利用激光诱导击穿光谱对铝合金成分进行多元素同时定量分析

利用激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析了铝合金中多种元素的成分。采用Nd∶YAG脉冲激光器,在空气环境下烧蚀铝合金固体样品获得等离子体。利用多通道光栅光谱仪和CCD检测器对200～980nm波长范围的光谱进行同时检测。研究了检测时延、激光脉冲能量、元素深度分布对光谱强度的影响,考虑这些因素之后对实验参数进行了优化。在优化的实验参数下对国家标准铝合金样品中的八种元素Si,Fe,Cu,Mn,Mg,Zn,Sn及Ni进行了定标,并利用定标曲线对一种铝合金样品进行了定量分析。实验结果表明,测量结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)最大为5.89%,相对误差在-20.99%～15%范围内,说明对铝合金样品成分进行定量分析,激光诱导击穿光谱是一种有效的光谱分析工具,但是分析结果的准确度仍需要提高。

中国北方中新世风尘物质来源及古气候的地球化学指示

The most prominent tectonic and environmental events during the Cenozoic in Asia are the uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau, aridification in the Asian interior, and onset of the Asian monsoons. These caused more humid conditions in southeastern China and the formation of inland deserts in northwestern China. The 22 Ma eolian deposits in northern China provide an excellent terrestrial record relative to the above environmental events. Up to date, many studies have focused on the geochemical characters of the late Mio-Pleistocene eolian deposits, however, the geochemical characteristics of the Miocene loess and soils is still much less known. In this study, the elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the eolian deposits from the Qinan (from 22.0 to 6.2 Ma) and the Xifeng (from 3.5 Ma until now) loess-soil sections were analyzed to examine the grain size effects on the element concentrations and the implications about the dust origin and climate. The main results are as follows: 1. The contents of Si, Na, Zr and Sr are higher in the coarser fractions while Ti and Nb have the highest contents in the 2-8 μm fractions. Al, Fe, Mg, K, Mn, Rb, Cu, Ga, Zn, V, Cr, Ni, LOI have clear relationships with grain-size, more abundant in the fine fraction while non significant relationship is observed for Y. Based on these features, we suggest that K2O/Al2O3 ratio can be used to address the dust provenance, and that VR (Vogt ratio = (Al2O3+K2O)/(MgO+CaO+Na2O)) can be used as a chemical weathering proxy for the Miocene eolian deposits because of their relative independence on the grain size. Meanwhile, SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio is a best geochemical indicator of original eolian grain size, as suggested in earlier studies. 2. Analyses on the Sr and Nd isotope composition of the last glacial loess samples (L1) and comparison with the data from the deserts in northern China suggest that that Taklimakan desert is unlikely to be the main source region of the eolian dust. In contrast, these data suggest greater contributions of the Tengger, Badain Jaran and Qaidam deserts to the eolian dust during the last glacial cycle. Since the geochemical compositions (major, trace, REE and Sr, Nd isotope) of loess samples for the past 22 Ma are broadly similar with the samples from L1, these data trend to suggest relatively stable and insignificant changes of dust sources over the past 22 Ma. 3. Chemical weathering is stronger for Miocene paleosol samples than for the Plio-Pleistocene ones, showing warmer/more humid climatic conditions with a stronger summer monsoon in the Miocene. However, chemical weathering is typical of Ca-Na removal stage, suggesting a climate range from semiarid to subhumid conditions. These support the notion about the formation of a semi-arid to semi-humid monsoonal regime by the early Miocene, as is consistent with earlier studies.

