Identificação de ondas de Rossby a partir de diagramas de Hovmoller da concentração de clorofila entre as latitudes de 25o S e 45o S do Oceano Atlântico

Ondas de Rossby são ondas planetárias oceânicas de ocorrência quase global com comprimentos de onda da ordem de centenas a milhares de quilômetros, períodos da ordem de meses a anos e amplitudes superficiais da ordem de centímetros, causando anomalia da altura da superfície do mar (AASM). Transportando grandes quantidades de energia e influenciando diretamente a circulação de larga escala e o clima global, sua propagação de fase acontece sempre para oeste e sua velocidade é predominantemente uma função da latitude. É sabido que relações entre AASM e concentração de clorofila (CC) podem ser encontradas em todas as bacias oceânicas, evidenciando uma clara influência de fenômenos físicos em fenômenos biológicos. O presente trabalho visa a identificação de ondas de Rossby através da visualização de dados de CC, que, quando comparados a de AASM, apresentaram comprimento, período e velocidade de fase conforme previsto teoricamente para ondas de Rossby baroclínicas do primeiro modo vertical. A região de estudo, entre as latitudes de 25o S e 45o S, é caracterizada pela presença da Corrente do Atlântico Sul, da convergência subtropical e da faixa de rotacional nulo do vento e é, portanto, sede de importantes fenômenos oceanográficos de larga escala. Ambos os conjuntos de dados foram obtidos por sensoriamento remoto e submetidos a uma cadeia de filtros bidimensionais de resposta impulsiva finita (FIR2D) cujo funcionamento de baseia no princípio de convolução entre a série temporal e uma matriz-filtro. Os sinais filtrados foram decompostos em componentes propagantes e não-propagantes e entre os propagantes foi feita a separação das componentes em diversas bandas espectrais definidas por seus períodos centrais. Diagramas de Hovmoller foram confeccionados e as velocidades de fase foram obtidas através da transformada de Radon. A conclusão do trabalho evidenciou uma clara influência das ondas de Rossby sobre a distribuição de clorofila ao longo da região estudada.

Influência da altura da maré em estudos de populações de Ocypode quadrata através da contagem de tocas

No supralitoral de praias arenosas, o número limitado de espécies da macrofauna e a maior constância destas entre praias (comparado ao médio litoral), apresenta-se ora como pró, ora como contra, a identificação de organismos adequados ao monitoramento e avaliação da qualidade ambiental. Assim, o crescente esforço para identificar padrões espaciais/temporais dessas espécies leva a um aumento de questionamentos metodológicos. Visamos responder se há necessidade de fixar condições de maré (alta ou baixa; sizígia ou quadratura) para estudos com o caranguejo Ocypode quadrata. 1) Altura da maré e quantificação de indivíduos. Nove praias foram avaliadas em cada estação do ano, através de três transectos de 2 m perpendiculares à linha d'água, em condições de maré aleatórias. A altura da maré foi registrada para cada transecto e correlacionada com: o comprimento total do transecto; a amplitude de ocorrência de O. quadrata. Houve correlação significativa entre a altura da maré e o comprimento dos transectos em 4 das 9 praias; em nenhum caso houve correlação significativa entre as amplitudes de maré e de ocorrência dos animais. 2) Marés de sizígia e quadratura e quantificação de indivíduos. Em uma área de estudo fixa, foram traçados transectos na preamar e baixa-mar das marés de sizígia e quadratura ao longo de um mês. Não houve variação significativa de acordo com o tipo de maré, mas houve aumento significativo ao longo do tempo. O estudo se iniciou em maré de sizígia, o que pode ter levado a menor média geral nessa condição. Assim, o estudo aponta que condições de maré não sejam essenciais para a quantificação de populações de Ocypode - contanto que se evite condições extremas -, um ponto facilitador do trabalho com este organismo.

