Reseña del libro de María Angélica Corva: "Constituir el gobierno, afianzar la justicia. El Poder Judicial de la provincia de Buenos Aires (1853-1881)". 1a ed. Rosario. Prohistoria Ediciones; Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones

Fil: Calandria, María Sol. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

An 18th century understanding of migraine - Samuel Tissot (1728-1797)

During the period 1778-1780 the Swiss physician Samuel A A D Tissot (1728-1797) published his Traite des nerfs et de leur maladies, a work which continued to be available and widely influential until at least the middle of the following century. It contained a long chapter dealing with migraine, based on the earlier literature on the topic and on Tissot's own clinical experience. The work appeared at the beginning of the modern era of interest in migraine, and provided the first reasonably adequate and systematic account of the disorder to become widely available. Its descriptions of migraine phenomena have an enduring validity, though Tissot's ideas on the pathogenesis of the disorder, viz. that it usually arose from stomach disturbance, were not founded on satisfactory evidence and are long since superseded. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of Myrmecocichla formicivora (Vieillot, 1881) and Philetairus socius (Latham, 1790) (Aves; Passeriformes), with a new interpretation of the passeridan acrosome

Passerine spermatozoa exhibit apomorphies that distinguish them from non-passerine neognaths and palaeognaths. The acrosome is longer than the nucleus (excepting the suboscines, most Corvida, and a few Passerida). A perforatorium and endonuclear canals are absent. The proximal centriole is absent (except in the suboscines). The distal centriole is secondarily short, contrasting with its elongate condition in palaeognaths and Galloanserae. In the Passerida a single mitochondrial strand winds extensively along the axoneme (restricted to the anterior axoneme in suboscines and Corvida). A fibrous, or amorphous, periaxonemal sheath, seen in palaeognaths and many non-passerines, respectively, is absent. The acrosome in Myrmecocichla formicivora and Philetairus socius is bipartite: an acrosome core is surmounted by an acrosome crest; the core is ensheathed by a layer which is a posterior extension of the crest. The acrosome helix is a lateral extension of the crest and the crest layer with (Myrmecocichla) or without (Philetairus) protrusion of material of the acrosome core into it. In M. formicivora, as in other muscicapoids, a fibrous helix is intertwined with at least the more proximal region of the mitochondrial helix. The fibrous helix is absent at maturity in Philetairus and other described passeroid spermatozoa with the possible exception of Passer italiae. In Philetairus a granular helix precedes the mitochondrial helix.

EDUCAÇÃO, MISSÃO E GÊNERO:AS CARTAS DE MARTHA HITE WATTS (1881-1895)

O presente estudo analisou a implantação e a prática educativa do trabalho da missionária metodista norte-americana Martha Hite Watts na virada do século XIX e início do século XX, na cidade de Piracicaba, situada no estado de São Paulo. Os eixos de análise para interpretar as interfaces históricas do período baseiam-se em três aspectos: gênero, educação e missão. Martha Watts, é considerada a primeira educadora metodista no Brasil. Sua atuação se deu a partir de 1881, na cidade de Piracicaba, onde fundou o Colégio Piracicabano, que permanece em funcionamento até o presente momento. Sua experiência educacional foi relevante para o desempenho das escolas metodistas ao adotar uma pedagogia inovadora, nos moldes dos países europeus e de sua terra natal. No Brasil do final do século XIX, Martha Watts mostrou determinação ao enfrentar as diferenças de uma nova cultura e novo ambiente com hábitos, gestos e palavras estranhas para ela. O estudo procurou, a partir do diálogo com as cartas deixadas pela missionária, contribuir para a linha de pesquisa em História da Educação Brasileira. A obra da missionária Martha Watts se configura como um valioso legado para o estudo da História da Educação, História das Mulheres e Gênero.(AU)

A geometria do compasso (1797) de Mascheroni (1750 – 1800) em atividades com o GeoGebra

