Kasvun tuomat haasteet ja niistä selviytyminen puunjalostusalan pk-yrityksessä

Tässä työssä on tutkittu pk-yritysten kasvun myötä kohtaamia johtamiseen liittyviä haasteita ja ongelmia sekä niihin yleisesti sovellettuja ratkaisumalleja. Työhön sisältyy empiirinen selvitys erään puunjalostusalalla toimivan pk-yrityksen sisäisen toiminnan nykytilasta ja johtamisessa kohdatuista ongelmista. Työssä annetaan kehitysehdotuksina pk-yritykseen sovellettuja menetelmiä, joilla havaittuja ongelmakohtia voidaan kyseisessä yrityksessä ratkaista. Työn yhteydessä on lisäksi tehty konkreettisia kehityshankkeita materiaalienhallintaan ja kustannusseurantaan liittyen.

Integration of Electronic Commerce and Enterprise Systems

The necessity of EC (Electronic Commerce) and enterprise systems integration is perceived from the integrated nature of enterprise systems. The proven benefits of EC to provide competitive advantages to the organizations force enterprises to adopt and integrate EC with their enterprise systems. Integration is a complex task to facilitate seamless flow of information and data between different systems within and across enterprises. Different systems have different platforms, thus to integrate systems with different platforms and infrastructures, integration technologies, such as middleware, SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), ESB (Enterprise Service Bus), JCA (J2EE Connector Architecture), and B2B (Business-to-Business) integration standards are required. Huge software vendors, such as Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, and SAP suggest various solutions to address EC and enterprise systems integration problems. There are limited numbers of literature about the integration of EC and enterprise systems in detail. Most of the studies in this area have focused on the factors which influence the adoption of EC by enterprise or other studies provide limited information about a specific platform or integration methodology in general. Therefore, this thesis is conducted to cover the technical details of EC and enterprise systems integration and covers both the adoption factors and integration solutions. In this study, many literature was reviewed and different solutions were investigated. Different enterprise integration approaches as well as most popular integration technologies were investigated. Moreover, various methodologies of integrating EC and enterprise systems were studied in detail and different solutions were examined. In this study, the influential factors to adopt EC in enterprises were studied based on previous literature and categorized to technical, social, managerial, financial, and human resource factors. Moreover, integration technologies were categorized based on three levels of integration, which are data, application, and process. In addition, different integration approaches were identified and categorized based on their communication and platform. Also, different EC integration solutions were investigated and categorized based on the identified integration approaches. By considering different aspects of integration, this study is a great asset to the architectures, developers, and system integrators in order to integrate and adopt EC with enterprise systems.

Metsäteollisuuden ympäristöstrategia hallinnon näkökulmasta : Metsäteollisuuden kehitysskenaariot vuoteen 2020