Identificação de ondas de Rossby a partir de diagramas de Hovmoller da concentração de clorofila entre as latitudes de 25o S e 45o S do Oceano Atlântico

Ondas de Rossby são ondas planetárias oceânicas de ocorrência quase global com comprimentos de onda da ordem de centenas a milhares de quilômetros, períodos da ordem de meses a anos e amplitudes superficiais da ordem de centímetros, causando anomalia da altura da superfície do mar (AASM). Transportando grandes quantidades de energia e influenciando diretamente a circulação de larga escala e o clima global, sua propagação de fase acontece sempre para oeste e sua velocidade é predominantemente uma função da latitude. É sabido que relações entre AASM e concentração de clorofila (CC) podem ser encontradas em todas as bacias oceânicas, evidenciando uma clara influência de fenômenos físicos em fenômenos biológicos. O presente trabalho visa a identificação de ondas de Rossby através da visualização de dados de CC, que, quando comparados a de AASM, apresentaram comprimento, período e velocidade de fase conforme previsto teoricamente para ondas de Rossby baroclínicas do primeiro modo vertical. A região de estudo, entre as latitudes de 25o S e 45o S, é caracterizada pela presença da Corrente do Atlântico Sul, da convergência subtropical e da faixa de rotacional nulo do vento e é, portanto, sede de importantes fenômenos oceanográficos de larga escala. Ambos os conjuntos de dados foram obtidos por sensoriamento remoto e submetidos a uma cadeia de filtros bidimensionais de resposta impulsiva finita (FIR2D) cujo funcionamento de baseia no princípio de convolução entre a série temporal e uma matriz-filtro. Os sinais filtrados foram decompostos em componentes propagantes e não-propagantes e entre os propagantes foi feita a separação das componentes em diversas bandas espectrais definidas por seus períodos centrais. Diagramas de Hovmoller foram confeccionados e as velocidades de fase foram obtidas através da transformada de Radon. A conclusão do trabalho evidenciou uma clara influência das ondas de Rossby sobre a distribuição de clorofila ao longo da região estudada

Two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration of circular cylinders with very low aspect ratio and small mass ratio

The investigation of vortex-induced vibration on very short cylinders with two degrees of freedom has drawn the attention of a large number of researchers. Some investigations on such a problem are carried out in order to have a better understanding of the physics involved in vortex-induced motions of floating bodies such as offshore platforms. In this paper, experiments were carried out in a recirculating water channel over the range of Reynolds number 6000amplitudes and frequencies of cylinders with two degrees of freedom, three different small mass ratios (m⁎=1.00; 2.62 and 4.36) and very low aspect ratios (0.3≤L/D≤2.0) were shown and the results were discussed in depth. Conversely to what would be expected for cylinders with very low aspect ratio, the results showed large motions in the transverse direction with maximum amplitudes around 1.5 diameters for cylinders with L/D=2.0, despite being smaller when the aspect ratio is reduced. Moreover, the response amplitudes presented high values around 0.4 diameters in the in-line direction. In fact, the large transverse motions were related to a strong coupling with the in-line responses, visibly identified in the plots of nondimensional frequency, as well as by the trajectories in the XY-plane, Lissajous figures, particularly in the case of m⁎=1.00 and L/D=2.0, when 8-shape trajectories were clearly observed. The case of m⁎=1.00 deserves more attention because of its smaller amplitude compared to the cases with the same aspect ratio and a larger mass ratio. This counter-intuitive behavior seems to be related to the energy transferring process from the steady stream to the oscillatory hydroelastic system. Finally, it is noteworthy that the characteristic of the “Strouhal-like” number decreases when the aspect ratio decreases, as also observed in previous works available in the literature, most of them for stationary cylinders.

One and two degrees-of-freedom Vortex-Induced Vibration experiments with yawed cylinders

Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) experiments were carried out with yawed cylinders. The purpose was to investigate the validity of the Independence Principle (IP) for properly describing the flow characteristics and the dynamics of structures subjected to oblique flow. Five yaw angles in relation to the direction perpendicular to the free stream velocity were tested, namely View the MathML sourceθ=0°,10°,20°,30° and 45°. Both the upstream and downstream orientations were tested. The models were mounted on a leaf spring apparatus that allows experiments with one or two degrees of freedom. The Reynolds numbers based on the component normal to the cylinder axis fell in the interval 3×103amplitudes was related to a larger modulation in the phase shift between force and displacement. Differences in the results for upstream and downstream were observed and were more evident for the larger yaw angle. These differences can be associated to the asymmetric cylinder end conditions.

