Religion, the study of religion and other products of transnational and colonial imaginings

The category of ‘religion’ as contemporary scholarship has demonstrated is a fairly recent innovation, dating back only a few hundred years in Western thought, and ‘world religions’ as we think of it and as we teach it is an even more recent category, emerging out of European colonialism. Thus the academic study of religion is both the product and, at times, the agent of colonial modes of knowledge. And yet, it is perhaps because ‘religion’ continues to be invented and reinvented through connections across cultures that investigating the work of religious ideas and practices offers such fruitful possibilities for understanding the work of culture and power. This article investigates religion and the study of religion as a mode of anti-colonial practice, seeking to understand how each have the potential to cross boundaries, build bridges and produce critical insights into assumptions and worldviews too often taken for granted.

La cadena agroindustrial porcina en Brasil

p.29-35

Los costos laborales en establecimientos típicos de tambo en la Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay

p.97-105

Arborizaçao dos cafezais para proteçao contra geadas na regiao sul do Brasil

p.147-148

Análise praxeológica e articulação de conhecimentos Matemáticos: noção de função afim no ensino médio no Brasil

El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es identificar las organizaciones praxeológicas que permiten la articulación de la noción de función afín con otras nociones tanto en el contexto matemático como extramatemático en la Educación Media en Brasil. Los análisis se apoyan en la Teoría Antropológica de lo didáctico de Chevallard (2001) y los enfoques teóricos en términos de marcos definidos por Douady (1992) y niveles de conocimiento que se esperan de los estudiantes según la definición de Robert (1997). Tres libros de texto que fueron analizados darán una visión general de las relaciones institucionales que sobreviven actualmente en Brasil. Observamos la existencia de diferentes formas de articulación que dependen de las técnicas desarrolladas, necesitando la atención de profesores que deben proponer el mayor número posible de situaciones para que sus estudiantes puedan aplicar la noción de función afín en diferentes tareas, sean ellas escolares o no.

Os pontos de vista privilegiados no ensino da noção de derivad de uma função no ensino superior do brasil

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar os pontos de vista sobre a noção de derivada de uma função desenvolvida no Ensino Médio e que podem servir de apoio para a disciplina de Cálculo Diferencial e Integral no Ensino Superior. Para isso, escolhemos como referenciais teóricos centrais os pontos de vista de Thurston (1995) e a abordagem teórica em termos de pontos de vista de Rogalski (1995). Para melhor identificar as dificuldades associadas ao ensino e à aprendizagem da noção de derivada na transição Ensino Médio e Superior complementamos as análises utilizando as abordagens teóricas em termos de quadros de Douady (1984) e níveis de conhecimento de Robert(1997) e a teoria antropológica do didático de Bosch e Chevallard (1999). Os resultados encontrados mostram que pouca atenção é dada ao trabalho desenvolvido no Ensino Médio, não se levando em conta os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes, o que pode justificar as dificuldades encontradas por esses nos primeiros anos do Ensino Superior.

‘Martial races’ and ‘imperial subjects’: violence and governance in colonial India, 1857–1914

This essay explores the specificity of colonial violence in India. Although imperial and military historians are familiar with several instances of such violence—notably the rebellion in 1857 and the 1919 massacre at the Jallianwalla Bagh in Amritsar—there is a broader, and arguably more significant, history that has largely escaped attention. In contrast to metropolitan European states, where sovereignty derived, at least in principle, from a covenant between subjects and government, the sovereign power of the colonial state was always predicated on the violent subjugation of ‘the natives’. However, while violence was integral to colonialism, such violence was never a purely metropolitan agency: most of those recruited to serve in the colonial military were, themselves, Indian. Exploring the history of the imperial military in South Asia after 1857, the paper outlines the complex and rather ambiguous relationship between the colonial state and its ‘native armies’. RESUME Cet article se penche sur la spe´cificite´ de la violence coloniale. Malgre´ des exemples familiers—comme la grande re´volte de 1857 en Inde ou le massacre de Jallianwalla Bagh a` Amritsar en 1919—il y a une histoire plus large et plus importante qui a e´chappe´e a` l’attention des historiens. Contrairement aux e´tats europe´ens ou la souverainete´ de´rivait en principe du moins d’un contrat social entre les acteurs sociaux, le pouvoir souverain de l’e´tat colonial restait fonde´ sur la subjugation violente des indige`nes.

The Effects Of Reduced Salinity On Colonial Growth And Membership In A Hydroid

The effect of different salinity levels on colonial growth and gonozooid frequency of the hydroid Campanularia flexuosa Hincks has been studied. It is shown that the usual cumulative presentation of growth data tends to obscure evidence of acclimation and other features of importance to an interpretation of adaptations of the growth process to salinity changes. A method of analysis is described that not only demonstrates acclimation, but apparently shows how growth is controlled after disturbance by changes in salinity. One other response to reduced salinity and other unfavourable changes in water chemistry is an increase in gonozooid frequency due to the diversion of resources from the formation of new hydranths.

Outposts of Empire: Scientific Discovery and Colonial Displacement in Gaskell's Wives and Daughters

This article offers a fresh consideration of Elizabeth Gaskell's unfinished Wives and Daughters (1864–6), in terms of what this metropolitan novelist knew about contemporary scientific debates and imperial exploration of Africa, and how her familiarity with these discourses was incorporated into her imaginative work. Her focus for these two related themes is the naturalist Roger Hamley, whose character and exploits are meant to parallel those of the young Charles Darwin. Roger's direct involvement in the historical Geoffroy–Cuvier debate allows Gaskell to offer a sophisticated examination of how discussions about evolutionary biology (about which she learned from personal acquaintances and printed sources) contributed to political and social change in the era of the first Reform Bill. Roger's subsequent journey to Abyssinia to gather specimens allows Gaskell to form a link between science and imperial exploration, which demonstrates how, when carried to its conclusion, the development of classificatory knowledge systems was never innocent; rather, it facilitated colonial exploitation and intervention, which allowed for the ‘opening up of Africa’. Gaskell's pronouncements about science in the novel are far more explicit than her brief references to empire; the article ponders why this should be so, and offers some suggestions about how her reliance on imaginative and discursive constructs concerning the ‘Dark Continent’ may be interpreted as tacit complicity with the imperial project, or at least an interest in its more imaginative aspects.

The Violent Maintenance of the Portuguese Colonial Identity and the Search for a Postcolonial one: literary images of Portugal as a colonial and postcolonial nation

Through the examination of Camões's Os Lusíadas , Sena's Os Grão-Capitães and Saramago's A Jangada de Pedra , this article explores violence as a means of shaping Portuguese identity in different historical contexts, and how these works portray the continued recourse to violence as Portugal moves from colonizing to postcolonial nation.