Suomen metsäteollisuus elää voimakasta uusiutumis- ja murrosvaihetta, joka ilmenee muutoksina yksittäisten tehtaiden ja tehdasintegraattien toiminnassa. Monia yksikköjä on poistunut tuotannosta ja tuotannon painotusta on muutettu. Toisaalta metsäteollisuus on suuntaamassa uusille aloille, jolloin tuotteina voivat olla esimerkiksi erilaiset biopolttoaineet, kemianteollisuuden raaka-aineet ja uuden sukupolven paperi- ja kartonkituotteet. Metsäteollisuuden muuttuminen ja laitosten monimutkaistuminen sekä jatkuvasti lisääntyvä tiedontarve asettavat yhä suurempia vaatimuksia sekä toiminnanharjoittajien ympäristövastaaville että viranomaisille. Hallinnon jatkuva muutos ja niukkenevat voimavarat voivat johtaa siihen, että käytännön lupa- ja valvontatyöhön jää yhä vähemmän aikaa. Kaakkois-Suomen ELY-keskuksen koordinoima hanke ”Metsäteollisuuden ympäristöstrategia vuoteen 2020 – hallinnon näkökulma” pyrkii vastaamaan edellä mainittuihin haasteisiin strategiatyön avulla. Hankkeen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella metsäteollisuuden ympäristönäkökohtia niistä lähtökohdista, joihin yritys voi vaikuttaa raaka-aineen tulosta tehtaalle ja tuotteen lähdöstä tehtaalta sekä tehtaan perustamisesta sulkemiseen ja jälkihoitoon asti. Tavoitteena oli määritellä toiminnoille toimiva ympäristöstrategia. Strategiassa pyrittiin löytämään yhteisymmärrys toiminnanharjoittajan ja viranomaisen kanssa mm. siitä, miten otetaan käyttöön parhaat käytännöt niin teollisuudessa kuin hallinnossakin, toimitaan uusien BAT-, IED- ja vesienhoitoperiaatteiden mukaisesti sekä edistetään kestävän kehityksen mukaisten tuotteiden markkinoille tuloa ja otetaan ennakointi tavaksi -lähtökohta käyttöön kaikessa toiminnassa. Hanketyössä esille nousseet haasteet ryhmiteltiin aihealueittain kolmeksi pääkohdaksi tärkeysjärjestyksessä: viranomaisen ja teollisuuden tiedonkulun ja tietämyksen parantaminen, lupa-, valvonta- ja hallintoprosessien parantaminen sekä uusien haasteiden kartoittaminen ja niihin reagointi. Haasteiden ratkaisukeinoiksi etsittiin käytännön toimenpiteitä sekä määriteltiin niille vastuutahot. Toimenpiteiksi esitettiin mm. viranomaisen ja teollisuuden yhteisiä koulutuspäiviä, asiantuntijapaneelin perustamista sekä lupamääräysten antamista myös tehtaan tai tuotantoyksikön sulkemisen tai muuttamisen varalle. Riittävien resurssien ja tietotaidon turvaaminen niin hallinnossa kuin teollisuudessa on ehdoton edellytys toimenpiteiden onnistumiselle.

Green Marketing and its Role in Firm’s Strategy

Tässä kandidaatintutkielmassa tutkitaan vihreän markkinoinnin strategista roolia ja sen tuomaa lisäarvoa yritykselle. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, mitä vihreä markkinointi on, mistä syistä yritykset harjoittavat sitä ja tuoko se lisäarvoa yritykselle. Case-yrityksinä tutkielmassa ovat UPM-Raflatac ja Lappeenrannan Energia Oy.

Ensuring the efficient utilization of Business Intelligence

In recent years, chief information officers (CIOs) around the world have identified Business Intelligence (BI) as their top priority and as the best way to enhance their enterprises competitiveness. Yet, many enterprises are struggling to realize the business value that BI promises. This discrepancy causes important questions, for example: what are the critical success factors of Business Intelligence and, more importantly, how it can be ensured that a Business Intelligence program enhances enterprises competitiveness. The main objective of the study is to find out how it can be ensured that a BI program meets its goals in providing competitive advantage to an enterprise. The objective is approached with a literature review and a qualitative case study. For the literature review the main objective populates three research questions (RQs); RQ1: What is Business Intelligence and why is it important for modern enterprises? RQ2: What are the critical success factors of Business Intelligence programs? RQ3: How it can be ensured that CSFs are met? The qualitative case study covers the BI program of a Finnish global manufacturer company. The research questions for the case study are as follows; RQ4: What is the current state of the case company’s BI program and what are the key areas for improvement? RQ5: In what ways the case company’s Business Intelligence program could be improved? The case company’s BI program is researched using the following methods; action research, semi-structured interviews, maturity assessment and benchmarking. The literature review shows that Business Intelligence is a technology-based information process that contains a series of systematic activities, which are driven by the specific information needs of decision-makers. The objective of BI is to provide accurate, timely, fact-based information, which enables taking actions that lead to achieving competitive advantage. There are many reasons for the importance of Business Intelligence, two of the most important being; 1) It helps to bridge the gap between an enterprise’s current and its desired performance, and 2) It helps enterprises to be in alignment with key performance indicators meaning it helps an enterprise to align towards its key objectives. The literature review also shows that there are known critical success factors (CSFs) for Business Intelligence programs which have to be met if the above mentioned value is wanted to be achieved, for example; committed management support and sponsorship, business-driven development approach and sustainable data quality. The literature review shows that the most common challenges are related to these CSFs and, more importantly, that overcoming these challenges requires a more comprehensive form of BI, called Enterprise Performance Management (EPM). EPM links measurement to strategy by focusing on what is measured and why. The case study shows that many of the challenges faced in the case company’s BI program are related to the above-mentioned CSFs. The main challenges are; lack of support and sponsorship from business, lack of visibility to overall business performance, lack of rigid BI development process, lack of clear purpose for the BI program and poor data quality. To overcome these challenges the case company should define and design an enterprise metrics framework, make sure that BI development requirements are gathered and prioritized by business, focus on data quality and ownership, and finally define clear goals for the BI program and then support and sponsor these goals.

