Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1905 (SER2,T4,FASC1).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1911 (SER2,T10,FASC1).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1922 (SER2,T16).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1929 (SER2,T22).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1878 (A3,N4)-1879.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1881 (N7,A6)-1882.

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1925 (SER2,T19).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1884 (A9,N11)-1886 (A10,N11).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1936 (SER2,VOL44,T28).

Annales de l'Institut national agronomique : administration, enseignement et recherche

1907 (SER2,T6,FASC1).

Can the administration be trusted? An analysis of the concept of trust, applied to the public sector

In the first part of this paper, we present the various academic debates and, where applicable, questions that remain open in the literature, particularly regarding the nature of trust, the distinction between trust and trustworthiness, its role in specific relationships and its relationship to control. We then propose a way of demarcating and operationalizing the concepts of trust and trustworthiness. In the second part, on the basis of the conceptual clarifications we present, we put forward a number of "anchor points" regarding how trust is apprehended in the public sector with regard to the various relations hips that can be studied. Schematically, we distinguish between two types of relations hips in the conceptual approach to trust: on one hand, the trust that citizens, or third parties, place in the State or in various public sector authorities or entities, and on the other hand, trust within the State or the public sector, between its various authorities, entities, and actors. While studies have traditionally focused on citizens' trust in their institutions, the findings, limitations and problems observed in public - sector coordination following the reforms associated with New Public Management have also elicited growing interest in the study of trust in the relationships between the various actors within the public sector. Both the theoretical debates we present and our propositions have been extracted and adapted from an empirical comparative study of coordination between various Swiss public - service organizations and their politico - administrative authority. Using the analysis model developed for this specific relationship, between various actors within the public service, and in the light of theoretical elements on which development of this model was based, we propose some avenues for further study - questions that remain open - regarding the consideration and understanding of citizens' trust in the public sector.

La viande et la santé publique [Meat and public health].

La presse a donné un large écho à une récente publication émanant du Centre international de recherche sur le cancer, une agence spécialisée de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé. Cette publication présente la reclassification de certains aliments carnés comme agents cancérigènes. Comme institution universitaire de santé publique, l'IUMSP souhaite apporter des précisions

New cationic nanovesicular systems containing lysine-based surfactants for topical administration: Toxicity assessment using representative skin cell lines

Many strategies for treating diseases require the delivery of drugs into the cell cytoplasm following internalization within endosomal vesicles. Thus, compounds triggered by low pH to disrupt membranes and release endosomal contents into the cytosol are of particular interest. Cationic nanovesicles have attracted considerable interest as effective carriers to improve the delivery of biologically active molecules into and through the skin. In this study, lipid-based nanovesicles containing three different cationic lysine-based surfactants were designed for topical administration. We used representative skin cell lines and in vitro assays to assess whether the cationic compounds modulate the toxic responses of these nanocarriers. The nanovesicles were characterized in both water and cell culture medium. In general, significant agglomeration occurred after 24 h incubation under cell culture conditions. We found different cytotoxic responses among the formulations, which depended on the surfactant,cell line (3T3, HaCaT, and THP-1) and endpoint assayed (MTT, NRU, and LDH). Moreover, no potential phototoxicity was detected in fibroblast or keratinocyte cells, whereas only a slight inflammatory response was induced, as detected by IL-1a and IL-8 production in HaCaT and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. A key finding of our research was that the cationic charge position and the alkyl chain length of the surfactants determine the nanovesicles resulting toxicity. The charge on the a-amino group of lysine increased the depletion of cell metabolic activity, as determined by the MTT assay, while a higher hydrophobicity tends to enhance the toxic responses of the nanovesicles. The insights provided here using different cell lines and assays offer a comprehensive toxicological evaluation of this group of new nanomaterials.

La surveillance bancaire belge de 1935 façonnée sur le modèle suisse: un discret transfert de politique publique?

Suite aux graves crises bancaires et financières qui ont secoué la plupart de sociétés occidentales au début des années 1930, on assiste à un foisonnement de réglementations publiques sur les activités bancaires. Parmi les très nombreux pays qui mettent en place des législations bancaires, l'on compte notamment la Suisse et la Belgique. Plus précisément, la loi fédérale suisse sur les banques de novembre 1934 précède de quelques mois l'arrêté royal belge no 185 de juillet 1935. Alors que le contexte historique et l'élaboration respective de chacune de ces réglementations ont déjà fait l'objet de plusieurs analyses, la comparaison et la question des éventuels liens entre ces deux régimes de surveillance bancaire très proches sont encore largement inexplorées. Une analyse détaillée du processus d'élaboration de la réglementation bancaire belge révèle que la loi suisse a joué un rôle de modèle mis en avant en premier chef par les représentants du monde bancaire. Cette influence helvétique a contribué à façonner la régulation bancaire dans une perspective libérale ; elle répondait ainsi à deux besoins essentiels: limiter l'interventionnisme étatique au minimum, et court-circuiter le pouvoir de la banque centrale. Cette parenté de naissance entre les deux lois bancaires trouve son pendant dans les activités clés deux organismes de surveillance créés pour l'occasion, la Commission fédérale des banques à Berne et la Commission bancaire à Bruxelles. Disposant toutes deux de moyens d'actions limités, ces deux instances ont connu des parcours analogues au cours de leurs premières années d'activité.