The present work aims to show a possible relationship between the use of the History of Mathematics and Information and Communication Technologies (TIC) in teaching Mathematics through activities that use geometric constructions of the “Geometry of the Compass” (1797) by Lorenzo Mascheroni (1750-1800). For this, it was performed a qualitative research characterized by an historical exploration of bibliographical character followed by an empirical intervention based on use of the History of Mathematics combined with TIC through Mathematical Investigation. Thus, studies were performed in papers dealing with the topic, as well as a survey to highlight problems and /or episodes of the history of mathematics that can be solved with the help of TIC, allowing the production of a notebook of activities addressing the resolution of historical problems in a computer environment. In this search, we came across the problems of geometry that are presented by Mascheroni stated previously in the work that we propose solutions and investigations using GeoGebra software. The research resulted in the elaboration of an educational product, a notebook of activities, which was structure to allow during its implementation, students can conduct historical and/or Mathematics research, therefore, we present the procedures for realization of each construction, followed at some moments by original solution of the work. At the same time, we encourage students to investigate/reflect its construction (GeoGebra), in addition to making comparisons with the solution Mascheroni. This notebook was applied to two classes of the course of Didactics of Mathematics I (MAT0367) Course in Mathematics UFRN in 2014. Knowing the existence of some unfavorable arguments regarding the use of history of mathematics, such as loss of time, it was found that this factor can be mitigated with the aid of computational resource, because we can make checks using only the dynamism of and software without repeating the construction. It is noteworthy that the minimized time does not mean loss of reflection or maturation of ideas, when we adopted the process of historical and/or Mathematics Investigation

Queen's College Journal (1880-1881)

The Journal has been Queen's main student newspaper since it was founded in 1873. It appears twice a week on campus with a mix of news, sports, and entertainment stories, editorials, letters to the editor, and photographs. The paper is students' most important source of news and general information and has been a training ground for scores of Canadian journalists.

Queen's College Journal (1881-1882)

The Journal has been Queen's main student newspaper since it was founded in 1873. It appears twice a week on campus with a mix of news, sports, and entertainment stories, editorials, letters to the editor, and photographs. The paper is students' most important source of news and general information and has been a training ground for scores of Canadian journalists.

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene strata of the Pamplona Basin and surrounding areas (Navarre, western Pyrenees)

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene (Bartonian and Priabonian) sedimentary succession of the Pamplona Basin are described. This succession was accumulated in the western part of the South Pyrenean peripheral foreland basin and extends from deep-marine turbiditic (Ezkaba Sandstone Formation) to deltaic (Pamplona Marl, Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations) and marginal marine deposits (Gendulain Formation). The micropalaeontological content is high. It is dominated by foraminifera, and common ostracods and other microfossils are also present. The fossil ichnoasssemblages include at least 23 ichnogenera and 28 ichnospecies indicative of Nereites, Cruziana, Glossifungites and ?Scoyenia-Mermia ichnofacies. Body macrofossils of 78 taxa corresponding to macroforaminifera, sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms and vertebrates have been identified. Both the number of ichnotaxa and of species (e. g. bryozoans, molluscs and condrichthyans) may be considerably higher. Body fossil assemblages are comparable to those from the Eocene of the Nord Pyrenean area (Basque Coast), and also to those from the Eocene of the west-central and eastern part of South Pyrenean area (Aragon and Catalonia). At the European scale, the molluscs assemblages seem endemic from the Pyrenean area, although several Tethyan (Italy and Alps) and Northern elements (Paris basin and Normandy) have been recorded. Palaeontological data of studied sedimentary units fit well with the shallowing process that throughout the middle and late Eocene occurs in the area, according to the sedimentological and stratigraphical data.

Demonstration of passive plasma lensing of a laser wakefield accelerated electron bunch

We report on the first demonstration of passive all-optical plasma lensing using a two-stage setup. An intense femtosecond laser accelerates electrons in a laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to 100 MeVover millimeter length scales. By adding a second gas target behind the initial LWFAstage we introduce a robust and independently tunable plasma lens. We observe a density dependent reduction of the LWFA electron beam divergence from an initial value of 2.3 mrad, down to 1.4 mrad (rms), when the plasma lens is in operation. Such a plasma lens provides a simple and compact approach for divergence reduction well matched to the mm-scale length of the LWFA accelerator. The focusing forces are provided solely by the plasma and driven by the bunch itself only, making this a highly useful and conceptually new approach to electron beam focusing. Possible applications of this lens are not limited to laser plasma accelerators. Since no active driver is needed the passive plasma lens is also suited for high repetition rate focusing of electron bunches. Its understanding is also required for modeling the evolution of the driving particle bunch in particle driven wake field acceleration.

