Energy expenditure after 2- to 3-hour elective surgical operations

Energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry in 17 adult patients (8 women and 9 men) before surgery, 4 hours immediately after surgery , and 24 hours late after surgery in patients undergoing elective surgery of small-to-medium scope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The total duration of surgery ranged from 2 to 3 hours. Repeated measures were performed on the same patient, so that each patient was considered to be his/her own control. All patients received a 5% dextrose solution (2000 mL/day) throughout the postoperative period. RESULTS: Men showed a reduction in CO2 production during the immediately after surgery period (257±42 mL/min) compared to before surgery (306±48 mL/min) and late after surgery (301±45 mL/min); this reduction was not observed in women. Energy expenditure was also lower in men during immediately after surgery (6.6 kJ/min). None of the other measurements, including substrate oxidation, showed significant differences. CONCLUSION: Therefore, elective surgery itself cannot be considered an important trauma that would result in increased energy expenditure. According to this study, it is not necessary to prescribe an energy supply exceeding basal expenditure during the immediate after-surgery period. The present results suggest that the energy supply prescribed during the postoperative period after elective surgery of small-to-medium scope should not exceed 5-7 kJ/min, so the patient does not receive a carbohydrate overload from energy supplementation.

Funcionalidade e qualidade de vida : um estudo no processo de envelhecimento em portadores e não portadores da diabetes tipo 2

