A cunha do ciclo de fácies do Grupo Guatá (Eopermiano) na margem sub-aflorante do norte paranaense

A wedge facies cycle it‟s a body of sedimentary rock, bounded above and below by unconformity and which represents a transgressive-regressive cycle of deposition. This cycle is formed by the following succession of facies: non-marine (N), transitional-coarse texture, and marine-fine texture; The objective of this study have been members of the sandstones and Triumph Siderópolis, seconded by rare calcareous sandstones and very thin limb Paraguaçu. Through analysis of facies in wells testified by CPRM, it was possible to group on facies successions and set the standard stacking. The Triunfo Member consists of three cycles of facies, lithology whose standard indicates a vertical arrangement ''type'' tuning up, other words, a component sandy bottom in the form of '' box'', followed by components sandy-clayey and clayey-carbonaceous (1st and 2nd cycle) and / or shale and limestone (3rd cycle), represented by the base member Paraguaçu. The first cycle only occurs on NF-5 wells and NF-6 in the form of Onlap channel dug in post-Itararé group. The cycle II also reaches wells NF-4 and NF-3 to the north, while the cycle III reaches the southern area, well NF-9. The member Paraguaçu, well PP-25 is predominantly clay-síltico, also stand out limestones and sandstones. The limestones are not coastal marine organisms probably connected with the algae and cyanobacteria, the sandstones are fine-textured, very thin and coastal deposition environment. The member Siderópolis, well NF-2 consists of a sandstone fluvial-estuarine deployed in the valley section, and succeeded by sandstones and siltstones bioturbed, they have linked the transgression of the Fm. Palermo

Sucessão estratigráfica e paleoambientes dos microbialitos proterozóicos do membro sumidouro, formação lagamar, grupo Vazante, na fazenda Sumaré, em Lagamar - MG

Microbialites (irregular agglutinated grains, laterally continuous mats and stromatolites) occur in small, nearly continuous outcrops over a ~60 m-thick carbonate interval of the Sumidouro Member, Lagamar Formation, Vazante Group, Meso-Neoproterozoic, on the Sumaré Farm, in Lagamar (MG, Southeastern Brazil). Diversified stromatolites formed under shallow, high energy conditions predominate and exhibit frequent lateral and vertical changes, including probable bioherm borders. In the lower part of the interval, coniform columnar stromatolites (Conophyton), representative of the deepest and/or calmest settings, are common. Higher up, narrow subcylindrical unbranched forms become abundant and may grade to forms with subparallel dichotomous or multiple divergent branches. The microbialites are apparently organized in shallowing upward cycles

Biodegradação da vinhaça resíduo da produção de etanol

The State of São Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material – which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970’s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-ÁLCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that’s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue’s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Monitoramento geofísico no aterro controlado do município de Cordeirópolis (SP)

The geophysical methods are widely applied in environmental characterization and monitoring studies. The resistivity method, in particular, has a wide area of applications, being effective in studies of solid waste landfills. The present work propose a geophysical monitoring in the Cordeirópolis city controlled landfill and analyze relationships between variation of electrical resistivity parameter, the residence time of the solid waste in landfill, the rainfall in the region and the organic matter biodegradation processes. The study has no monitoring system to control the products generated in the organic matter decomposition found in waste such as sealing blanket or leachate or gas drains. The results shows that the electrical resistivity parameter was effective in monitoring the landfill contamination plume

Biodegradação de materiais poliméricos por fungos filamentosos

The use of polymeric materials has grown in recent years due to its high durability features, atoxicity, shaping versatility and environment resistance. However, while these features represent good advantages to several industry sectors, it results in one of the most serious environmental problems of contemporary society: the rising accumulation of these material, mainly due to the inadequate disposal of waste. Meanwhile, in order to minimize this problem, some mitigation techniques comes up (arises), among which the use of biodegradable polymers has been gaining attention. Because of their easily action of microorganisms, such material degrade more rapidly, becoming integrated to nature. Furthermore, due to the fact of biodegradation is a natural process, occurring through the action if micro-organisms in the environment itself, it is considered the “cleaner” alternative found so far to plastic components reincorporation in the nature. Among the micro-organisms capable of biodegradation process are the filamentous fungi. These micro-organisms have many advantages over the others, the major one being the capacity to produce a range of enzymes capable of degrading different materials. In this context, the present review made it possible to see the importance of this process as an agent of environmental preservation, suggest the use of blends to minimize the problems of cost and flexibility of biodegradable polymeric materials, as well as noting the lack of studies related to this subject nowadays