Le développement de l'instruction publique catholique à Magog : ses rapports avec le processus d'industrialisation, 1879-1943

La présente étude présente un exemple concret du développement d'une commission scolaire en fonction de l'amorce du processus d'industrialisation dans une ville des Cantons de l'Est, Magog. L'étude débute avec l'école catholique dissidente en 1879, un peu avant la mise en place du processus d'industrialisation à Magog. La recherche s'arrête en 1943, date de la loi sur la fréquentation scolaire obligatoire au Québec. Les conséquences démographiques issues de l'industrialisation viennent transformer considérablement le visage ethnique et religieux de Magog. Principalement constituée d'Américains protestants, la population magogoise subit une intense transformation ethnique et religieuse entre 1881 et 1891. De protestante et anglophone qu'elle était jusqu'alors, elle devient majoritairement catholique et francophone en moins de dix ans. L'appareil scolaire en place n'est pas sans subir l'impact de ces profonds changements. D'abord conçu pour une clientèle enfantine protestante, il s'adapte en fonction des nouveaux arrivants en créant une branche dissidente catholique en 1879. Les dissidents catholiques, à leur tour, s'organisent en commission scolaire en 1890. Afin de considérer le développement scolaire de Magog comme une phase de l'évolution d'une localité, l'étude est centrée autour de la problématique suivante: quels sont les principaux obstacles qui ont exercé une influence sur le développement scolaire de Magog? Basée essentiellement sur des sources quantitatives et qualitatives variées de la Commission scolaire de Memphrémagog, états financiers, registres d'appel, procès-verbaux et correspondance, notre démarche est de reconstituer le passer administratif de la corporation scolaire: ses ressources humaines, matérielles et financières, ses clientèles, ses services. L'objectif visé ici est de vérifier et caractériser la capacité d'adaptation de la commission scolaire face à des situations comme les hausses de clientèles, le développement des quartiers, les relations entre l'usine textile et les jeunes travailleurs et enfin, la nature des rapports entre les décideurs et les membres de la communauté locale. Le mémoire est divisé en quatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre consiste à situer notre démarche à l'intérieur des courants ou tendances en histoire de l'éducation au Québec. Un rapide survol de l'historiographie nous a permis d'identifier notre démarche à un courant historiographique nouveau et issu d'historiens ontariens insatisfaits de l'approche radicale du contrôle social qui a sous-estimé, aux yeux de certains, le rôle effectif des régions dans le développement de l'Instruction publique. Cette nouvelle approche théorique met donc l'accent sur le rôle important des communautés locales dans l'organisation des structures scolaires. Aussi, l'apport de la sociologie de l'éducation et de la théorie générale des systèmes (approche systémique) nous a permis d'axer notre étude non pas en regard d'un seul point d'intérêt, mais surtout à partir de l'interaction soutenue entre les différentes factions ou acteurs afin de faire évoluer le système scolaire en fonction de besoins manifestes de la communauté locale ou issus de politiques étatiques. Une deuxième partie du chapitre est consacrée au contexte historique qui met en place les structures éducatives sur le territoire. Le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse à identifier les principaux acteurs qui oeuvrent au sein du système. Avec la création du régime municipal et de l'élargissement de ses pouvoirs dans la commission scolaire, l'État décentralise une bonne partie de l'administration scolaire et précise son rôle d'organisme subventionnaire aux corporations scolaires. Regroupés autour de leur commission scolaire, enfants, parents et citoyens contribuent à accroître les besoins scolaires. Pour équilibrer cette demande, le Conseil des commissaires oriente ses politiques vers un juste milieu entre les orientations gouvernementales, ses ressources matérielles et l'implication personnelle de chacun des commissaires. Le rôle de l'Église et de la petite bourgeoisie a contribué à concentrer l'effort du progrès de l'éducation vers des secteurs privilégiés de la ville, ne tenant pas toujours compte des besoins scolaires réels de l'ensemble de la population. Le chapitre IH présente le portrait concret du partage entre l'État et les communautés locales dans le financement du réseau public d'éducation et introduit un nouvel acteur dans le système: le milieu industriel local. Après une étude sur les revenus, les dépenses et les emprunts, il est démontré clairement que la communauté locale finance presque à elle seule les écoles publiques de Magog: 90% des recettes totales de la commission scolaire provient des contribuables catholiques. Les subventions du DIP sont nettement en-deçà de ce que l'État se proposait de soutenir au XIXe siècle (une subvention égale au montant total perçu en taxes scolaires). Un regard sur l'attitude des conseillers municipaux à accorder des arrangements politico-économiques à l'usine textile nous a permis d'identifier des conséquences non négligeables dans la perception des taxes scolaires de l'usine. Dans la période où l'usine textile demande des exemptions et commutations de taxes (de 1894 à 1943), les élus municipaux rajustent (ou conservent) l'évaluation du complexe industriel à une fraction seulement de l'évaluation réelle, ne tenant pas ainsi compte des nombreux ajouts et constructions qui affectent à la hausse l'évaluation foncière de la compagnie. Résultat: les commissaires catholiques ne perçoivent pas les sommes réelles qui leur sont dues. Cette disparité fiscale n'est pas sans affecter la commission scolaire aux prises avec de lourds emprunts issus des nombreuses constructions scolaires pour accueillir les enfants des nouveaux arrivants. L'étude des modalités du développement scolaire (quatrième chapitre) nous a permis de mettre en lumière la nature des rapports entre factions de la communauté locale et leurs représentants au Conseil des commissaires. Une étude sur les revendications et les affrontements entre les résidents du quartier ouvrier et membres du Conseil nous a permis de voir que les commissaires d'école ne prennent pas toujours les décisions politiques adéquates pour répondre aux besoins scolaires de la ville. L'appartenance sociale et géographique des commissaires justifient les priorités adoptées et qui se traduisent par un souci pour les écoles du centre-ville et particulièrement des garçons, plutôt que dans le quartier ouvrier, là où se manifestent depuis longtemps des besoins scolaires de plus en plus criants.