Elintarviketehtaan tuotantolinjan kunnonvalvonnan kehittäminen

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kunnonvalvontajärjestelmän kehittäminen nykyaikaiselle elintarviketeollisuuden tuotantolinjalle. Työssä etsittiin olemassa olevia kunnonvalvontamenetelmiä ja -sovelluksia erityisesti jäätelötuotantolaitteiden tarpeisiin. Kirjallisuudesta löydettiin sovelluksia lähinnä yksittäisille komponenteille ja kone-elimille. Tutkimuksen kohteena oleva tuotantolinja käytiin läpi toimintojen ja komponenttien osalta. Tehtaan laitekantaa ja valmiutta kunnonvalvonnan käyttöönotolle käsiteltiin yleisellä tasolla. Kunnonvalvontajärjestelmää kehitettäessä käytettiin hyväksi kirjallisuudesta löytyneitä menetelmiä, joista soveltuvimpia käytettiin kunnonvalvontametodien kartoittamiseen. Kunnonvalvontametodit muodostettiin toiminnanohjausjärjestelmästä ja linjan käyttöönotosta saatujen tietojen avulla. Tietoja käytettiin vika-vaikutusanalyysissä, joka oli pohjana komponentti- ja menetelmäkohtaisessa analyysissa. Kriittisiä ja tuotannon tehokkuuteen vaikuttavia koneenosia ja kokonaisuuksia tarkasteltiin kunnonvalvontamenetelmien soveltuvuuden avulla. Tutkimuksen edetessä kehitettiin kokonaisvaltaiset toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän avulla toimivat eritasoiset kunnonvalvontahypoteesit, joiden avulla linjan yksittäisten komponenttien kuntoa voidaan valvoa. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa kehitettiin uusia kunnonvalvontasovelluksia, joita on mahdollista käyttää myös tehtaan muilla linjoilla. Kunnonvalvontahypoteeseja käytettiin kokonaisen kunnonvalvontajärjestelmän luomiseen. Tehtaalla on mahdollisuus valita käyttöönotettavan kunnonvalvonnan taso hypoteesien sekä kunnossapitostrategian avulla.

Mitigating uncertainty in logistics outsourcing with ERP systems

Outsourcing is a common strategy for companies looking for cost savings and improvements in performance. This has been especially prevalent in logistics, where warehousing and transporting are typical targets for outsourcing. However, while the benefits from logistics outsourcing are clear on paper, there are several cases companies fail to reach these benefits. The most commonly cited reasons for this are poor information flow between the company and the third party logistics partner, and a lack of integration between the two partners. Uncertainty stems from lack of information, and it can cripple the whole outsourcing operation. This is where enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems step in, as they can have a significant role in improving the flow of information, and integration, which consequently mitigates uncertainty. The purpose of the study is to examine if ERP systems have an effect on a company's decision to outsource logistics operations. Along the rapid advancements in technology during the past decades, ERP systems have also evolved. Therefore, empirical research on the subject needs constant revision as it can quickly become outdated due to ERP systems having more advanced capabilities every year. The research was conducted using a qualitative single-case study of a Finnish manufacturing firm that had outsourced warehousing and transportation operations in the Swedish market. The empirical data was gathered with use of semi-structured interviews with three employees from the case company that were closely related to the outsourcing operation. The theoretical framework that was used to analyze the empirical data was based on Transaction Cost Economics theory. The results of the study were align with the theoretical framework, in that the ERP system of the case company was seen as an enabler for their logistics outsourcing operation. However, the full theoretical benefits from ERP systems concerning extended enterprise functionality and flexibility were not attained due to the case company having an older version of their ERP system. This emphasizes the importance of having up-to-date technology if you want to overcome the shortcomings of ERP systems in outsourcing situations.