Estudo da dinâmica climática e sua influência na qualidade da água de reservatórios urbanos

The present study sought to develop a methodology to analyze the water quality based on concepts and methods of climate and climatology respectively. In this way, it was tried to relate techniques and methodologies hydro and limno-meteorological with a rhythmic analysis technique developed within the Brazilian geographical climatology to assess and analyze the blooms of cyanobacteria, the main index of water quality found in reservoirs of “Alto Tietê” Basin and consequently the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, an area of high environmental complexity due to its high degree of development and high population density. The meteorological data used to develop the study were collected from the meteorological station of the IAG / USP and the limnological data were collected from the Hydrological Monitoring System implemented by SABESP in Billings and Guarapiranga reservoirs as well as data laboratory of the same entity. The results obtained by the rhythmic and integrated analyze showed that the process of blooms of cyanobacteria is dependent not only on one specific factor, but a combination of meteorological factors that may disrupt the stability of reservoir and which can, during the stabilization process, provides the necessary conditions to the development of cyanobacteria. It was also shown by the results that the pace of Atlantic Polar Front Entrance during the winter in São Paulo, is a limiting factor to the growth of cyanobacteria due to their high frequency, keeping the reservoir balance throughout the period. Furthermore, another importance of this study is the possibility of prevention and forecasting periods which are inappropriate for the use of these reservoirs mainly for recreational activities

Biotratamento de sacolas plásticas de supermercado

Supermarket plastic bags are produced by high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) resins. In Brazil, are produced annually around 150 plastic bags per capita. Disposed in landfills, the supermarket plastic bags prevent the passage of water by slowing the breakdown of biodegradable materials and hindering compaction of waste, according to their low degradability. This work investigated the biodegradation of PE bags containing additive oxo-biodegradable and bags without additives: buried in soil columns, exposed in a controlled environment and exposed to air. The analysis methods used to assess the changes brought in the bags with respect to microbial action and exposure time were weight loss, thickness measurement, infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle. The results showed that the use of prodegradant agents such as oxobiodegradable additives in polyethylene bags, buried in soil for 270 days, was not efficient to accelerate the biodegradation by microorganisms. It seems that these additives have been more efficient to degrade the colored pigmentation of printed bags, under the influence of light and heat.

Seleção de micro-organismos com potencial de biodegradação de hidrocarbonetos e biodiesel

The oil and biodiesel are oily substances which, if spilled or thrown out in the environment, can cause serious damages. In this context, bioremediation techniques can be used to the recovering of sites degradated by mineral or vegetable oil, besides them, the biodegradation. However, it is necessary that there are microorganism strains used to degradate the contaminant, previously selected for the fast, efficient and minimum impact remediation. The main objective of this study was to isolate microorganism strains coming from different ecological recesses and verify their potentiality on biodegradating oil and biodiesel. Strains of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were isolated from soils contaminated by hydrocarbons (diesel, gasoline, grease) before, by doing striations on culture plates. On the biodegradation tests, it was used the redox indicator, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), then, after the indicador’s discoloration, the absorbance of the suspension obtained was measured. 46 different microorganism strains were isolated, and the oil, when it was used as a carbon resource, it was degradate easier than the biodiesel. The experiments showed that, in a period, the site impacted by oil spills recovers itself by the biodegradation, in aerobic conditions, by the redox activity.

Efeito da adição de butanol na biodegradabilidade da gasolina e do óleo diesel

The increase in the oil price and the current trend of using renewable raw materials for the production of chemicals renew the interest in the production of biobutanol that, produced by fermentation of agricultural raw materials, can be used as a component of gasoline and diesel. With the commercialization of new fuels, environmental damages due to spills can occur. Among other techniques, the clean-up of these contaminated areas can be achieved with bioremediation, a technique based on the action of microorganisms, which has the advantage of turning hazardous contaminants into non toxic substances such as CO2, water and biomass. Thus, bearing in mind the use of biobutanol in the near future as a gasoline extender and due to the lack of knowledge of the effects of butanol on the biodegradation of gasoline, this work aimed to assess the aerobic biodegradation of butanol/gasoline blends and butanol/diesel (20% v/v), being the latter compared to the ethanol/gasoline blend and biodiesel/diesel (20% v/v), respectively. Two experimental techniques were employed, namely the respirometric method and the redox indicator 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) test. In the former, experiments simulating the contamination of natural environments were carried out in biometer flasks, used to measure the microbial CO2 production. The DCPIP test assessed the capability of four inocula to biodegrade the fuel blends. In butanol/gasoline experiments the addition of the alcohols to the gasoline resulted in positive synergic effects on the biodegradation of the fuels in soil and...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Descoloração e degradação de corantes têxteis por cianobactérias