RESUMO: Introdução: A diabetes é uma patologia crônica que vêm crescendo exponencialmente em países desenvolvidos e, principalmente, naqueles em desenvolvimento, como é o caso do Brasil. Além de gerar importante custo aos sistemas públicos de saúde, sabe-se que as consequências do mau controle da diabetes tem impacto importante na vida de indivíduos que apresentam a doença, como a perda precoce da funcionalidade e a reduzida qualidade de vida. Nesse sentido, o governo federal brasileiro estabelece em 2002 o Programa Hiperdia, que prevê educação terapêutica e a assistência multiprofissional como estratégias na prevenção e controle das consequências geradas pelo mau controle da diabetes. Objetivo: O estudo aqui proposto tem como objetivo avaliar de que modo a presença e o tempo de diagnóstico da diabetes do tipo 2 (DM2) estão associados à funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de indivíduos assistidos pelo Programa Hiperdia. Metodologia: Foram avaliados indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, residentes na cidade de Viçosa-Minas Gerais/Brasil, distribuídos em diferentes grupos conforme as perspectivas de análise 1 (estudo da presença da DM2) e 2 (estudo do tempo de diagnóstico da patologia). Para a perspectiva 1 dois diferentes grupos foram comparados: controle (CTL), indivíduos sem DM2 ou qualquer patologia em órgãos alvo da doença; e DM2, indivíduos diagnosticados com diabetes do tipo 2. Já para a perspectiva 2 de análise pessoas diagnosticadas com DM2 foram distribuídas em dois diferentes grupos: G1, indivíduos com tempo de diagnóstico da DM2 ≥ 1 ano e ≤ 5 anos; e G2, indivíduos com tempo de diagnóstico da DM2 ≥ 10 anos. Previamente, avaliamos o estado cognitivo dos participantes por meio do Mini Mental State Exam. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos (rastreio de sintomas depressivos, sonolência diurna excessiva e antropometria) também foram avaliados, além da verificação do perfil bioquímico por meio de informações provenientes de prontuários médicos. Para o estudo da funcionalidade, os instrumentos Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living e o Life Style Questionnaire foram utilizados, assim como o SF-36v2 para a avaliação da qualidade de vida. Por fim, outras variáveis como conhecimento sobre a DM2 e gestão da patologia também foram investigadas. 10 Resultados: 198 indivíduos (CTL: 81; DM2: 117) com idade ≥ 40 anos foram avaliados, dos quais 55,5% apresentaram idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. A maioria corresponderam ao sexo feminino (62,6%). Foram verificados similares resultados para o estado cognitivo em ambas as perspectivas de análise. Pode-se dizer que, para a perspectiva 1 (CTL vs. DM2), os grupos apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significantes para a maioria das variáveis estudadas e tendência para a variável estilo de vida, com resultados desfavorecedores ao grupo DM2. Para a perspectiva 2 (G1 vs. G2), nossos resultados não evidenciam diferenças significantes para o tempo de diagnóstico em nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. Conclusões: Os resultados do estudo mostram que a presença da DM2 em situação de inadequado controle, bem como o insuficiente conhecimento sobre a patologia entre os indivíduos assistidos pelo Centro Hiperdia podem representar um importante fator para a verificação da reduzida funcionalidade e qualidade de vida. Isto sugere a necessidade de ajustes na execução do Programa, de modo a tornar possível o alcance dos objetivos propostos pelo mesmo. Referente ao tempo de diagnóstico da DM2, em nossa amostra, os resultados indicam que este parece não representar um fator desfavorecedor da funcionalidade e qualidade de vida.---------------------------ABSTRACT: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is a chronic disease that has been growing exponentially in developed countries, and even more so in developing countries such as Brazil. In addition, the pathology generates a significant cost to public healthcare systems. It is well known that the poor control of diabetes has important consequences on the lives of individuals diagnosed with the disease, such as the early loss of functionality and a reduced quality of life. In this sense, the Brazilian federal government established the Programa Hiperdia in 2002, a program that provides therapeutic education and multidisciplinary care in order to prevent and control the consequences of diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate how the presence and the diagnosis time of DM2 are associated with the functionality and quality of life of individuals assisted by the Programa Hiperdia. Methodology: We evaluated individuals aged 40 years or older living in Viçosa, Minas Gerais/Brazil, and divided them into different groups according to the analytical perspectives 1 (the study of the presence of DM2) and 2 (the study of the diagnosis time of DM2). For perspective 1, two different groups were compared: the DM2 group, which consisted of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and the control group (CTL), which consisted of individuals without type 2 diabetes or any disease in the target organs. For perspective 2, people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were divided into two different groups: G1, individuals with diagnosis time ≥ 1 year and ≤ 5 years; and G2, individuals with diagnosis time ≥ 10 years. Prior to group assignment, we assessed the cognitive status of all participants with the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE). Sociodemographic and clinical data (i.e. screening of depressive symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness and anthropometry) were also evaluated, as well as the biochemical profile based on information from the local Hiperdia center. To study functionality, Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Life Style Questionnaire were administered. Quality of life was assessed via the SF-36v2 Health Survey. Finally, variables such as knowledge about DM2 and disease management were also verified. Results: 198 subjects (CTL: 81; DM2: 117) aged ≥ 40 years were evaluated, of whom 55.5% were aged 60 years or older. The majority of subjects were women (62,6%). Cognitive status scores were similar amongst both analytical perspectives. In terms of perspective 1 (DM2. vs. CTL), it showed statistically significant differences between the groups for the most part of the variables studied, and poorer results in the DM2 group. Regarding perspective 2 (G1 vs. G2), our results did not show significant differences for the diagnosis time in any of the variables studied. Conclusions: Our findings show that the presence of DM2 with inadequate control of the condition, as well as lack of knowledge about the disease among individuals assisted by the Hiperdia center may represent an important factor in the poor functionality and reduced quality of life when compared to the control group. This suggests that the Program likely needs some adjustments on its implementation in order to make possible the achievement of the objectives proposed. With respect to the diagnosis time for DM2 in our sample, the results indicate that it does not seem to be a factor in poor functionality nor quality of life.

Shared lives social impact bond feasibility study

Loneliness and isolation among the elderly is an enormous problem in Portugal. Interventions to tackle loneliness worldwide have had limited success, and new approaches are needed. Shared Lives is an adult foster placement service in the UK that shows significant promise in tackling both loneliness, isolation and other societal challenges linked with ageing. This feasibility study suggests that replicating a Shared Lives service in Portugal, using a Social Impact Bond (SIB), is viable and likely to create both social and financial value for all stakeholders involved. This study provides recommendations for how a Shared Lives SIB could be designed and implemented.

