Agaete revisited: new data on the Gran Canaria tsunamiites.

The tsunami deposits of the valley of Agaete (Pérez-Torrado et al., 2006), north-western Gran Canaria, attributed to the Guimar flank collapse in Tenerife, have been revisited and new data are presented here. Besides the occurrences reported by Pérez-Torrado et al. (2006) a new outcrop was found and named “La Ruina” (at 28º 05’ 47,41” N; 15º 41’ 52,04” W; 71 m asl). The above-mentioned authors suggested the possibility that more than one marine conglomerate deposit could be present in the outcrops of “Llanos de Turmán” and “Berrazales”. At “La Gasolinera” and “La Aldea 1” the conglomerates are formed by a single layer representing one depositional event; at “La Aldea 2”, the conglomerates are composed of two layers directly contacting with each other, but evidence of a time hiatus between them was not found. Although the hypothesis of stacking of two depositional units within the same episode versus deposition of two distinct layers in different time-moments is debatable at the present state of knowledge, the first possibility is favoured. The field evidence at “Llanos de Turman” and “Berrazales” unquestionably shows that terrestrial sediments (colluvia; paleosols) are present and separate two marine conglomerate deposits, indicating that at least two distinct tsunami inundations are needed to explain the stratigraphy. However, at the new “La Ruina” outcrop, besides the two deposits mentioned above, a third and older marine conglomerate was found, clearly separated in time from the ones cited above. The existence of marine conglomerates emplaced in different moments is evidenced by the occurrence of intercalated paleosols, colluvia and other subaerial materials, implying significant time intervals between the emplacement of marine conglomeratic layers. A number of gastropod operculae from the tsunamiites were sent for U-Th dating to try to further constrain the age span of these deposits. The field evidence presented above shows that the emplacement of the deposits is related to, at least, three tsunami events. The lateral correlation between different outcrops is difficult due to variable number of deposits in each outcrop, lateral discontinuity and variability, and to compositional and textural similarity between distinct tsunami sediments. The occurrence of three Pleistocene tsunami deposits in the same area points to a relatively high frequency of tsunamis (generated by landslides, surface rupturing earthquakes, fast entry of voluminous volcanic deposits into the sea or large submarine eruptions). It is possible that this recurrence of tsunami inundations may reflect multiple-phased landslides responsible for the mega-landslide scars prominent in the geomorphology of the neighbouring island of Tenerife. This is a contribution from project “Estabilidad de los edificios volcánicos en Canarias: análisis de los factores geológicos, geomecánicos y paleoclimáticos. Aplicación a los flancos N y S de la isla de Tenerife” financed by MCT, Spain.

Carbonatos en suelos de la zona oriental de Gran Canaria

The study of three soil profiles in the aridic-xeric zone of Las Palmas island showed that: petrocalcic horizons are formed in pyroclastic episodes; these horizons are generally thick; the xeric zone frequently have polycyclic profiles and their carbonates have complex mineralogy; underlain basaltic rocks are scantly altered, and their joints are frequently filled by carbonates. These facts suggest that the development of these profiles is mostly Pleistocene, and the diffuse carbonates accumulation in depth obstructs the assessment of carbonatation processes.

Morphology and distribution of volcanic bombs in Caldera Quemada de Arriba (Lanzarote, Canary Islands): implications for volcanic hazard analysis

Análisis del riesgo volcánico. We show the preliminary results of the study of 561 volcanic bombs ejected from a pyroclastic cone during the 1730-1736 Timanfaya eruption (Lanzarote, Canary Islands). This cone displays the highest concentration of big bombs (major axis higher than 1 m) of Timanfaya. More than 560 bombs have been studied to calculate their reach. The results suggest that bombs of 1t have a reach of 409 m, while bombs up to 28 t have a reach of 248 m. These data may be used to define a security area once a vent has been opened, but also to calculate other data such the initial velocity of ejection. The geomorphological analysis and the study of the deposits also contribute to better understand an undocumented episode of the Timanfaya eruption and also provide important data for volcanic bombs modeling for volcanic hazard analysis.

