977 resultados para Casanova, Giacomo, 1725-1798.


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We have studied the exciton states in vertically stacked self-assembled quantum disks within the effective mass approximation. The energy spectrum of the electron and hole is calculated using the transfer matrix formalism in the adiabatic approximation. The Coulomb interaction between the electron and the hole is treated accurately by the direct diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix. The effect of the vertical alignment of the disks on the ground energy of heavy- and light-hole exciton is presented and discussed. The binding energy is discussed in terms of the probability of the ground wave function. The ground energy of heavy- and light-hole excitons as a function of the magnetic field is presented and the effect of the disk size (the radius of disks) on the exciton energy is discussed.

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We report a LD side-pumped fundamental-mode (Mx(2) = 1.35 and My(2) = 1.27) passive Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser based on a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). At a pump current of 12.5 A, the average output power of 5.68 W with 80 kHz repetition rate and 2 mu s pulse width of the Q-switched envelope was generated. The repetition rate of the mode-locked pulse within the Q-switched envelope of 88 MHz was achieved.

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Buttyan等人提出了一个简洁的逻辑 ,他们把它用于改进 Woo- L am协议 ,并且未证明地声称 :改进后的协议是抗协议与自身的交互攻击的 .为表明他们的结论是不正确的 ,找到了改进协议的两个不同的攻击 ,并详细解释如何加以实现 .构造攻击的方式除了要求更细致之外 ,与 Debbabi等人的方式在本质上是相似的 .进一步的分析表明Debbabi等人的逻辑没有足够的能力推理交互攻击 ,该逻辑有待改进

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目前大多数水印算法采用线性相关的方法检测水印,但是,当原始媒体信号不服从高斯分布,或者水印不是以加嵌入方式嵌入到待保护的媒体对象中时,该方法存在一定的问题.数字水印的不可感知性约束决定了水印检测是一个弱信号检测问题,利用这一特性,首先从图像DCT(discrete cosine transfom)交流变换系数的统计特性出发,应用广义高斯分布来建立其统计分布模型,然后将水印检测问题转化为二元假设检验问题,以非高斯噪声中弱信号检测的基本理论作为乘嵌入水印的理论检测模型,推导出优化的乘嵌入水印检测算法,并对检测算法进行了实验.结果表明,对于未知嵌入强度的乘水印的盲检测,提出的水印检测器具有良好的检测性能.因此,该检测器能在数字媒体数据的版权保护方面得到了实际的应用.

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分布式认知理论通过协调人机对话,结合人和计算机各自的优势解决问题,在人机交互研究中扮演了指导者的角色.尽管分布式认知理论支持的资源模型在分析人机交互时取得了成功,但模型存在不能提供复杂用户任务支持、缺乏对模型中元素的准确定义等问题,在一定程度上导致了表现形式上的混乱.使用分布式认知理论构造了扩展资源模型,建立人机交互活动中的动作和表征之间的联系,从而指导界面的设计和实现.扩展资源模型从静态结构和交互策略两个方面对界面交互动作提供支持,在交互中减少人的认知负担.该研究对设计符合人的认知特点的界面具有一定的指导作用.