Aprendizaje, intereses coloniales y sociedad. Los viajes de la fragata de guerra Alceste de la Marina Francesa por Canarias, 1881-1883

La singular ubicación de las Islas Canarias en la ruta atlántica utilizada por las potencias europeas en el recorrido hacia sus colonias durante el siglo xix llevó a una estrecha relación de la sociedad canaria con países como Reino Unido, Alemania o Francia. El país galo mostró un especial interés por contar con bases marítimas en las Islas. Los distintos viajes de la fragata Alceste comandada por el almirante De Cuverville durante los años 1881 a 1883 muestran la importante situación estratégica de las Islas, las claras intenciones de la nación francesa para con ellas y la aceptación social canaria.

Instancia hecha por el cabildo eclesiástico de Monterrey, N.L. para que éste radique en la villa del Saltillo, Coahuila, 1797

Representación del Cabildo eclesiástico de Monterrey al virrey en apoyo a la petición del obispo Andrés Ambrosio de Llanos y Valdés para trasladar la sede de la Silla Episcopal a la villa de Saltillo en 1797; documento en resguardo del Archivo Histórico de la Defensa Nacional.

Avel·lí Artís i Balaguer (1881-1954), comediógrafo e impresor-editor. Entre la plenitud del cambio de siglos y el exilio

This thesis has its origin in a previous work: “The Catalan theatrical life in the magazine ‘El Teatre Català’ (1912-1917)” (DEA, UCM, 2004-2005), focused on the history, description and the indexes of that magazine. Among the historical and literary references ordered there, we chose a figure that would make a monographic work resulting in the present Doctoral Thesis. The choice fell on Avel·lí Artís i Balaguer (1881-1954), whose personality and literary corpus, allow additional possibilities for research. The cultural and literary reach of his life and his work covers a whole historical cycle in Catalan culture and literature, which moves from its contemporary consolidation towards the drama of its temporal dislocation, between the Spanish Civil War and the exile experience. This e historical itinerary is represented by Avel·lí Artís i Balaguer, being a playwright and a publisher. He’s been considered a comedy playwright since his editions bear titles such as “comedy”, “pas comedy”, “sainet” “quadro”, “farce” or “dialogue”, at most we find the word “Drama” once and “tragicomedy” twice, and we can find all this, in a series of texts for the representation ranging from 1909 to 1938. Secondly, as a professional fully involved in printing and publishing, thereby covering since its first steps as a compositor in the late nineties of the 19th century until his activity as a crucial character for magazines and other publishing projects, from the first decade of the 20th century until the last year of his Mexican exile...