Two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration of circular cylinders with very low aspect ratio and small mass ratio

The investigation of vortex-induced vibration on very short cylinders with two degrees of freedom has drawn the attention of a large number of researchers. Some investigations on such a problem are carried out in order to have a better understanding of the physics involved in vortex-induced motions of floating bodies such as offshore platforms. In this paper, experiments were carried out in a recirculating water channel over the range of Reynolds number 6000amplitudes and frequencies of cylinders with two degrees of freedom, three different small mass ratios (m⁎=1.00; 2.62 and 4.36) and very low aspect ratios (0.3≤L/D≤2.0) were shown and the results were discussed in depth. Conversely to what would be expected for cylinders with very low aspect ratio, the results showed large motions in the transverse direction with maximum amplitudes around 1.5 diameters for cylinders with L/D=2.0, despite being smaller when the aspect ratio is reduced. Moreover, the response amplitudes presented high values around 0.4 diameters in the in-line direction. In fact, the large transverse motions were related to a strong coupling with the in-line responses, visibly identified in the plots of nondimensional frequency, as well as by the trajectories in the XY-plane, Lissajous figures, particularly in the case of m⁎=1.00 and L/D=2.0, when 8-shape trajectories were clearly observed. The case of m⁎=1.00 deserves more attention because of its smaller amplitude compared to the cases with the same aspect ratio and a larger mass ratio. This counter-intuitive behavior seems to be related to the energy transferring process from the steady stream to the oscillatory hydroelastic system. Finally, it is noteworthy that the characteristic of the “Strouhal-like” number decreases when the aspect ratio decreases, as also observed in previous works available in the literature, most of them for stationary cylinders.

Stochastic gravito-inertial modes discovered by CoRoT in the hot Be star HD51452

Context. Be stars are rapidly rotating stars with a circumstellar decretion disk. They usually undergo pressure and/or gravity pulsation modes excited by the κ-mechanism, i.e. an effect of the opacity of iron-peak elements in the envelope of the star. In the Milky Way, p-modes are observed in stars that are hotter than or equal to the B3 spectral type, while g-modes are observed at the B2 spectral type and cooler. Aims. We observed a B0IVe star, HD51452, with the high-precision, high-cadence photometric CoRoT satellite and high-resolution, ground-based HARPS and SOPHIE spectrographs to study its pulsations in great detail. We also used the lower resolution spectra available in the BeSS database. Methods. We analyzed the CoRoT and spectroscopic data with several methods: Clean-NG, FreqFind, and a sliding window method. We also analyzed spectral quantities, such as the violet over red (V/R) emission variations, to obtain information about the variation in the circumstellar environment. We calculated a stellar structure model with the ESTER code to test the various interpretation of the results. Results. We detect 189 frequencies of variations in the CoRoT light curve in the range between 0 and 4.5 c d−1. The main frequencies are also recovered in the spectroscopic data. In particular we find that HD51452 undergoes gravito-inertial modes that are not in the domain of those excited by the κ-mechanism. We propose that these are stochastic modes excited in the convective zones and that at least some of them are a multiplet of r-modes (i.e. subinertial modes mainly driven by the Coriolis acceleration). Stochastically excited gravito-inertial modes had never been observed in any star, and theory predicted that their very low amplitudes would be undetectable even with CoRoT. We suggest that the amplitudes are enhanced in HD51452 because of the very rapid stellar rotation. In addition, we find that the amplitude variations of these modes are related to the occurrence of minor outbursts. Conclusions. Thanks to CoRoT data, we have detected a new kind of pulsations in HD51452, which are stochastically excited gravito-inertial modes, probably due to its very rapid rotation. These modes are probably also present in other rapidly rotating hot Be stars.

Constraints on the origin of cosmics rays above '10 POT. 18' eV from large-scale anisotropy searches in data of the Pierre Auger observatory

A thorough search for large-scale anisotropies in the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays detected above '10 POT. 18' eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory is reported. For the first time, these large-scale anisotropy searches are performed as a function of both the right ascension and the declination and expressed in terms of dipole and quadrupole moments.Within the systematic uncertainties, no significant deviation from isotropy is revealed. Upper limits on dipole and quadrupole amplitudes are derived under the hypothesis that any cosmic ray anisotropy is dominated by such moments in this energy range. These upper limits provide constraints on the production of cosmic rays above '10 POT. 18' eV, since they allow us to challenge an origin from stationary galactic sources densely distributed in the galactic disk and emitting predominantly light particles in all directions.

