Desenvolvimento de sistemas líquido-cristalinos empregando silicone fluido de co-polímero glicol e poliéter funcional siloxano

DEVELOPMENT of LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE SYSTEMS USING SILICON GLYCOL COPOLYMER and POLYETHER FUNCTIONAL SILOXANE. For the construction of the phase diagrams, the method of the aqueous titration was used. There were prepared 5 ternary diagrams, varying the surfactant and the oil phase. The liquid-crystalline phases were identified by polarized light microscopy. The formulations prepared with silicon glycol copolymer, polyether functional siloxane (PFS) and water (S(1)) and with diisopropyl adipate, PFS and water (S(4)) presented liquid-crystalline phases with lamellar arrangement. Moreover, after 15 days in hot oven (37 degrees C), the formulations presented hexagonal arrangement, evidencing the influence of the temperature in the organization of the system.

Development and validation of HPLC method for analysis of dexamethasone acetate in microemulsions

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização e hidrólise in vitro da globulina principal de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.), var. IAC-Marrocos

No presente estudo procedeu-se ao isolamento e caracterização da fração globulina majoritária (11 S) de grão-de-bico, var. IAC-Marrocos. A globulina majoritária extraída foi isolada por cromatografia de filtração em gel e de troca-iônica mostrando apenas uma banda de proteína na eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. A globulina majoritária, após passagem em coluna de Sephadex, revelou duas bandas protéicas de 55 e 52,5kDa e três bandas menores em gel de poliacrilamida dodecilsulfato de sódio. Na presença de 2-mercaptoetanol 6 polipeptídios na faixa de 18 a 42kDa foram revelados na eletroforese. A globulina isolada foi submetida à ação da tripsina e quimotripsina onde a forma nativa mostrou-se resistente à ação enzimática enquanto o aquecimento (96 e 121°C/15min) não foi suficiente para aumentar a susceptibilidade à hidrólise, significativamente. Adição de NaCl 0,3M levou a um aumento da estabilidade estrutural com menor susceptibilidade à digestão proteolítica, fato em parte perdido com o aquecimento. As hidrólises foram acompanhadas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida dodecilsulfato de sódio.

Quem nasce em campina grande é campinense : futebol e sociabilidade na rainha da borborema (1954-1965)

This study aims to historicize a problem: How Campinense Club, club social of the city of Campina Grande, became a popular club? This guild was founded in 1915 by a group of graduates, which they called "Campinense" a social club dedicated to the enjoyment of the city's elites. To investigate the mechanisms that have led to this popularity, was chosen that includes a period from 1954 to 1965, when it was created a department where the professional football club won a string of six consecutive championships, considered the main achievement of its history sports. Were used as research sources Borborema the Journal, a newspaper founded in 1957 and that during the period in question, was the spokesman of the main political groups in the city, which on many occasions were the sponsors of the clubs the same. This newspaper had a daily sports column and introduced the red-black team to Paraíba. Were used, although the club's meeting minutes taken as official documents, which allowed it to be mounted on a puzzle of the club's events, since the information about the Campinense present rather fragmented. Finally, respondents were fans, athletes and leaders who, through his lines in a way pointed out other possibilities such as a club, believed to be aristocratic, has become a passion among the fans, giving rise to this conception to be one that Campinense broke with the established elites of the city.

Análise dos Processos de Flotação e Oxidação Avançada para o Tratamento de Efluente Modelo da Indústria do Petróleo

The generation of wastes in most industrial process is inevitable. In the petroleum industry, one of the greatest problems for the environment is the huge amount of produced water generated in the oil fields. This wastewater is a complex mixture and present great amounts. These effluents can be hazardous to the environmental without adequate treatment. This research is focused in the analysis of the efficiencies of the flotation and photo-oxidation processes to remove and decompose the organic compounds present in the produced water. A series of surfactants derivated from the laurilic alcohol was utilized in the flotation to promote the separation. The experiments have been performed with a synthetic wastewater, carefully prepared with xylene. The experimental data obtained using flotation presented a first order kinetic, identified by the quality of the linear data fitting. The best conditions were found at 0.029 g.L-1 for the surfactant EO 7, 0.05 g.L-1 for EO 8, 0.07 g.L-1 for EO 9, 0.045 g.L-1 for EO 10 and 0.08 g.L-1 for EO 23 with the following estimated kinetic constants: 0.1765, 0.1325, 0.1210, 0.1531 and 0.1699 min-1, respectively. For the series studied, the most suitablesurfactant was the EO 7 due to the lower reagent consumption, higher separation rate constant and higher removal efficiency of xylene in the aqueous phase (98%). Similarly to the flotation, the photo-Fenton process shows to be efficient for degradation of xylene and promoting the mineralization of the organic charge around 90% and 100% in 90 min

