools of different ethos can help student teachers to understand differences between schools and their visions of education, as well as correcting misunderstandings and challenging stereotypes. It is argued that as a result of experiencing diverse examples of ethos, student teachers may also be helped to understand the complexity of schools as organisations and to position themselves and their professional practice within wider debates about the aims of education and schools as communities of practice. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Penser la guerre au XXIe siècle

Ce numéro était déjà sous presse quand, le 13 novembre 2015, Paris était une nouvelle fois la cible d’attentats terroristes d’une ampleur sans précédent, faisant plus d’une centaine de morts. Le Président François Hollande parla cette fois, de manière répétée, d’‘un acte de guerre’. Des voix solidaires se sont élevées des quatre coins de la planète, soulignant bien que, à travers la France, ce sont bien les valeurs qu’elle représente et qu’elle partage avec nombre de pays que les assassins de Daech visaient. Parmi tous les messages de solidarité, il nous semble important de souligner celui d’Hassan Rohani, le Président iranien, et celui d’Abdelaziz Bouteflika, le Président algérien: immédiatement, le premier ‘condamn[ait] avec vigueur ces crimes contre l'humanité et présent[ait] [s]es condoléance au peuple français endeuillé et au gouvernement’; le second dénonçait sans réserve ‘cette horreur planifiée [qui] constitue un véritable crime contre l'humanité’. Quant à Anouar Kbibech, le nouveau président du Conseil français du culte musulman, il ‘condamn[ait] avec la plus grande vigueur ces attaques inqualifiables’ et ‘appel[ait] à se regrouper autour de ces valeurs qui font la France’. Plus que jamais, il faut éviter les amalgames pour ne pas faire le jeu des minorités extrémistes.

O projeto PmatE e a aprendizagem da matemática no ensino superior

O contexto educacional exige renovação de paradigmas. Impõem-se profundas alterações ao nível do papel e da função do professor e dos alunos, devendo-se privilegiar metodologias de aprendizagem ativas, cooperativas e participativas, rompendo-se com o ensino magistral e a mera transmissão de ‘conhecimentos’. As ferramentas informáticas poderão constituir-se uma mais-valia no contexto educativo, promovendo uma aprendizagem significativa e autorregulada pelo aluno, sempre sob a adequada orientação do professor. Neste contexto, foi criado, na Universidade de Aveiro, o Projeto Matemática Ensino (PmatE), com o principal objetivo de combater, de uma forma inovadora, as causas do insucesso escolar a matemática. No entanto, tal plataforma ainda não foi alvo de uma avaliação sistemática, nomeadamente ao nível do ensino superior, que nos permita concluir da consecução dos seus propósitos. Assim, a questão de investigação subjacente ao estudo em curso é - Qual o impacte da utilização diferenciada, como complemento à abordagem didáctica, da plataforma de ensino assistido (PEA) desenvolvida pelo PmatE na aprendizagem de temas matemáticos ao nível do Ensino Superior, principalmente ao nível da autonomia, da construção e aplicação de conhecimentos e do desenvolvimento de apetências pela Matemática. Para se tentar dar resposta à mesma, implementou-se um estudo misto, quantitativo e qualitativo, com alunos da unidade curricular Análise Matemática I do Curso Engenharia Alimentar de um Instituto Politécnico português, a quem se propôs uma exploração prévia da plataforma extra-aula para que, nesse espaço, se pudesse conceptualizar os conceitos envolvidos e realizar tarefas variadas quanto à sua natureza. Usaram-se como principais técnicas de recolha de dados a análise documental, a inquirição e a observação direta, suportadas pelos diversos instrumentos: Questionário Inicial e Final; testes de avaliação, nas versões pré-teste, pós-teste1 e pós-teste2; produções de uma bateria de tarefas de natureza diversificada; registo computorizado do percurso dos alunos relativamente ao trabalho por eles desenvolvido na plataforma do PmatE; notas de campo; dossier dos alunos e entrevistas. Os resultados obtidos, a partir de uma análise estatística dos dados quantitativos e de conteúdo dos dados qualitativos, indicam, por um lado, que os alunos mais autónomos, mais persistentes e que obtêm os melhores resultados são os alunos que usaram a plataforma com frequência e, por outro, que a utilização da plataforma contribuiu para aumentar o gosto pela Matemática. Este estudo permitiu, também, obter informação importante sobre aspetos que poderão melhorar a plataforma, em particular, relativos à natureza das tarefas e à resolução dos exercícios propostos.

Les Cahiers Anne Hébert, 13 : Legs d'Anne Hébert : Lecture, intertextualité, transmission

La critique a depuis longtemps identifié les lieux de lecture travaillés par les œuvres hébertiennes, de la Bible à Faulkner en passant par Chrétien de Troyes et les contes de fées. Mais si la lecture est un legs, un témoignage du passé qu’il est loisible d’interroger dans le présent de l’écriture, les œuvres d’Anne Hébert – l’adaptation cinématographique du Torrent en est l’illustration éclatante – constituent désormais un héritage dont les effets peuvent être analysés. Nous voudrions ici interroger ces deux modalités du legs d’Anne Hébert en nous attachant aussi bien aux traces des lectures de l’écrivaine qui parsèment son œuvre qu’à ce que cette dernière a légué en retour aux écrivains, ou cinéastes, qui lui succèdent. La présence de la bibliothèque de l’écrivaine au Centre Anne-Hébert est à cet égard à même d’ouvrir de nouvelles avenues de recherche, susceptibles de renouveler notre compréhension des œuvres. Ce n’est donc pas seulement d’intertextualité qu’il est question dans ces pages, ni de la notion ambigüe d’influence qu’elle était venue remplacer, mais bien de ce legs symbolique bien particulier que constitue la lecture. À quel héritage littéraire Anne Hébert a-t-elle puisé afin de rompre avec les discours social et littéraire du Canada français des années 1940? Quel traitement réserve-t-elle à l’héritage canadien-français, notamment religieux? Mais aussi, qu’en est-il, dans son œuvre, de cet enjeu majeur de la transmission, elle qui ne cesse de s’interroger, d’un texte à l’autre, sur les effets ineffaçables du passé à partir de son refoulement? Voilà quelques-unes des questions qui ont retenu l’attention des auteur(e)s de ce dossier, qui souhaite ainsi participer au renouvellement de la recherche sur cet aspect primordial du legs.