Process modeling method for electric accessories manufacturing enterprise

The theoretical research of the study focused to business process management and business process modeling, the goal was to found a new business process modeling method for electrical accessories manufacturing enterprise. The focus was to find few options for business process modeling methods where company could have chosen the best one for its needs The study was carried out as a qualitative research with an action study and a case study as the most important ways collect data. In the empirical part of the study examples of company’s processes modeled with the new modeling method and process modeling process are presented. The new way of modeling processes improves especially visual presentation of the processes and improves the understanding how employees should work in the organizational interfaces of the process and in the interfaces between different processes. The results of the study is a new unified way to model company’s processes, which makes it easier to understand and create the process models. This improved readability makes it possible to reduce the costs that were created from the unclear old process models.

Re-shaping the Resourcing: Recruitment in Social Media

Social media is very current topic in today’s society and organisations. In the times of economic challenges, companies are looking for efficient ways to resource workforce. In addition, there is competition of competent workforce in employment markets. Employer image plays important role in recruitment as people seek to organisations they find interesting and have a reputation as a good employer. This study concerns the discussion on utilising social media in recruitment and employer image in a corporate enterprise. I will find solutions how to utilize social media in recruitment, in which channels and methods that can be done and what these actions require from a company doing social recruitment. I bring up the discussion and challenges that relate to starting to take social media into use in an organization overall and in recruitment. The qualitative material has been gathered with interviews of eighteen persons and the material available about the topic in the enterprise intranet. According to the study, social media is seen both as an opportunity to reach large amount of people quickly and cost-efficiently, but then again it brings news aspects for controlling the employer image and communication towards the audience. Taking social media into use as part of recruiters and managers daily work requires both finding the right channels and attention to the internal communication culture and resourcing. Social recruitment requires a strategy and a proper plan to be able to work in a company. There are several social media channels that enable to reach people, but they don’t do the social recruitment alone.

Supporting UK Repositories; a Cohesive Strategy

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

International Partnering strategy for e-learning provider in emerging economies: Evidence from East Africa learning institutions

International partnership has received growing interest in the literature during the past decades due to globalization, increased technological approaches and rapid changes in competitive environments. The study specifically determines the support provided by international partners on promotion of e-learning in East Africa, assess the motives of partner selection criteria, the determinants of selecting partners, partner models and partner competence of e-learning provider. The study also evaluates obstacles of e-learning partnering strategy in East Africa learning institutions. The research adopts a descriptive survey design. Target population involved East Africa learning institutions with a list of potential institutions generated from the Ministry of Higher Education database. Through a targeted reduction of the initial database, consisting of all learning institutions, both public and private, the study created a target sample base of 200 learning institutions. Structured questionnaires scheduled were used to collect primary data. Study findings showed the approach way East African communities in selecting their e-learning partners depend on international reputation of partners, partner with ability to negotiate with foreign governments, partner with international and local experiences, nationality of foreign partner and partners with local market knowledge.

Project Controlling and Management in IT Consulting Enterprise

Liiketoiminnan organisoiminen projekteiksi on erittäin yleistä nykyisin. Suuri osa projekteista erityisesti IT-alalla epäonnistuu kuitenkin saavuttamaan tavoitteensa. Projektin menestys on tyypillisesti mitattu budjetin, aikataulun, laadun ja sidosryhmien tyytyväisyyden perusteella. Tämän Pro Gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on etsiä tyypillisimpiä syitä projektien epäonnistumiseen ja löytää projektien seurannan ja mittaamisen avulla keinoja näiden epäonnistumisten ehkäisemiseen. Tutkimusmenetelmänä on laadullinen tapaustutkimus. Empiirinen aineisto on kerätty haastattelujen, eri materiaalien analysoinnin ja havainnoinnin avulla. Teoriaosuus tarjoaa kattavan yhteenvedon projektiliiketoiminnan ja yksittäisten projektien johtamiseen sekä projektien seurantaan ja mittaamiseen aikaisemman kirjallisuuden perusteella. Empiirisessä osiossa suoritetaan analyysi Case -yrityksen projektien seurantaan ja valittuihin projekteihin. Analyysien, haastattelujen ja havainnoinnin pohjalta tehdään johtopäätökset tyypillisimmistä, ongelmia projekteissa aiheuttavista tekijöistä sekä näiden esiintymisestä projektin elinkaaren eri vaiheissa. Mahdolliset ongelmia ehkäisevät keinot esitetään myös. Ehdotuksia kehityskohteiksi esitetään lopuksi teorian ja empirian pohjalta.