Posible interrupción de la autovía GC-2 (Gran Canaria) por deslizamientos y desprendimientos rocosos: análisis de estabilidad del acantilado de el Rincón

En este trabajo se han identificado los deslizamientos y desprendimientos que se pueden desarrollar en el acantilado de El Rincón (Gran Canaria) y sus repercusiones sobre la Autovía GC-2, en la base del acantilado. El análisis de estabilidad realizado para las condiciones actuales indica que la ladera es estable. El análisis a largo plazo considera el sustrato saturado en agua y se limita a los dos bloques rocosos más susceptibles de experimentar deslizamiento: uno a media ladera y otro en coronación. El deslizamiento del bloque de coronación parece más probable ya que sólo requiere la saturación de los piroclastos y está favorecido por la progresiva apertura de la grieta subvertical. Por último, la evaluación de los desprendimientos rocosos que afectan al acantilado indica que los bloques no alcanzarían la calzada de la autovía GC-2; sino que se acumularían en los conos de deyección presentes al pie de la ladera.

Implicaciones geotécnicas de las sucesivas reactivaciones del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana (depresión de Tirajana, Gran Canaria)

Análisis geológico geotécnico de inestabilidades de ladera en terrenos volcánicos. En este trabajo se identifican los factores que han contribuido al desarrollo y reactivación del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana. Para ello, se ha reconstruido la paleotopografía previa al deslizamiento, se ha establecido un modelo geológico de la ladera en función de la observación directa y datos de los mapas geológicos, y se ha generado un modelo geotécnico con datos bibliográficos y datos propios obtenidos en ensayos de laboratorio. Las superficies de rotura del deslizamiento de Pajonales-Rosiana se han desarrollado a través de tobas piroclásticas e ignimbritas que, al ser meteorizadas, desarrollan niveles limo-arcillosos con ángulos de fricción bajos, alta plasticidad y comportamiento expansivo. Por otra parte, la presencia de agua constituyó un factor desencadenante del deslizamiento, ya que para que se produzca la inestabilidad es necesaria la saturación total de las ignimbritas del Grupo Mogán y la saturación parcial de las lavas y piroclastos del Grupo Roque Nublo.

Dendrogeomorphological research applied to flood hazard analysis in the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain).

Se ha realizado un estudio dendrogeomorfológico utilizando las heridas de los árboles como indicadores de paleoinundaciones.

Reconocimiento geológico y métodos de estabilización de taludes rocosos en formaciones volcánicas del sur de Gran Canaria y Fuerteventura, Islas Canarias.

El relieve natural de las islas volcánicas montañosas tiene profundos barrancos taludes rocosos de pronunciadas pendientes y elevados acantilados costeros. Las formaciones geológicas de origen volcánico incluyen materiales rocosos y suelos muy heterogéneos en cuanto a su disposición espacial y comportamiento geomecánico. Además, en las zonas del sur de Gran Canaria y Fuerteventura, con frecuencia las construcciones civiles y de edificación muestran altos taludes practicados en el terreno y, como resultado en diversos puntos se ven afectados por desprendimientos de rocas y deslizamientos En el presente trabajo se muestran dos casos de estudio: 1) Estudio del riesgo de desprendimientos de rocas y métodos de estabilización aplicados en el talud de Los Teques, T.M. de Mogán, sur de Gran Canaria, y 2) Estudio geológico-geotécnico para el proyecto de construcción del paseo peatonal en el acantilado costero de Morro Jable T.M. de Pájara, sur de Fuerteventura. La variación espacial de las formaciones volcamcas, su grado de soldadura y alteración variables y la dificultad de establecer familias de fracturas características, han hecho que los métodos clásicos de clasificación geomecanica resultaran poco eficaces. En estos casos, el reconocimiento geológico detallado y una estimación del comportamiento geomecánico de los materiales ha sido el método empleado para definir y evaluar las zonas inestables en los taludes y para establecer los métodos de estabilización más convenientes.