Matrizes poliméricas puras e modificadas para adsorção do gás sulfeto de hidrogênio

The underground natural gas found associated or not with oil is characterized by a mixture of hydrocarbons and residual components such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), called contaminants. The H2S especially promotes itself as a contaminant of natural gas to be associated with corrosion of pipelines, to human toxicity and final applications of Natural Gas (NG). The sulfur present in the GN must be fully or partially removed in order to meet the market specifications, security, transport or further processing. There are distinct and varied methods of desulfurization of natural gas processing units used in Natural Gas (UPGN). In order to solve these problems have for example the caustic washing, absorption, the use of membranes and adsorption processes is costly and great expenditure of energy. Arises on such findings, the need for research to active processes of economic feasibility and efficiency. This work promoted the study of the adsorption of sulfide gas in polymer matrices hydrogen pure and modified. The substrates of Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and sodium alginate (NaALG) were coated with vanadyl phosphate compounds (VOPO4.2H2O), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), rhodamine B (C28H31N2O3Cl) and ions Co2+ and Cu2+, aiming to the adsorption of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S). The adsorption tests were through a continuous flow of H2S in a column system (fixed bed reactor) adsorption on a laboratory scale. The techniques used to characterize the adsorbents were Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) electron microscopy (SEM). Such work indicates, the results obtained, the adsorbents modified PMMA, PVC and NaALG have a significant adsorptive capacity. The matrix that stood out and had the best adsorption capacity, was to ALG modified Co2+ with a score of 12.79 mg H2S / g matrix

Validação de metodologia para análise de aminas bioativas em camarão utilizando cromatografia de íons

In this study, we worked with the validation of a methodology for analysis of bioactive amines in shrimp, considering it to be one of the main products of the northriograndense trade balance, maintaining the state of Rio Grande do Norte topped the list of Brazilian exports of this product the last decade. The sector of the Brazilian shrimp works exclusively with gray shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei since the late 1990s. This study used liquid chromatography with conductimetric detector, using as the mobile phase methylsulfonic 3 mM acid (MSA) with gradient and phase C18 column with reverse the development of methodology for the analysis of bioactive amines in shrimp. In the sample preparation was used as 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction solution. Validation analysis of biotativas amines (putrescine - PUT, histamine - HIST, agmatine - AGM, spermidine - EPD and spermine - EPN) in shrimp, the linear working range was 0.1 to 2.0 mg L-1 to was sensitive, homoscedastic, in effect, selective, accurate and precise array. Thus, considered feasible for these determinations bioactive amines in this array. Determined the concentration of these amines in fresh shrimps (AGM = 0.61 ± 0.05 mg kg- 1 EPD = 2.57 ± 0.14 mg kg-1 and EPN = 1.79 ± 0.11 mg kg-1), and freezing weather predetermined in cooked shrimp (AGM = 6.28 ± 0.18 mg kg-1, EPD = 12.72 ± 0.02 mg kg- 1 and EPN = 22.30 ± 0.60 mg kg-1), the shrimp with twenty-four hour stay at room temperature (PUT = 879.52 ± 28.12 mg kg-1, AGM = 848.13 ± 19.40 mg kg-1, ESPD = 13.59 ± 0.97 mg kg-1 and ESPN = 18.47 + 1.57 mg kg-1). In shrimp subjected to freezing for a week, two weeks, three weeks and four weeks, the results showed that there is an increase in the content of agmatine (7.31 ± 0.21 mg kg-1) while in spermine ( 1.22 ± 0.14 mg kg-1) and spermidine (below limit of quantification) there was a decrease in the freeze time, while there is a decrease in the level of spermidine not reaching detectad. The putrescine was only found in shrimp that remained for 24 hours at room temperature and histamine was not found in any of the samples