Nonlocal asymmetric exclusion process on a ring and conformal invariance

We present a one-dimensional nonlocal hopping model with exclusion on a ring. The model is related to the Raise and Peel growth model. A nonnegative parameter u controls the ratio of the local backwards and nonlocal forwards hopping rates. The phase diagram, and consequently the values of the current, depend on u and the density of particles. In the special case of half-lling and u = 1 the system is conformal invariant and an exact value of the current for any size L of the system is conjectured and checked for large lattice sizes in Monte Carlo simulations. For u > 1 the current has a non-analytic dependence on the density when the latter approaches the half-lling value.

Molecular dynamics of poly(Ethylene Glycol) intercalated in clay, studied using 13C solid-state NMR

In this study, Cross-Polarization Magic-angle Spinning CP/MAS, 2D Exchange, Centerband-Only Detection of Exchange (CODEX), and Separated-Local-Field (SLF) NMR experiments were used to study the molecular dynamics of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) inside Hectorite/PEG intercalation compounds in both single- and double-layer configurations. The results revealed that the overall amplitude of the motions of the PEG chain in the single-layer configuration is considerably smaller than that observed for the double-layer intercalation compound. This result indicates that the effect of having the polymer chain interacting with both clay platelets is to produce a substantial decrease in the motional amplitudes of those chains. The presence of these dynamically restricted segments might be explained by the presence of anchoring points between the clay platelets and the PEG oxygen atoms, which was induced by the Na+ cations. By comparing the PEG motional amplitudes of the double-layered nanocomposites composed of polymers with different molecular weights, a decrease in the motional amplitude for the smaller PEG chain was observed, which might also be understood using the presence of anchoring points.

Spectrum shaping and its application: spread-spectrum clock generator and circuits for ultra wide band

Electromagnetic spectrum can be identified as a resource for the designer, as well as for the manufacturer, from two complementary points of view: first, because it is a good in great demand by many different kind of applications; second, because despite its scarce availability, it may be advantageous to use more spectrum than necessary. This is the case of Spread-Spectrum Systems, those systems in which the transmitted signal is spread over a wide frequency band, much wider, in fact, than the minimum bandwidth required to transmit the information being sent. Part I of this dissertation deals with Spread-Spectrum Clock Generators (SSCG) aiming at reducing Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) of clock signals in integrated circuits (IC) design. In particular, the modulation of the clock and the consequent spreading of its spectrum are obtained through a random modulating signal outputted by a chaotic map, i.e. a discrete-time dynamical system showing chaotic behavior. The advantages offered by this kind of modulation are highlighted. Three different prototypes of chaos-based SSCG are presented in all their aspects: design, simulation, and post-fabrication measurements. The third one, operating at a frequency equal to 3GHz, aims at being applied to Serial ATA, standard de facto for fast data transmission to and from Hard Disk Drives. The most extreme example of spread-spectrum signalling is the emerging ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, which proposes the use of large sections of the radio spectrum at low amplitudes to transmit high-bandwidth digital data. In part II of the dissertation, two UWB applications are presented, both dealing with the advantages as well as with the challenges of a wide-band system, namely: a chaos-based sequence generation method for reducing Multiple Access Interference (MAI) in Direct Sequence UWB Wireless-Sensor-Networks (WSNs), and design and simulations of a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) for impulse radio UWB. This latter topic was studied during a study-abroad period in collaboration with Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.