东天山镁铁-超镁铁岩铜镍硫化物矿床通道式成矿机制与岩体含矿性评价研究

A mafic-ultramafic complex belt well developed in Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China, which contains a series of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits. This area is the important production basis for Cu-Ni deposits, including Tulargen deposit, Hulu deposit, Huangshan-Huangshandong deposit, Hulu deposit, Xiangshan deposit, Tianyu deposit, Chuanzhu deposit. In China, especially Eastern Tianshan, it is prevalent that large Cu-Ni deposits occurred in small intrusions, typically including Jinchuan, Kalatongke, et al., so the ore-forming mechanism and evaluation rule for those small intrusions are very meaningful and of universal significance. On the basis of the research to typical Cu-Ni deposits, ore-forming conditions and processes are summarized through which to evaluate the ore-bearing potential for barren intrusions and unexplored mafic-ultramafic intrusions. By the contrast, metallogenic rule and mechanism of ore genesis are concluded, and evaluation system is preliminarily set up on the basis of these conclusions. Quantitatively simulation for the composition of olivine is introduced for the first time in China to discuss the interaction between magma and sulfide, and a new method to calculate the Mg-Fe composition of primitive magma is developed. Interaction between magma and sulfide liquid is used to get the Ni content in sulfide liquid. Sulfur isotopic characteristics in sulfide minerals in country rocks and ores are used to judge crustal sulfur introduction, which is applied for the first time in China. Re-Os isotopic characteristics are related to the ore-forming process, to interpret the process of enrichment of chalcophile elements. On the basis of the evaluation system, Mati, Chuanzhu, Luodong, Xiadong, those intrusions are evaluated to their ore-bearing potential. According to the studies to typical Cu-Ni deposits, conduit-type ore-forming model is set up, and the characteristics of the model are concluded systematically. The evaluation system and conduit-type ore-forming model can be helpful to the evaluation of mafic-ultramafic intrusions in this and similar mafic-ultramafic intrusion belts. The studied typical deposits and mafic-ultramafic intrusion include Tulargen deposit, Hulu deposit, Huangshandong deposit, Chuanzhu deposit, Mati intrusion，Luodong intrusion, Xiadong intrusion, and others. Through studies, there are similar characteristics for Tulargen and Hulu deposits in magma origin, composition of primitive magma（MgO=12.5%, FeO=12% and MgO=11%, FeO=10.5% respectively）, magma evolution, mechanism of sulfide segregation and conduit-type ore-forming process. By Re-Os isotopic system, the ore forming date of Tulargen deposit is 265.6±9.2Ma, which is consistent to regional metallogenic event, but little younger. The Mg-Fe composition of primitive magma of Baishiquan, Huangshandong area, Kalatongke is lower than that of Tulargen and Hulu deposit, showing common basalt composition. The Mg# value（Mg#=(Mg/Mg+Fe）increases gradually from Kalatongke to Baishiquan to Huangshan-Huangshandong East. Baishiquan intrusions show relatively higher crustal contamination by evidence of trace element, which indicates the lower magma original source, from depleted mantle to crust. One break is the discovery of komatiitic intrusion, Xiadong intrusion, which shows characteristics of highly magnesium (Max Fo=96). The primitive magma is calculated of MgO=28%，FeO=9%, belonging to komatiitic magma. Tectonic evolution of Eastern Tianshan is discussed. By the statistics of ore-forming data of porphyry copper deposits, magmatic sulfide Cu-Ni deposits, orogenic hydrothermal gold deposits, we believe that those deposits are the successive products of oceanic subduction, are and back-arc basin collision and post-orogenic extention. And Cu-Ni sulfide deposits and orogenic gold deposits occurred in the stage of post-orogenic extention. According to the conclusions, the conduit-type ore-forming mechanism of magmatic sulfide deposit is set up, and its characteristics and conditions are concluded as well. The conduit-type ore-forming system includes magma generation, sulfide segregation, enrichment of chalcophile elements, interaction of sulfide and magma, sulfide collection in limited space in magma conduit and bottom of the chamber, which make a whole ore-forming system.The ore-forming process of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits is concluded as three steps: 1. mantle derived magma rises upward to the middle-upper crust; 2. magma suffers crustal contamination of different degrees and assimilates crustal sulfur, which leads to sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation. Sulfide liquid interacts with magma and concentrates chalcophile elements; 3. enriched sulfide located in the conduit(Tulargen) or bottom of the chamber (Hulu). Depleted magma rises upward continuously to form barren complexes. For the practical cases, Tulargen deposit represents the feeding conduit, and Hulu deposit represents the bottom of the staging magma chamber. So the deeper of west of Tulargen and southwest of Hulu are the favorite locate for ore location. The evaluation for ore potential can be summarized as follows: (1) Olivine can be served as indicator for magma evolution and events of sulfide segregation; (2) Sulfur isotopic characteristics is an efficient method to judge sulfur origin for magmatic sulfide deposit; (3) Re-Os content of the ores can indicate interaction between sulfide and silicate magma and crustal contamination; (4) PGE mineralization is effected by degree of partial melting of mantle; (5) Cu/Zr is efficient parameter to judge sulfide segregation; (6) The effects of multiple magma fractionation and emplacement are important, for inverse order shows the destruction to previous solid lithofacies and orebodies. Mati, Chuanzhu, Xiadong, Luodong, mafic-ultramafic intrusions are evaluated using evaluation system above. Remarkable Ni depletion is found in olivine of Mati, and southwest of the intrusion can be hopeful location for ore location. Chuanzhu intrusion has remarkable evidence of sulfide segregation, but the intrusion represents the narrow feeder conduit, so the wide part of the conduit maybe the favorite location for sulfide to deposit. The ore potential of Luodong and Xiadong is not good. Both the intrusions show no Ni depletion in olivine, and there is no sulfide in country rocks, so no crustal sulfur is added into the magmatic system. For Sidingheishan, a very large intrusion, the phenomenon of sulfide segregation is found, but there are no favorite places for sulfide to deposit. So the Cu-Ni ore potential maybe not good, but PGE mineralization should be evaluated further.