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哺乳动物motilin/ghrelin荷尔蒙基因家族编码产生三种多肽荷尔蒙,motilin、ghrelin和obestatin。这三种荷尔蒙分别结合各自特异性受体MLNR、GHSR和GPR39,调控不尽相同,但类似或相关的生理生化过程,并且它们的受体相互之间也高度同源。根据达尔文的进化论,任何复杂的生物系统都是在原有基础上,在自然选择的作用下逐步调整优化而来(Darwin 1859)。一方面,一个系统中相互作用的各个组分在进化过程中同时发生或变化的概率微乎其微;另一方面,紧密相互关联的系统中一个组分的孤立存在看起来又是毫无意义的。本研究中,我们基于系统发育分析重建了荷尔蒙基因家族及其受体基因家族的进化历史,探讨它们在进化中的关系。从而了解在一个整合的系统中,基因复制(gene duplication)后产生的新的组分是如何演化的,是如何形成新的分子间相互作用(如荷尔蒙–受体间特异性相互作用)和发生功能分化的。 我们的研究结果表明,preproghrelin(GHRL)和prepromotilin(MLN)源于一个祖先基因,是由基因重复而来,基因重复发生在C端两个新的翻译后剪辑位点演化出现之后,既两栖动物与羊膜动物分歧之后(而后产生了新的多肽荷尔蒙,例如高等哺乳动物GHRL中的obestatin)。受体与配体的进化历史并不一致。受体GPR39最先分歧,然后类似GHSR的祖先基因经历先后两次重复,产生了硬骨鱼世袭特异的基因簇A,MLNR和GHSR,基因重复事件的发生早于硬骨鱼与四足动物的分歧。Ghrelin/GHSR信号通路系统从硬骨鱼到哺乳动物的进化过程中十分保守,结构和功能几乎都没有发生太大变化。Motilin和MLNR间的特异性相互作用是荷尔蒙基因重复发生后,配体、受体间协同进化的结果,自此形成了新的Motilin/MLNR信号通路系统。 我们提出了一个复杂系统(分子间相互作用网络)进化的模型:基因重复或酶饰作用后产生了新的组分,它们通常是先前已有组分的一种结构上的变异,能与之前已经存在的分子形成新的分子间相互作用,从而演化出新的功能。基因重复之前,通常存在基因共享,即一种分子参与到多个过程、多种分子间相互作用。基因重复或酶饰作用生成了新组分,新的分子间相互作用,为功能上的专化和特化提供了条件。 此外我们还对新近发现的活的云南闭壳龟进行了分子鉴定,并探讨了云南闭壳龟的系统发育地位。云南闭壳龟(Cuora yunnanensis,Boulenger,1906)曾被认为已经灭绝,在保护生物学上受到广泛的关注。我们测定了三只活的云南闭壳龟线粒体COI和ND4及His、Ser、Leu tRNA序列片断,共1725碱基序列。结合闭壳龟属其它物种序列,包括之前测定的一只云南闭壳龟标本(MNHN 1907.10)的DNA序列,进行了分子系统学分析。与100年前的标本比较,无论是形态上、还是本文的分子系统结果都显示,新发现的活的云南闭壳龟确实是云南闭壳龟。同时,我们的结果确证了标本序列的可信性,揭示云南闭壳龟不是近期杂交形成的,代表了进化上独立的遗传谱系,且种内仍存在一定的遗传多样度。本文是分子系统学在濒危物种保护应用中的成功案例。我们的结果为推翻云南闭壳龟已经灭绝的观点提供了进一步强有力的分子生物学证据,但该物种极其稀少的状况提示其前景不容乐观,必须尽快采取有力的措施予以重点保护。

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声学反演方程是声学探测沉积物物理参数的基础方程。基于声学理论和统计理

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在有效质量近似条件下研究了垂直耦合的自组织InAs/GaAs量子点的激子态.在绝热近似条件下,采用传递矩阵方法计算了电子和空穴的能谱.通过哈密顿量矩阵的对角化,对电子和空穴间的库仑相互作用进行了精确处理.讨论了两量子点间的垂直距离对激子基态能的影响.从基态波函数概率分布的角度,讨论了激子的束缚能.计算了重空穴和轻空穴激子的基态能随外部垂直磁场变化的函数关系.计算了量子点大小(量子点半径)对激子能的影响.

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A universal Biot number, which not only describes the susceptibility of ceramic cylinders to quenching but also determines the duration that ceramic cylinders are subjected to thermal stress during thermal shock, is theoretically obtained. The analysis proves that thermal shock failure of ceramic cylinders with a Biot number greater than the critical value is a rapid process, which only occurs in the initial heat conduction regime. The results provide a guide to the selection of ceramic materials for thermostructural engineering, with particular reference to thermal shock.

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for monitoring the electromagnetic strain in a low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnet was studied. Before used to LTS magnet strain sensing, the strain response of the sensor with 1.54-mu m wavelength at liquid helium was experimentally studied. It was found that the wavelength shift showed good linearity with longitudinal applied loads and the strain sensitivity is constant at 4.2 K. And then, the hoop strain measurement of a LTS magnet was carried out on the basis of measured results. Furthermore, the finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the magnet strain. The difference between the experimental and numerical analysis results is very small.

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地震波斜入射结构面时,会产生2种不同类型的透射波,引起波场极性变化.采用弹簧模型描述非充填型结构面,运用弹簧模型讨论爆破地震波在结构面的传播特性.研究结果表明,爆破地震波在结构面处的波形转换系数以及P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律均能有效反映结构面刚度和入射角变化.结合现场试验方案,提出计算P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的方法,建立偏振角与入射角和结构面透射系数的关系;由现场试验数据得到空间各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角的变化规律,进而确定结构面倾角.现场试验结果表明,根据各测点的P,SV波峰值比和偏振角变化规律可以准确确定结构面倾角

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Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for monitoring the electromagnetic strain in a low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnet was studied. Before used to LTS magnet strain sensing, the strain response of the sensor with 1.54-mu m wavelength at liquid helium was experimentally studied. It was found that the wavelength shift showed good linearity with longitudinal applied loads and the strain sensitivity is constant at 4.2 K. And then, the hoop strain measurement of a LTS magnet was carried out on the basis of measured results. Furthermore, the finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the magnet strain. The difference between the experimental and numerical analysis results is very small.