Diagnostic techniques for EHD and MHD interaction

The impact of plasma technologies is growing both in the academic and in the industrial fields. Nowadays, a great interest is focused in plasma applications in aeronautics and astronautics domains. Plasma actuators based on the Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic (MHD) and Electro- Hydro-Dynamic (EHD) interactions are potentially able to suitably modify the fluid-dynamics characteristics around a flying body without utilizing moving parts. This could lead to the control of an aircraft with negligible response time, more reliability and improvements of the performance. In order to study the aforementioned interactions, a series of experiments and a wide number of diagnostic techniques have been utilized. The EHD interaction, realized by means of a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) actuator, and its impact on the boundary layer have been evaluated by means of two different experiments. In the first one a three phase multi-electrode flat panel actuator is used. Different external flow velocities (from 1 to 20m/s) and different values of the supplied voltage and frequency have been considered. Moreover a change of the phase sequence has been done to verify the influence of the electric field existing between successive phases. Measurements of the induced speed had shown the effect of the supply voltage and the frequency, and the phase order in the momentum transfer phenomenon. Gains in velocity, inside the boundary layer, of about 5m/s have been obtained. Spectroscopic measurements allowed to determine the rotational and the vibrational temperature of the plasma which lie in the range of 320 ÷ 440°K and of 3000 ÷ 3900°K respectively. A deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium had been found. The second EHD experiment is realized on a single electrode pair DBD actuator driven by nano-pulses superimposed to a DC or an AC bias. This new supply system separates the plasma formation mechanism from the acceleration action on the fluid, leading to an higher degree of the control of the process. Both the voltage and the frequency of the nano-pulses and the amplitude and the waveform of the bias have been varied during the experiment. Plasma jets and vortex behavior had been observed by means of fast Schlieren imaging. This allowed a deeper understanding of the EHD interaction process. A velocity increase in the boundary layer of about 2m/s had been measured. Thrust measurements have been performed by means of a scales and compared with experimental data reported in the literature. For similar voltage amplitudes thrust larger than those of the literature, had been observed. Surface charge measurements led to realize a modified DBD actuator able to obtain similar performances when compared with that of other experiments. However in this case a DC bias replacing the AC bias had been used. MHD interaction experiments had been carried out in a hypersonic wind tunnel in argon with a flow of Mach 6. Before the MHD experiments a thermal, fluid-dynamic and plasma characterization of the hypersonic argon plasma flow have been done. The electron temperature and the electron number density had been determined by means of emission spectroscopy and microwave absorption measurements. A deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium had been observed. The electron number density showed to be frozen at the stagnation region condition in the expansion through the nozzle. MHD experiments have been performed using two axial symmetric test bodies. Similar magnetic configurations were used. Permanent magnets inserted into the test body allowed to generate inside the plasma azimuthal currents around the conical shape of the body. These Faraday currents are responsible of the MHD body force which acts against the flow. The MHD interaction process has been observed by means of fast imaging, pressure and electrical measurements. Images showed bright rings due to the Faraday currents heating and exciting the plasma particles. Pressure measurements showed increases of the pressure in the regions where the MHD interaction is large. The pressure is 10 to 15% larger than when the MHD interaction process is silent. Finally by means of electrostatic probes mounted flush on the test body lateral surface Hall fields of about 500V/m had been measured. These results have been used for the validation of a numerical MHD code.

Erste Untersuchungen zur Messung helizitätsabhängiger (gamma N)-Wirkungsquerschnitte für das GDH-Experiment am MAMI

Das experimentelle Studium der 1966 von Gerasimov, Drell undHearn unabhängig voneinander aufgestellten und als GDH-SummenregelbezeichnetenRelation macht die Vermessung totalerPhotoabsorptionswirkungsquerschnitte von zirkular polarisierten Photonen an longitudinalpolarisierten Nukleonen über einen weiten Energiebereich notwendig. Die im Sommer1998 erfolgte Messung am Mainzer Mikrotron stellt das erste derartigeExperiment mit reellen Photonen zur Messung des GDH-Integrals am Protondar. Die Verwendung eines Frozen-Spin-Butanoltargets, das eingesetzt wurde, umeinen möglichst hohen Proton-Polarisationsgrad zu erreichen, hat diezusätzliche experimentelle Schwierigkeit zur Folge, daß die imButanoltarget enthaltenen Kohlenstoffkerne ebenfalls Reaktionsprodukte liefern, diezusammen mit den am Proton erzeugten nachgewiesen werden.Ziel der Arbeit war die Bestimmung von Wirkungsquerschnittenam freien Proton aus Messungen an einem komplexen Target (CH2) wie esbeim polarisiertenTarget vorliegt. Die hierzu durchgeführten Pilotexperimentedienten neben der Entwicklung von Methoden zur Reaktionsidentifikation auchder Eichung des Detektorsystems. Durch die Reproduktion der schon bekanntenund vermessenen unpolarisierten differentiellen und totalenEin-Pion-Wirkungsquerschnitte am Proton (gamma p -> p pi0 und gamma p -> n pi+), die bis zueiner Photonenergievon etwa 400 MeV den Hauptbeitrag zum GDH-Integralausmachen, konnte gezeigt werden, daß eine Separation der Wasserstoff- vonKohlenstoffereignissen möglich ist. Die notwendigen Techniken hierzu wurden imRahmen dieser Arbeit zu einem allgemein nutzbaren Werkzeug entwickelt.Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, daß der vom Kohlenstoffstammende Anteil der Reaktionen keine Helizitätsabhängigkeit besitzt. Unterdieser Voraussetzung reduziert sich die Bestimmung der helizitätsabhängigenWirkungsquerschnittsdifferenz auf eine einfacheDifferenzbildung. Aus den erhaltenen Ergebnissen der intensiven Analyse von Daten, diemit einem unpolarisierten Target erhalten wurden, konnten so schnellerste Resultate für Messungen, die mit dem polarisierten Frozen-Spin-Targetaufgenommen wurden, geliefert werden. Es zeigt sich, daß sich dieseersten Resultate für polarisierte differentielle und totale (gammaN)-Wirkungsquerschnitte im Delta-Bereich in guter Übereinstimmung mit theoretischenAnalysen befinden.