渔塘坝硒矿硅质岩的地球化学特征及成因

渔塘坝硒矿床是目前我国发现含硒量（8590×10^-6）最高的小型独立硒矿床，其赋矿岩石主要为硅质岩，且发育程度较高。早二叠世晚期的黑色碳质硅质岩系，是区内的赋矿层位，它局限于特定的沉积相位，即碳酸盐合地海盆浅部沼泽（藻沼）环境沉积的黑色碳质硅质岩相带，硒矿化层和这套碳质硅质岩相带密切相关，其矿化相带呈NW向展布。硅质岩的SiO2含量变化较大（64.2%-94.85％），平均为75.9%;Fe2O3、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO、TiO2、Al2O3和MgO等含量相对，与其它热水成因硅质岩相近；硅质岩富含As、Sb、Fe和Ag，而贫Cu、Co和Ni；在Al-Fe-(Cu+Co+Ni)三角图、U-Th相关图和P2O3-Y相关图上的投影特征，也同样显示出硅质岩的热水成因特征。另本区硅质岩中的Cr含量较大，且（Fe+Mn）/Ti的比值为6.34，这表明硅质岩在成因上还可能和二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩喷发的火山作用有一定的联系。

热带亚热带季风气候条件下表生成矿地球化学－以个旧和老挝Nameung、Boloven地区为例

在前人对热带亚热带季风型气候条件下云南个旧砂矿、老挝Xaymomboun特区Ban Nameung铜多金属矿和Champasak省Boloven高原玄武岩等研究成果基础上，采用典型表生矿床实证解剖思路，选择个旧白云岩风化剖面、锡铅砂矿、锰结核、砂矿重选流程、Ban Nameung硫化氧化矿和Boloven玄武岩风化壳等对象，通过岩矿鉴定、主量微量元素地球化学、稀土元素地球化学、人工重砂、化学物相和微区分析等研究手段，研究这些矿床表生成矿物质来源、成矿机理、矿床地球化学特征和矿物工业可利用性等内容，并探索热带亚热带季风型气候条件下典型矿床表生成矿三个问题：（1）Sn、Pb、Mn、Ag、REE、Nb、Ta、Ga和Cd等元素表生富集成矿（矿化）规律；（2）上述元素成矿机理和工业利用可能性；（3）典型矿床其他20几种元素表生贫化与富集规律。研究获得如下主要认识： 1. 个旧地区燕山期以来持续抬升和亚热带季雨林的表生环境，使个旧地区大面积出露的碳酸盐岩风化形成强烈岩溶地貌，碳酸盐岩风化过程中CaO和MgO大量淋失，为砂矿提供了巨大容矿空间，同时碳酸盐地区碱性环境有利于原生硫化矿分解。含矿或不含矿白云岩、花岗岩、玄武岩、夕卡岩和原生硫化矿石等风化形成粘土矿物和铁锰氧化物，释放出Sn、Pb、Mn、Ga、Cd、Ag、In、Cu和Zn等元素，难风化重矿物如锡石表生残留富集，而粘土矿物和铁锰氧化物对成矿元素吸附是砂矿表生成因机理之一。 2. 个旧地区岩溶型砂矿形成机理为：（1）原生重矿物残留富集成矿，如锡石、磁铁矿。（2）金属硫化物残留成矿，如砂矿中残存大量方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿，是原生硫化物残留结果。（3）表生矿物富集成矿，如白铅矿、孔雀石、自然铅和自然铜等富集。（4）铁锰氧化物吸附和包裹成矿，如铁锰氧化物吸附Pb和Ga等元素，包裹含Pb和Zn微粒矿物。（5）锰结核吸附包裹成矿，锰结核吸附和包裹Sn、Pb和Cu等元素和微粒矿物。（6）类质同象成矿，如Ga和Al类质同象，Cd和Zn等类质同象成矿。（7）岩溶作用成矿，岩溶落水洞或溶洞内水流冲刷使锡石等重矿物富集成矿。