Desenvolvimento de misturas ternárias para remoção de reboco de fluido de perfuração sintético

The construction of wells is one of the most important activities of the oil industry. The drilling process is the set of activities and operations to design, program and perform the opening thereof. During this process, the cuttings are removed by the drilling fluid, or mud, and carted to the surface. This fluid is injected into the drill string and returns to the surface through the annular space between the well walls and the drill string. After the descent of the column casing, the annular space between the casing string and the walls of the borehole is filled with cement so as to secure the spine and prevent any migration of fluids between the various permeable zones traversed by the well behind of the coating. To ensure the good quality of the cementation scrubbers are used mattresses which are pumped ahead of the cement slurry so as to avoid contamination of the drilling fluid paste, or vice versa, and assist in the removal of plaster, formed by drilling fluid of the borehole walls, thus enabling a better cement bond to the well. Within this context, this work aims to evaluate the efficiency of mattresses scrubbers, the basis of ionic and nonionic surfactants, on the removal of nonaqueous drilling fluid, based on n-paraffin in oil wells, and the compatibility between the Mattress relations washer / drilling fluid bed scrubber / cement paste mattress washer / cement slurry / drilling fluid and the drilling fluid / cement slurry using laboratory tests rheology, thickening time and compressive strength. Also technique was performed X-ray diffraction (XRD) for a more detailed analysis of these mixtures with hydrated cement paste. In compatibility tests the conditions of temperature and pressure used in the same laboratory procedure simulating the conditions of oil wells, the well is considered the depth of 800 m. The results showed that the compositions of the mattress washer nonionic, KMS obtained a 100% efficient in removing the non-aqueous drilling fluid, and the best formulation showed good results with respect to compliance testing

Uma análise experimental de abordagens heurísticas aplicadas ao problema do caixeiro viajante

Due to great difficulty of accurate solution of Combinatorial Optimization Problems, some heuristic methods have been developed and during many years, the analysis of performance of these approaches was not carried through in a systematic way. The proposal of this work is to make a statistical analysis of heuristic approaches to the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The focus of the analysis is to evaluate the performance of each approach in relation to the necessary computational time until the attainment of the optimal solution for one determined instance of the TSP. Survival Analysis, assisted by methods for the hypothesis test of the equality between survival functions was used. The evaluated approaches were divided in three classes: Lin-Kernighan Algorithms, Evolutionary Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization. Beyond those approaches, it was enclosed in the analysis, a memetic algorithm (for symmetric and asymmetric TSP instances) that utilizes the Lin-Kernighan heuristics as its local search procedure

Sistema especialista fuzzy para dimensionamento de bombeio mecânico

Despite the emergence of other forms of artificial lift, sucker rod pumping systems remains hegemonic because of its flexibility of operation and lower investment cost compared to other lifting techniques developed. A successful rod pumping sizing necessarily passes through the supply of estimated flow and the controlled wear of pumping equipment used in the mounted configuration. However, the mediation of these elements is particularly challenging, especially for most designers dealing with this work, which still lack the experience needed to get good projects pumping in time. Even with the existence of various computer applications on the market in order to facilitate this task, they must face a grueling process of trial and error until you get the most appropriate combination of equipment for installation in the well. This thesis proposes the creation of an expert system in the design of sucker rod pumping systems. Its mission is to guide a petroleum engineer in the task of selecting a range of equipment appropriate to the context provided by the characteristics of the oil that will be raised to the surface. Features such as the level of gas separation, presence of corrosive elements, possibility of production of sand and waxing are taken into account in selecting the pumping unit, sucker-rod strings and subsurface pump and their operation mode. It is able to approximate the inferente process in the way of human reasoning, which leads to results closer to those obtained by a specialist. For this, their production rules were based on the theory of fuzzy sets, able to model vague concepts typically present in human reasoning. The calculations of operating parameters of the pumping system are made by the API RP 11L method. Based on information input, the system is able to return to the user a set of pumping configurations that meet a given design flow, but without subjecting the selected equipment to an effort beyond that which can bear