Social impact bond feasibility study AEIPS intervention

AEIPS is a Portuguese social organization promoting the integration of people with mental health illnesses and/or substance abuse in the community through the intervention model Housing First. The philosophy of Housing First aims at lifting people out of their homelessness status by providing instant access to individualized and permanent housing as well as support services. Housing First projects from all over the world have proved very positive results in terms of residential stability and community integration of its participants. This feasibility study evaluates the suitability of using a Social Impact Bond to fund the Housing First intervention of AEIPS in Portugal.

Occupational Ergonomics and Safety, Part 2

[Excerpt] This section is the second part of a special issue on Occupational Ergonomics and Safety, which was organized for WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation. As in the first part of this thematic issue, this one comprises thirteen papers that were peer-reviewed and, finally, accepted for publication. This issue includes the work of authors from eleven countries all over the world. The variety of the presented works is not limited to their geographical origin, but it is also visible on the topics that are addressed, ranging from typical studies on ergonomics to safety management studies, as well as occupational hygiene topics.

Degradation of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors with TIPS-pentacene under processes applied in textile manufacturing

Printed electronics represent an alternative solution for the manufacturing of low-temperature and large area flexible electronics. The use of inkjet printing is showing major advantages when compared to other established printing technologies such as, gravure, screen or offset printing, allowing the reduction of manufacturing costs due to its efficient material usage and the direct-writing approach without requirement of any masks. However, several technological restrictions for printed electronics can hinder its application potential, e.g. the device stability under atmospheric or even more stringent conditions. Here, we study the influence of specific mechanical, chemical, and temperature treatments usually appearing in manufacturing processes for textiles on the electrical performance of all-inkjet-printed organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Therefore, OTFTs where manufactured with silver electrodes, a UV curable dielectric, and 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentance (TIPS-pentacene) as the active semiconductor layer. All the layers were deposited using inkjet printing. After electrical characterization of the printed OTFTs, a simple encapsulation method was applied followed by the degradation study allowing a comparison of the electrical performance of treated and not treated OTFTs. Industrial calendering, dyeing, washing and stentering were selected as typical textile processes and treatment methods for the printed OTFTs. It is shown that the all-inkjet-printed OTFTs fabricated in this work are functional after their submission to the textiles processes but with degradation in the electrical performance, exhibiting higher degradation in the OTFTs with shorter channel lengths (L=10 μm).

Measurement of charged-particle spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle spectra obtained in 0.15nb−1 of Pb+Pb interactions at sNN−−−√=2.76TeV and 4.2pb−1 of pp interactions at s√=2.76TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented in a wide transverse momentum (0.52) range. For Pb+Pb collisions, the spectra are presented as a function of collision centrality, which is determined by the response of the forward calorimeter located on both sides of the interaction point. The nuclear modification factors RAA and RCP are presented in detail as function of centrality, pT and η. They show a distinct pT-dependence with a pronounced minimum at about 7GeV. Above 60GeV, RAA is consistent with a plateau at a centrality-dependent value, within the uncertainties. The value is 0.55±0.01(stat.)±0.04(syst.) in the most central collisions. The RAA distribution is consistent with flat |η| dependence over the whole transverse momentum range in all centrality classes.

Measurement of the production of neighbouring jets in lead-lead collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This Letter presents measurements of correlated production of nearby jets in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurement was performed using 0.14 nb−1 of data recorded in 2011. The production of correlated jet pairs was quantified using the rate, RΔR, of ``neighbouring'' jets that accompany ``test'' jets within a given range of angular distance, ΔR, in the pseudorapidity--azimuthal angle plane. The jets were measured in the ATLAS calorimeter and were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameters d=0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. RΔR was measured in different Pb+Pb collision centrality bins, characterized by the total transverse energy measured in the forward calorimeters. A centrality dependence of RΔR is observed for all three jet radii with RΔR found to be lower in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The ratios formed by the RΔR values in different centrality bins and the values in the 40--80 % centrality bin are presented.

Programa de medidas do Plano de Gestão da Região Hidrográfica 2 (PGRH2): avaliação da bacia hidrográfica do Ave

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Geografia (área de especialização em Planeamento e Gestão do Território)

Análise e identificação dos termos matemáticos utilizados no 1º e 2º ciclo do ensino básico e sua correspondência na língua gestual portuguesa

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Dificuldades de Aprendizagem Específicas)

Motivação para o desporto escolar: estudo em alunos do 2º e 3º ciclo de escolaridade numa Escola Básica do concelho de Fafe

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Educação Física nos Ensinos Básico e Secundário

Investigação das dificuldades na memória de trabalho em alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental em Manaus: um estudo com a Working Memory Rating Scale

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Dificuldades de Aprendizagem Específicas)

Food safety in wine: removal of ochratoxin A in contaminated white wine using commercial fining agents

The presence of mycotoxins in foodstuff is a matter of concern for food safety. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain molds, being ochratoxin A (OTA) one of the most relevant. Wines can also be contaminated with these toxicants. Several authors have demonstrated the presence of mycotoxins in wine, especially ochratoxin A (OTA) [1]. Its chemical structure is a dihydro-isocoumarin connected at the 7-carboxy group to a molecule of L--phenylalanine via an amide bond. As these toxicants can never be completely removed from the food chain, many countries have defined levels in food in order to attend health concerns. OTA contamination of wines might be a risk to consumer health, thus requiring treatments to achieve acceptable standards for human consumption [2]. The maximum acceptable level of OTA in wines is 2.0 g/kg according to the Commission regulation No. 1881/2006 [3]. Therefore, the aim of this work was to reduce OTA to safer levels using different fining agents, as well as their impact on white wine physicochemical characteristics. To evaluate their efficiency, 11 commercial fining agents (mineral, synthetic, animal and vegetable proteins) were used to get new approaches on OTA removal from white wine. Trials (including a control without addition of a fining agent) were performed in white wine artificially supplemented with OTA (10 µg/L). OTA analysis were performed after wine fining. Wine was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min and 1 mL of the supernatant was collected and added of an equal volume of acetonitrile/methanol/acetic acid (78:20:2 v/v/v). Also, the solid fractions obtained after fining, were centrifuged (4000 rpm, 15 min), the resulting supernatant discarded, and the pellet extracted with 1 mL of the above solution and 1 mL of H2O. OTA analysis was performed by HPLC with fluorescence detection according to Abrunhosa and Venâncio [4]. The most effective fining agent in removing OTA (80%) from white wine was a commercial formulation that contains gelatine, bentonite and activated carbon. Removals between 10-30% were obtained with potassium caseinate, yeast cell walls and pea protein. With bentonites, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and chitosan no considerable OTA removal was verified. Following, the effectiveness of seven commercial activated carbons was also evaluated and compared with the commercial formulation that contains gelatine, bentonite and activated carbon. The different activated carbons were applied at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer in order to evaluate their efficiency in reducing OTA levels. Trial and OTA analysis were performed as explained previously. The results showed that in white wine all activated carbons except one reduced 100% of OTA. The commercial formulation that contains gelatine, bentonite and activated carbon (C8) reduced only 73% of OTA concentration. These results may provide useful information for winemakers, namely for the selection of the most appropriate oenological product for OTA removal, reducing wine toxicity and simultaneously enhancing food safety and wine quality.

Monitorização do risco de dificuldades de aprendizagem específicas na leitura de alunos do 2.º ao 4.ºano no contexto do modelo de resposta à intervenção

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Dificuldades de Aprendizagem Específicas)

Medical botany containing systematic and general descriptions, with plates, of all the medicinal plants, indigenous and exotic, comprehended in the catalogues of the materia medica, as published by the Royal Colleges of Physicians of London and Edinburgh : accompanied with a circumstantial detail of their medicinal effects, and of the diseases in which they have been most successfully employed /

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