The objective of the present work was to investigate the potential of cyanobacteria isolated from different environments in decolorizing eleven different types of textile dyes. For inoculum preparation 50 ml of BG-11 medium were used for the cyanobacteria Leptolyngbia CENA103, Leptolyngbia CENA104 and Phormidium autumnale UTEX1580 and 50 ml of SWBG-11 medium for Phormidium sp., Leptolyngbya sp. and Synecochoccus sp. Test tubes containing 10 ml of liquid medium and 0.02% of each dye (remazol, indigo blue, indanthrene blue RCL, drimaren blue CL-R, dispersol blue C-2R, drimaren red CL-5B, dispersol red C- 4G, indanthrene red FBB, drimaren yellow CL-R, palanil yellow 3G and indanthrene yellow 5GF) were inoculated with cyanobacteria. A spectrophotometer was used to verify the maximum absorbance of each dye and the percentage of decolorization and also thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that all the tested cyanobacteria were capable to remove more than 50% of some dyes. The present study confirmed the capacity of cyanobacteria in decolorize and possibly degrade structurally different textile dyes, suggesting the possibility of their application in bioremediation studies. The data are promising, and will lead to further studies of dye degradation and its toxicicity.

Simulação de contaminação de sedimentos e águas subterrâneas por gasolina e álcool: um estudo de monitoramento de variações das propriedades físico-químicas

Geophysics studies in areas impacted by petroleum derivatives describe abnormalities of both low and high electrical resistivity (the opposite of electrical conductivity), confirmed as contaminant phase by chemical analysis: this contradiction can be explained by degrading processes that naturally occur and create sub products that can change the environment conductivity. Monitoring the variation of the parameters mentioned serves as a comparative basis to the variation in geoelectrical parameters, which identified the correlation between the same contaminant parameters and the difference between their behavior studied apart, as well as its relations with the biodegradation process. The results are applied to the fuel distribution and storage sectors, leading to the diagnosis and monitoring of possible groundwater contamination scenarios, and the knowledge of the area exposure time to the contaminant, besides the better remediation alternative and impacts control. Among some conclusions, the most significant are the decrease in conductivity over time, so as the increase in Eh value in the gasoline contaminated tank, as well as the decrease in the pH value in the second tank with ethanol, which can be attributed to its degradation. Comparing the variations in both tanks, it is evident that Eh, pH and electrical conductivity do not behave temporally in a similar way, although some correlations between Eh and pH can be related.

Potencial biotecnológico de rizóbios como bioemulsificante e biossorvente de cobre e cromo

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Análise funcional de um consórcio microbiano de solo e prospecção de genes envolvidos na desconstrução da biomassa

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Avaliação da toxicidade do azocorante Acid Red 114 antes e após processo de biodegradação por meio de um consórcio de microorganismos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analysis of a microbial community associated with polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in anaerobic batch reactors

The degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was investigated under fermentativemethanogenic conditions for up to 60 days in the presence of anaerobic biomass from a full-scale UASB reactor. The low methane yields in the PCBs-spiked batch reactors suggested that the biomass had an inhibitory effect on the methanogenic community. Reactors containing PCBs and co-substrates (ethanol/ sodium formate) exhibited substantial PCB reductions from 0.7 to 0.2 mg mL-1 . For the Bacteria domain, the PCBs-spiked reactors were grouped with the PCB-free reactors with a similarity of 55 %, which suggested the selection of a specific population in the presence of PCBs. Three genera of bacteria were found exclusively in the PCB-spiked reactors and were identified using pyrosequencing analysis, Sedimentibacter, Tissierela and Fusibacter. Interestingly, the Sedimentibacter, which was previously correlated with the reductive dechlorination of PCBs, had the highest relative abundance in the RCS-PCB (7.4 %) and RCS-PCB-PF (12.4 %) reactors. Thus, the anaerobic sludge from the UASB reactor contains bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum that are capable of degrading PCBs.