MyPersonal-EPG: um EPG personalizável e com suportes a recomendações para o SBTVD

In this work we present the architecture and implementation of MyPersonal-EPG, a personal EPG with support to recommendations, built on top of the Ginga middleware, that fulfill the following requirements: (i) to allow users to build their own personal programming grids, based on programming guides from several broadcasters; (ii) to offer a mechanism to tune the desired channels on the moment the selected programs are about to begin; (iii) to allow users to select the desired programs categories; (iv) to offer programs recommendations, in both synchronous and asynchronous way, based on the categories previously selected by users; (v) to allow users to modify the current configuration options; (vi) to allow the creation of several users accounts, so that each user can store its own information. The application‟s usability test is also presented and its results are discussed and analyzed

Uma investigação de algoritmos exatos e metaheurísticos aplicados ao nonograma

Nonogram is a logical puzzle whose associated decision problem is NP-complete. It has applications in pattern recognition problems and data compression, among others. The puzzle consists in determining an assignment of colors to pixels distributed in a N  M matrix that satisfies line and column constraints. A Nonogram is encoded by a vector whose elements specify the number of pixels in each row and column of a figure without specifying their coordinates. This work presents exact and heuristic approaches to solve Nonograms. The depth first search was one of the chosen exact approaches because it is a typical example of brute search algorithm that is easy to implement. Another implemented exact approach was based on the Las Vegas algorithm, so that we intend to investigate whether the randomness introduce by the Las Vegas-based algorithm would be an advantage over the depth first search. The Nonogram is also transformed into a Constraint Satisfaction Problem. Three heuristics approaches are proposed: a Tabu Search and two memetic algorithms. A new function to calculate the objective function is proposed. The approaches are applied on 234 instances, the size of the instances ranging from 5 x 5 to 100 x 100 size, and including logical and random Nonograms

Comunidade fitoplanctônica como discriminador ambiental em açude eutrófico tropical semiárido (Barragem Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, RN) e divulgação científica para reflexão social

The knowledge of the phytoplankton community, as an integral and dynamic processes of eutrophication, provides information essential for proper management and handling. A growing problem of cyanobacteria in reservoirs around the world as a result of artificial eutrophication processes, generating a particular concern, because some species produce cyanotoxins, which can cause adverse effects on human health. The present work aims to characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton, assessing their potential as ecological indicator of water quality in reservoirs semiarid region. The samples of water were collected monthly between 2009 and 2011, at three points along the dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves / RN. In each sample were measured physico - chemical analysis of water and biological components. We conducted a scientific dissemination activity, with distribution and reading primer on eutrophication, informative talk about water quality, questionnaires and performing a play in a public school in the city of Itajá / RN. The reservoir was considered eutrophic in three points, taking into account the values of chlorophyll -a and phosphorus, adopted to characterize eutrophic environments of semi-arid areas. High density of cyanobacteria, with a maximum value of 2.227.862 cél.ml- 1 and minimum of 43.456 cél.ml- 1 was recorded in lentic and semilêntico points throughout the study, exceeding the levels of drinking water (20.000 cél.ml- 1) established in 2.914/2011 Ordinance of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. All samples contained microcystin, and 44 % had values superiores1μg L- 1. The thermal pattern of the water column showed micro stratifications with differences of less than 1 ° C from five feet deep. The distribution pattern was the type profile clinogrado with oxygen deficit in the bottom of the reservoir. Oxiclina from 10 meters depth was observed during the rainy season (May-June) in the two years of study. The phytoplankton community was represented by 10 functional groups: S1, M, H1, Lo, P, F, Sn, P, W2 and R. The assessment of the ecological status of the system by the index Q showed poor water quality. The results of the study show that the vertical variations were less pronounced than the seasonal variations of cyanobacteria and phytoplankton community in general in the reservoir. The presence of cyanotoxins confirms the need for the monitoring of water quality and measures to reduce eutrophication in water supply reservoirs semiarid RN and demonstrates the challenge for water managers and health authorities to ensure water quality and consequently minimize risks to human health. Compared to the lecture, the primer was considered more efficient in sensitizing the participants, featuring a dynamic practice, differentiated learning, create opportunities for students to rethink attitudes of respect and care for the environment, and shall have the opportunity to learn the subject content from your reality and living environment. The knowledge generated from the activity of scientific were seen as essential for raising awareness of some of the region`s environmental problems , such as eutrophication