Analysis and Potential of Use of Biomass Energy in Canary Islands, Spain

Biomass has always been associated with the development of the population in the Canary Islands as the first source of elemental energy that was in the archipelago and the main cause of deforestation of forests, which over the years has been replaced by forest fossil fuels. The Canary Islands store a large amount of energy in the form of biomass. This may be important on a small scale for the design of small power plants with similar fuels from agricultural activities, and these plants could supply rural areas that could have self-sufficiency energy. The problem with the Canary Islands for a boost in this achievement is to ensure the supply to the consumer centers or power plants for greater efficiency that must operate continuously, allowing them to have a resource with regularity, quality and at an acceptable cost. In the Canary Islands converge also a unique topography with a very rugged terrain that makes it greater difficult to use and significantly more expensive. In this work all these aspects are studied, giving conclusions, action paths and theoretical potentials.

Identification of Degraded Land in the Canary Islands; Tests and Reviews

Degraded Land is an area that either by natural causes (fires, floods, storms or volcanic eruptions) or more by direct or indirect causes of human action, has been altered or modified from its natural state. Restoration is an activity that initiates or accelerates the recovery of an ecosystem. It can be defined as the set of actions taken in order to reverse or reduce the damage caused in the territory. In the case of the Canary Islands there is a high possibility for the territory to suffer processes that degrade the environment, given that the islands are very fragile ecosystems. Added to this they are territories isolated from the continent, which complicates the process of restoring them. In this paper, the different types of common degraded areas in the Canary Islands are identified, as well as the proposed solutions for remediation, such as afforestation of agricultural land or landfill closure and restoration.

Challenges for future of Natural Spaces of Canary Islands, Spain

The preservation of biodiversity is a fundamental objective of a ll policies related to a more sustainable development in any modern society. The rain forest and pine forests are two unique Canarian ecosystems with high importance to global biodiversity, holding a large number of endemic species and subspecies that is a priority to preserve. In this work the challenges that will face the natural areas of the Canary Islands are studied, as well as their fundamental value for economic and environmental development of the islands.

Holocene fossil woods from the Caldera de Taburiente National Park (Canary Islands, Spain)

The study of 39 Pinus canariensis Holocene fossil woods from the Caldera de Taburiente is presented

Flood Hazard Analysis in the ”Caldera de Taburiente” National Park (La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain) using Dendrogeomorphology

Aplicación de técnicas dendroecológicas para el estudio de avenidas torrenciales.

Promoción de salud para la generación de entornos saludables en un barrio vulnerable: el caso de Las Remudas, Gran Canaria

Las desigualdades sociales en salud se reflejan también en la segregación espacial de barrios que concentran desventajas estructurales generando entornos poco saludables. Este estudio describe las acciones y estrategias desarrolladas, dentro de un proceso de intervención socio-comunitaria en salud, para mejorar el entorno de un barrio desfavorecido y la percepción vecinal de las transformaciones vividas. Metodología: Se construye un estudio de caso a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave. Resultado: los informantes reconocen la transformación del entorno en aspectos urbanísticos, ambientales y sociales y la importancia de su participación en ello. La apertura de nuevos comercios o la disminución de la criminalidad son indicadores objetivos de esta mejora. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de promoción de salud para mejorar el entorno deben considerar su multidimensionalidad y, por tanto, su abordaje multisectorial a través de metodologías participativas que involucren a los diversos actores sociales.

Canary Islands, Spain, 1653 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Les Isles Canariespar P. Du Val d'Abbeville, Geographe Ordinaire du Roy. It was published by chez Pierre Mariette, rue S. Jacque a l'Esperance, avec privilege in 1653. Scale [ca. 1:1,050,000]. Covers the Canary Islands, Spain. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Mercator projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, villages and other human settlements, shoreline features, anchorage points, and more. Relief shown pictorially. Includes also notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Isla de Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain, 1779 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Mapa de la isla de Fuerteventura, por Don Tomás Lopez, geografo de los dominios de S. M. de las Reales academias de la historia, de San Fernando, de la de buenas letras de Sevilla y de la Sociedad Bascongada de los amigos del pais. It was published by se hallará este con todas las obras del autor en la Calle de las Carretas entrando por la Plazuela del Angel in 1779. Scale [ca. 1:280,000]. Covers Isla de Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, Spain. Map in Spanish.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the World Mercator projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, villages and other human settlements, roads, shoreline features, ports and anchorage points, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes note on the mapping of Fuerteventura.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.