Photoproduktion neutraler Pionen am Proton mit linear polarisierten Photonen im Bereich der Delta(1232)-Resonanz

Hinweise auf die innere Struktur des Nukleons, dessenbeobachtbares Quadrupolmoment verschwindet, lassen sich u.a.durch die Untersuchung des N->Delta(1232)-Übergangsgewinnen. Dieser wird von der magnetischen Dipolanregung M1- einem Spinflip-Übergang - dominiert. In der Reaktion (gamma(lin. pol.) p -> p pi0) gelingt es mittels der Photonasymmetrie Sigma, das Signal der kleinen elektrischen Quadrupolamplitude E2 in einem Interferenztermmit der M1-Amplitude zu verstärken und das VerhältnisREM=E2/M1 des betrachteten Übergangs zu bestimmen. DieE2-Amplitude des N->Delta-Übergangs läßt auf eineDeformation des Nukleons und/oder der Delta-Resonanzschließen. Das zugehörige Experiment wurde am MainzerElektronenbeschleuniger MAMI durchgeführt. Durch kohärenteBremsstrahlung der Elektronen an einem Diamantradiatorstanden im Bereich der Delta(1232)-Resonanz linear polarisierte Photonen zur Verfügung. Insgesamt wurden reellePhotonen im Bereich Egamma=(200-790) MeV von derA2-Photonenmarkierungsanlage (Glasgow--Tagger)energiemarkiert. Mit dem Photonenspektrometer TAPS wurden die pi0-Mesonen über ihre beiden Zerfallsphotonennachgewiesen. Die gewählte Anordnung der 504BaF2-Einzelkristalle um ein Flüssigwasserstofftargeterlaubte den pi0-Nachweis im vollen Polarwinkelbereich. Die Datenbasis zur pi0-Photoproduktion am Proton konntehinsichtlich der Wirkungsquerschnitte und Photonasymmetriendurch Datenpunkte über den gesamten Polarwinkelbereichhinweg nachdrücklich erweitert werden.Eine weiterführende Multipolanalyse der neuen(Proton-pi0)-Daten ermöglichte im Energiebereich derDelta-Resonanz die Bestimmung der s- und p-WellenIsospinamplituden von E0+, M1-, E1+ und M1+.

Bestimmung des elektrischen Formfaktors des Neutrons G en in der Reaktion 3 He (e,e'n) bei einem Impulsübertrag Q 2 =0.67 (GeV/c) 2

In der Überprüfung von Kernmodellen stellt der elektrische Formfaktor des Neutrons Gen eine wichtige Eingangsgröße dar. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde am polarisierten Elektronenstrahl des Mainzer Mikrotrons MAMI der elektrische Formfaktor des Neutrons in der Reaktion 3He(e,e'n) bestimmt. Aus dem Verhältnis der Asymmetrien respektive der Helizitätsumkehr der Elektronenpolarisation mit Targetspin senkrecht und parallel zum Impulsübertrag konnte in einer integralen Analyse Gen bestimmt werden. Zusammengefasst ergab sich Gen(Q2=0.67 (GeV/c)2) = 0.0468 +- 0.0064(stat} +- 0.0027(syst}. Um den Einfluß von Kernbindungseffekten, die z. Zt. von der Gruppe um Prof. Glöckle in Bochum theoretisch gerechnet werden, auch experimentell abzusichern, wurden parallel zur Gen-Messung die Targetasymmetrie Ay0 3He(e,e'n) und Protonenasymmetrie 3He(e,e'p) bestimmt. Die Empfindlichkeit dieser Observablen auf FSI und D-Wellenbeiträge schafft Redundanzen, aus denen auf die Eigenschaften des freien Neutrons im gebundenen System geschlossen werden kann.