Technology and work organization in Latin American motor vehicle industries

Includes bibliography

The manufacture of basic industrial equipment in Argentina: II: The production, transport and refining of petroleum and natural gas: the petrochemical industries = Estudio sobre la fabricación de equipos industriales de base en la Argentina: II: Producción, transporte y refinación de petróleo y gas natural: industrias petroquímicas

Includes bibliography

Transfer of technical know-how in the textile and clothing industries in Brazil

Includes bibliography

Study of problems related with the establishment of motor-vehicle industries in developing countries

Information Paper, No 12

A comparative analysis of productivity in Brazilian and Mexican manufacturing industries

This article analyses productivity trends in Brazilian and Mexican manufacturing industries between 1995 and 2009, a period in which international competition intensified sharply. A total of 14 manufacturing industries are considered, using two methods based on: (i) the Leontief (1951) model to measure the consumption of intermediate goods used in production; and (ii) the analysis of total factor productivity (TFP). The studies performed show that manufacturing trends have diverged in the two countries. In Mexico, an increased need for imported goods and services was offset by a reduction in domestic goods and service requirements, and an increase in the TFP of production. In the case of Brazil, the fact that manufactured goods markets are more isolated from foreign trade seems to have contributed to a weak productivity performance.

Estudo de aproveitamento do resíduo do beneficiamento de caulim como matéria prima na produção de pozolanas para cimentos compostos e pozolânicos

O emprego de resíduos na construção civil pode vir a se tornar uma atividade de extrema importância e mais freqüente, principalmente, pela quantidade disponível com potencialidades de reciclagem, possibilitando minimização dos impactos ambientais. As indústrias que beneficiam o caulim para ser utilizado na indústria de papel são responsáveis por gerar dois tipos de resíduos. Um deles, o resíduo contendo o argilomineral caulinita, apresenta potencialidade de ser utilizado como pozolanas na indústria da construção civil. Essa pesquisa avaliou a viabilidade técnica de produção de pozolanas provenientes de misturas de diversos percentuais do resíduo caulinítico com calcário, com vistas a incrementar a reatividade. Estudou-se os teores de substituição de cimento pelas pozolanas em 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% e 60%. O cimento utilizado foi do tipo CP I S 32 e as pozolanas foram produzidas em laboratório. Foram realizados os seguintes ensaios nos cimentos experimentais: massa específica, área superficial específica, água de consistência normal da pasta, tempo de pega e resistência à compressão. Nas pozolanas, além das análises química e física, foram realizados ensaios mineralógicos. Baseando-se nos resultados encontrados e na literatura técnica, observou-se que a fabricação da pozolana mostrou-se eficaz, pois permitiu aos cimentos alcançar resistências à compressão muito maiores à referência mesmo com teores elevados de incorporação. É lícito concluir que a incorporação do calcário na calcinação do resíduo proveniente do beneficiamento do caulim confirmou ser uma excelente alternativa na produção de pozolanas de alta reatividade, podendo ser empregadas como adições minerais aos cimentos compostos ou pozolânicos substituindo argilas naturais calcinadas e principalmente na fabricação de elementos pré-fabricados em conjunto com fibras em geral.

Propriedades químico-mineralógicas e cerâmicas de rochas da formação Corumbataí: aplicação na diversificação de produtos

Pós-graduação em Geologia Regional - IGCE

Preparation of refractory calcium aluminate cement using the sonochemical process

Calcium aluminate cements (CAC) were prepared using the sonochemical process, followed by heat treatment. A study was made of the action of ultrasonic waves and the influence of thermal treatment conditions on two initial molar compositions of 1:1 and 1:2 of calcia:alumina. The aqueous suspension containing the raw materials (A-50 alumina and CaO) was subjected to an ultrasonic bath, followed by drying and burning at 1000, 1200 and 1300 ºC. These cements were characterized by SEM, XRD and the mechanical strength was evaluated by splitting tensile tests, using commercial cement as a reference. Furthermore, the phases were semi-quantified using the Rietveld method. The results show that hydration and sonochemical action increased the reactivity of the raw materials during firing and that phase formation is dependent on the thermal treatment conditions. The CAC cements were obtained at temperatures at least 200 ºC lower than those used in conventional methods, indicating the potential of this route of synthesis.

Comparison of Physicochemical Surface Conditioning Methods for Adhesion of bis-GMA Resin Cement to Particulate Filler Composite and Surface Characterization

This study compared the effect of physicochemical surface conditioning methods on the adhesion of bis-GMA-based resin cement to particulate filler composite (PFC) used for indirect dental restorations. PFC blocks (N (block)=54, n (block)=9 per group) were polymerized and randomly subjected to one of the following surface conditioning methods: a) No conditioning (Control-C), b) Hydrofluoric acid (HF)etching for 60s (AE60), c) HF for 90s (AE90), d) HF for 120s (AE120), e) HF for 180s (AE180), and f) air-abrasion with 30 mu m silica-coated alumina particles (AB). The conditioned surfaces were silanized with an MPS silane, and an adhesive resin was applied. Resin composite blocks were bonded to PFC using resin cement and photo-polymerized. PFC-cement-resin composite blocks were cut under coolant water to obtain bar specimens (1mmx0.8mm). Microtensile bond strength test (mu TBS)was performed in a universal testing machine (1mm/min). After debonding, failure modes were classified using stereomicroscopy. Surface characterization was performed on a set of separate specimen surfaces using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Dispersive Spectroscopy (XDS), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier Transform-Raman Spectroscopy (FT-RS). Mean mu TBS (MPa) of C (35.6 +/- 4.9) was significantly lower than those of other groups (40.2 +/- 5.6-47.4 +/- 6.1) (p<0.05). The highest mu TBS was obtained in Group AB (47.4 +/- 6.1). Prolonged duration of HF etching increased the results (AE180: 41.9 +/- 7), but was not significantly different than that of AB (p>0.05). Failure types were predominantly cohesive in PFC (34 out of 54) followed by cohesive failure in the cement (16 out of 54). Degree of conversion (DC) of the PFC was 63 +/- 10%. SEM analysis showed increased irregularities on PFC surfaces with the increased etching time. Chemical surface analyses with XPS and FT-RS indicated 11-70% silane on the PFC surfaces that contributed to improved bond strength compared to Group C that presented 5% silane, which seemed to be a threshold. Group AB displayed 83% SiO2 and 17% silane on the surfaces.

Stress distribution on dentin-cement-post interface varying root canal and glass fiber post diameters. A three-dimensional finite element analysis based on micro-C data

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)