Lembranças de alunos, imagens de professores: narrativas e diálogos sobre a formação médica

Se trata de una incursión histórica por el pensamiento y por la enseñanza médica, discutiéndose la formación médica de manera contextualizada, con el objetivo de comprenderla para interpretarla a través del recuerdo que haya sido fijado por los alumnos. Se dará un enfoque a la mediación pedagógica de esa formación, intentando proporcionar el diálogo entre la historia social de la Medicina y los recuerdos de alumnos, ubicándolas en un contexto histórico-social y cultural, al mismo tiempo en que se ha buscado sujetar las imágenes de los profesores que hayan dejado huellas significativas en la vida de los alumnos, en cuestiones profesionales, sociales y culturales. Se configura, asimismo, una memoria de la formación médica de la Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), desde su creación en el 1955, como Faculdade de Medicina de Natal, hasta el 1963, como Faculdade de Medicina da UFRN. Los recuerdos han sido recolectados por medio de entrevistas temáticas con alumnos ya formados de las tres primeras turmas concluyentes, de los años del 1961, 1962 y 1963, de la referida Facultad y fueron interpretadas utilizándose la cartografía como técnica que envuelve la construcción de cuadros interpretativos, teniendo como unidad de análisis las palabras representativas de los elementos constituyentes de la mediación pedagógica, sacadas de las narrativas de los sujetos, que cargan también las imágenes de los profesores que han compuesto dicho diálogo por sus contribuciones para la existencia del saber y hacer de la educación médica en Natal/RN. Aún se comprende que esa Facultad fue creada en un momento histórico-social y cultural en que Brasil y el mundo todavía intentaban encontrar nuevos caminos, después de turbulencias causadas por la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la intelectualidad natalense visualizaba el encaje de la ciudad en los parámetros de la modernidad. El currículum implantado era técnico/racional, pero al ser interpretado por la acción, a través de la reconstrucción de los recuerdos de los alumnos, en los vestigios de la mediación pedagógica de la formación médica y en las imágenes de los profesores todavía vivas en sus memorias, se vuelve posible entender que a esos alumnos ha sido enseñado: un saber relacional que permitía el diálogo, la transmisión de experiencia y el compromiso médico con vista a un atendimiento a la populación en primer lugar, siguiéndole el sentimiento que fomentaba deseos de ayuda al próximo, siendo los propios profesores el ejemplo, conformándose, así, con un saber contextual, agregado a una participación política y de responsabilidad ética para con la sociedad

Controle de qualidade e dosimetria em equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada

OBJETIVO: Avaliação de condições dos equipamentos e dosimetria em setores de tomografia computadorizada utilizando protocolos de cabeça, abdome e coluna lombar em pacientes adultos (em três equipamentos distintos) e pediátricos com até um ano e meio de vida (em um dos equipamentos avaliados). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estimados o índice de dose em tomografia computadorizada e a dose média em cortes múltiplos, em exames com pacientes adultos, em três distintos equipamentos. Ainda foram estimadas as doses na superfície de entrada e as doses absorvidas em exame de cabeça para pacientes adultos e pediátricos em um dos equipamentos avaliados. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados testes de controle de qualidade, mecânicos, demonstrando que os equipamentos satisfazem as especificações de uso estabelecidas pelas normas vigentes. Os resultados da dosimetria mostraram que valores de dose média em cortes múltiplos excederam em até 109,0% os valores de níveis de referência, apresentando consideráveis variações entre os equipamentos avaliados neste estudo. As doses absorvidas obtidas com protocolos pediátricos são inferiores aos de pacientes adultos, apresentando redução de até 51,0% na tireoide. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo foram avaliadas as condições de operação de três equipamentos tomográficos, estabelecendo quais parâmetros devem ser trabalhados para a implantação de um programa de controle de qualidade nas instituições onde esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida.