Identification of CDH1 germline missense mutations associated with functional inactivation of the E-cadherin protein in young gastric cancer probands

E-cadherin is involved in the formation of cell-junctions and the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Direct evidence of E-cadherin mutations triggering tumorigenesis has come from the finding of inactivating germline mutations of the gene (CDH1) in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). We screened a series of 66 young gastric cancer probands for germline CDH1 mutations, and two novel missense alterations together with an intronic variant were identified. We then analysed the functional significance of the exonic missense variants found here as well as a third germline missense variant that we previously identified in a HGDC family. cDNAs encoding either the wild-type protein or mutant forms of E-cadherin were stably transfected into CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) E-cadherin-negative cells. Transfected cell-lines were characterized in terms of aggregation, motility and invasion. We show that a proportion of apparently sporadic early-onset diffuse gastric carcinomas are associated with germline alterations of the E-cadherin gene. We also demonstrate that a proportion of missense variants are associated with significant functional consequences, suggesting that our cell model can be used as an adjunct in deciding on the potential pathogenic role of identified E-cadherin germline alterations.

Interacción planta - áfido - endosimbionte: estudio de las relaciones entre plantas del género Solanum, Myzus persicae y Buchnera aphidicola

El áfido verde del duraznero, Myzus persicae, se asocia con la bacteria endosimbiótica Buchnera aphidicola que se localiza en el hemocele del áfido. B. aphidicola suplementa la dieta del áfido, aunque podría cumplir otros roles en la interacción planta-áfido. Las respuestas de las plantas a la infestación por M. persicae, muestran mayores similitudes con las respuestas a una infección bacteriana que al ataque de insectos masticadores, por ejemplo en la inducción de procesos relacionados a la senescencia. La hipótesis propuesta en este trabajo es que en la interacción plantaáfido están involucrados efectores, los cuales podrían ser sintetizados por el áfido o por su endosimbionte primario, B. aphidicola. Por esta razón en ésta Tesis se evaluó la participación de B. aphidicola y de la senescencia foliar inducida en la interacción planta-áfido, integrando estudios que involucran distintos aspectos de la interacción entre plantas, áfidos y el endosimbionte primario. Para estudiar el comportamiento alimenticio de los áfidos se utilizó la técnica de gráfico de penetración eléctrica (EPG), y para evaluar la expresión de genes se utilizó RT-qPCR. Se encontró que la inducción de senescencia foliar incrementó el tiempo de ingestión de savia y mejoró el desarrollo ninfal de los áfidos. Además se encontró que la interrupción de la simbiosis con B. aphidicola, afecta el comportamiento alimenticio y la expresión de genes de las glándulas salivales del áfido, siendo el efecto más evidente en una interacción planta áfido compatible que en una interacción incompatible. Además, la interrupción de la simbiosis con B. aphidicola cambió la expresión de genes marcadores de las dos principales vías de defensa en Arabidopsis thaliana. Estos resultados confirman la participación de B. aphidicola y de procesos similares a la senescencia foliar, en la interacción planta-áfido.

Interacción planta - áfido - endosimbionte: estudio de las relaciones entre plantas del género Solanum, Myzus persicae y Buchnera aphidicola

El áfido verde del duraznero, Myzus persicae, se asocia con la bacteria endosimbiótica Buchnera aphidicola que se localiza en el hemocele del áfido. B. aphidicola suplementa la dieta del áfido, aunque podría cumplir otros roles en la interacción planta-áfido. Las respuestas de las plantas a la infestación por M. persicae, muestran mayores similitudes con las respuestas a una infección bacteriana que al ataque de insectos masticadores, por ejemplo en la inducción de procesos relacionados a la senescencia. La hipótesis propuesta en este trabajo es que en la interacción plantaáfido están involucrados efectores, los cuales podrían ser sintetizados por el áfido o por su endosimbionte primario, B. aphidicola. Por esta razón en ésta Tesis se evaluó la participación de B. aphidicola y de la senescencia foliar inducida en la interacción planta-áfido, integrando estudios que involucran distintos aspectos de la interacción entre plantas, áfidos y el endosimbionte primario. Para estudiar el comportamiento alimenticio de los áfidos se utilizó la técnica de gráfico de penetración eléctrica (EPG), y para evaluar la expresión de genes se utilizó RT-qPCR. Se encontró que la inducción de senescencia foliar incrementó el tiempo de ingestión de savia y mejoró el desarrollo ninfal de los áfidos. Además se encontró que la interrupción de la simbiosis con B. aphidicola, afecta el comportamiento alimenticio y la expresión de genes de las glándulas salivales del áfido, siendo el efecto más evidente en una interacción planta áfido compatible que en una interacción incompatible. Además, la interrupción de la simbiosis con B. aphidicola cambió la expresión de genes marcadores de las dos principales vías de defensa en Arabidopsis thaliana. Estos resultados confirman la participación de B. aphidicola y de procesos similares a la senescencia foliar, en la interacción planta-áfido.

Biologia e matemática: um encontro de possibilidades?

Com o presente trabalho buscou-se articular saberes de Matemática e Biologia presentes no Ensino Médio brasileiro. Na tessitura teórica, destacaram-se Morin (conhecimento como elaboração complexa), Machado (as redes de saberes) e Lévy (metáfora do hipertexto). Consideramos como eixos para a pesquisa: 1) Possibilitar ações didáticas envolvendo de forma complexa Biologia e Matemática; 2) Biologia e Matemática como objetos de atuação do professor e instrumentos para o estudante elaborar conhecimento. A análise dos resultados permitiu a identificação de duas categorias de integração entre Biologia e Matemática no Ensino Médio: 1) instrumentos matemáticos utilizados para descrever fenômenos biológicos; 2) a Matemática utilizada para a resolução de problemas da Biologia. O trabalho apresenta-se como estudo teórico que apontou temas dos ensinos de Biologia e Matemática no Ensino Médio favorecedores de articulações e ampliação do alcance didático dessas disciplinas no Nível Médio de ensino.

En el entorno del teorema Kou-Ku (I)

La nueva dirección de SUMA nos pregunta qué línea va a seguir “Desde la Historia”. Las líneas se hacen andando, que diría Machado, y esta respuesta es no sólo cierta en general sino obligada en nuestro caso para esta sección de la revista. No somos especialistas en historia de las matemáticas, sólo simples aficionados, y ello nos impide concretar mucho los contenidos. Sí somos especialistas otra cosa es que seamos buenos especialistas en animar tertulias sobre matemáticas para adolescentes y ello será, junto con lo que leamos y especulemos, la fuente de nuestra aportación a “Desde la Historia”. Desde nuestro profundo convencimiento de que el quehacer didáctico es un arte más que una ciencia –y aquí nos resulta obligado el recuerdo de Paco Hernán-, y por tanto improgramable, nos dejaremos llevar también aquí de la intuición de cada momento: fiaremos a la motivación contenidos y digresiones, apasionamientos, descaros y concurrencias. Lo que escribamos estará seguramente muy relacionado con las conexiones que nuestras clases nos motiven, de manera que lo más probable es que haya en los artículos una fuerte interdisciplinariedad, una mezcla de intereses personales sobre historia y de reflexiones sobre didáctica. En cualquier caso intentaremos responder a la renovada confianza que SUMA nos ha mostrado y que sinceramente agradecemos. Por supuesto, nuestra dirección de correo está disponible para cualquier sugerencia, aportación o crítica que los lectores y lectoras de SUMA queráis hacer.

Collection and analysis of pre-evacuation time data collected from evacuation trials conducted in library facilities in Brazil

Two evacuation trials were conducted within Brazilian library facilities by FSEG staff in January 2005. These trials represent one of the first such trials conducted in Brazil. The purpose of these evacuation trials was to collect pre-evacuation time data from a population with a cultural background different to that found in western Europe. In total some 34 pre-evacuation times were collected from the experiments and these ranged from 5 to 98 seconds with a mean pre-evacuation time of 46.7 seconds

The use of a mathematical multicriteria decision-making model for selecting the fire origin room

Over the last three decades, the fire safety codes have been changing from a prescriptive approach to a performance-based one. Some countries, such as the USA, Sweden, New Zealand, Australia and the UK, are in an advanced stage of development and implementation of the performance-based codes. However, there are some difficulties in this process. Most of them are due to the uncertainties associated with fire design. For instance, one of the questions that need to be answered is how to select the most probable fire origin room (FOR)? On the other hand, to know where the FOR is located is also an important aspect in terms of forensic issues. Given that, to address this question is an important step for the establishment of fire designs (i.e., pre-fire phases) and also for fire investigations (i.e., post-fire phases). This paper proposes a methodology for selecting the FOR through the use of a mathematical multicriteria decision-making model: the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The proposed method is then applied to a hypothetical study case. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.

Evacuation modelling analysis within the operational research context: a combined approach for improving enclosure designs

Evacuation models have been playing an important function in the transition process from prescriptive fire safety codes to performance-based ones over the last three decades. In fact, such models became also useful tools in different tasks within fire safety engineering field, such as fire risks assessment and fire investigation. However, there are some difficulties in this process when using these models. For instance, during the evacuation modelling analysis, a common problem faced by fire safety engineers concerns the number of simulations which needs to be performed. In other terms, which fire designs (i.e., scenarios) should be investigated using the evacuation models? This type of question becomes more complex when specific issues such as the optimal positioning of exits within an arbitrarily structure needs to be addressed. Therefore, this paper presents a methodology which combines the use of evacuation models with numerical techniques used in the operational research field, such as Design of Experiments (DoE), Response Surface Models (RSM) and the numerical optimisation techniques. The methodology here presented is restricted to evacuation modelling analysis, nevertheless this same concept can be extended to fire modelling analysis.

Numerical optimisation techniques applied to evacuation analysis

A common problem faced by fire safety engineers in the field of evacuation analysis concerns the optimal design of an arbitrarily complex structure in order to minimise evacuation times. How does the engineer determine the best solution? In this study we introduce the concept of numerical optimisation techniques to address this problem. The study makes user of the buildingEXODUS evacuation model coupled with classical optimisation theory including Design of Experiments (DoE) and Response Surface Models (RSM). We demonstrate the technique using a relatively simple problem of determining the optimal location for a single exit in a square room.

Reality Shows in Chile, origin and road map. Historical-Communication Dialogues

Reality shows are TV programs which represent a format used in television nowadays; however, the observation practices of individual and/or group intimacy dates from thousands years ago. Sometimes this was driven by voyeurism or morbid fascination, some others, by the purpose of guarding, supervising and maintaining status quo. This work offers an alternative answer to the explanation of this type of TV program emergence and relates this appearance to a government procedure bound up with modern State terrorism which began at the end of the eighteenth century and has been recalled by different regimes until present days.

The proposal of democratic citizenship in Hannah Arendt

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze Hannah Arendt’s citizenship proposal. The central thesis is that this proposal is possible in contemporary democracies, and it is adequate for developing and strengthening of political action. The work is divided in five sections. In the first, we develop a brief introduction on the studied issue. In the second and third section, we analyze, respec-tively, political and moral conditions that enable democratic citizenship, and the conditions that hinder the exercise of the same, according to Arendt. Then, we reflect critically on Arendt’s citizenship proposal. Finally, we conclude and we propose a set of civic challenges relate to current democracies in light of the above proposal.

Reading of audiovisual productions of contemporary art in art education

This article focuses on the reading of audiovisual productions of contemporary art as a creative process, seeking to analyse which effects of meaning the articulations between the visual and sound systems produce, and the meaning that children give to then. It describes a video art, identifying the languages that compose it and the relationships that link them. Such reading exercise had as corpus of analysis the Chair video art, by Masaru Ozaki, and counted with the theoretical and methodological support of the discourse semiotics, especially with studies on assembly procedures that articulate visual and auditory languages. Also, it presents a focal study with the meanings that a group of children gave to the video art. The findings indicate the importance of including the reading of audiovisual productions of contemporary art at school through the problematization of effects of meaning produced by the interrelation between different languages. And they suggest some subsidies that allow teachers from different areas of knowledge to reflect about the visuality in their pedagogical practice; the choice of the audiovisual materials taken to the classroom and other ways of seeing these texts edited.