元素表生成矿不仅是单一成矿作用结果，而是综合作用结果，如Pb有表生矿物富集成矿，也有铁锰氧化物吸附成矿。 3. 砂矿中锰结核是锰铁结核，主要成分为Fe2O3 、Al2O3、SiO2和MnO等，包裹了赤铁矿、方解石、云母、石英、蒙脱石、高岭石、白云石、钾长石等和锡石、白铅矿等矿物。锰结核中Mn、Sn、Pb、Ag、Ga、Cd和In富集成矿，Cu和Zn富集矿化，锰结核比砂矿更富集Mn、Pb和REE，其成矿机理应是吸附和包裹成矿元素或矿物使其富集成矿。 4. 个旧表生砂矿共生伴生组分复杂，有用矿物有锡石、方铅矿、白铅矿、黄铜矿、自然铅、自然铜、孔雀石、软锰矿、白钨矿、磁铁矿和褐铁矿等。模拟岩溶作用自然过程中砂矿矿物流向的源兴采选车间砂矿重选流程结果表明，锡铅精矿中Pb、Ga、Mo、Cd、In、Cu和Zn等金属总实收率仅为3.03％～6.44％，绝大部分金属留在了尾矿中。一段床和矿泥床分析中，Ag和Mn回收率低于0.66％～0.29％，Ag富集在硫化物态中，没有富集在铁锰氧化物态中；Mn富集在碳酸盐态中，没有铁锰氧化物态中。整个流程中Pb、Mn、Cu和Zn等富集在碳酸盐态矿物中，没有富集在硫化物态中。选矿流程没有利用具有潜在利用价值矿物如磁铁矿。重选流程解释了岩溶过程能富集Pb、Mn、Cu和Zn的碳酸盐矿物，不能富集这些元素的硫化矿物。 5. 老挝Ban Nameung硫化矿氧化初期，风化产物中Ag、Pb、Zn和Cu淋失，SiO2、K2O和CaO富集，风化后期Ag、Fe和Mn富集。硫化矿风化过程中，Au硫化物态部分变为有机态和铁锰氧化物态；Ag硫化物态部分变为铁锰氧化物态和有机态；Cu硫化物态部分变为铁锰氧化物态和碳酸盐态；Pb硫化物态、吸附态、碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化物态部分变为铁锰氧化物态、碳酸盐态和有机态；Zn硫化物态变为部分铁锰氧化物态、有机态、碳酸盐态和吸附态矿物。随着风化作用加强，上述几种相态比例还会改变。 6. 老挝Boloven新生代亚碱性玄武岩富Nb、Ta和Ga等微量元素，风化壳中REE、Nb、Ta和Ga已富集成矿，∑REE最高775×10-6～1003×10-6，（Nb2O5＋Ta2O5）最高642×10-6~656×10-6，Ga最高81.6 ×10-6。风化壳中达到边界品位的（Nb2O5＋Ta2O5）厚度有2m以上。REE可能存在于含P和Ti矿物中，也可能形成REE独立矿物。Nb、Ta和Ga应赋存在Ti、U、Zr和Th矿物中，其成矿应是重矿物表生残留富集结果，与粘土矿物吸附和三水铝石关系不紧密。

云贵高原湖泊近代沉积作用的Fe、Mn、S指示

铁、锰、硫具有强烈的氧化还原敏感性，在湖泊沉积地球化学过程中扮演着重要的角色。铁、锰、硫控制了沉积物中的氧化还原分带，对磷及其它一些微量金属元素的形态和分布具有重要影响。因此本文中我们选择铁、锰、硫来指示湖泊沉积作用中氧化还原过程的变化，为进一步高精度提取环境信息奠定基础。本文对比阿哈湖、洱海和阳宗海，通过铁、锰、硫在湖水、孔隙水和沉积物体系内的垂直剖面特征分析，阐述了三湖沉积物中氧化还原过程的区别、氧化还原边界层对铁锰循环的控制作用以及铁-锰-硫对重金属的控制作用，深入探讨了铁、锰、硫及微量元素记录的早期成岩改造特征及其对湖泊沉积作用的指示意义，进一步阐明了沉积物中的有机质降解规律及早期成岩机制，获得了如下结论：1．阿哈湖水中铁、锰出现季节性释放，锰的季节性释放强度比铁大；在冬季和夏季，阿哈湖沉积物界面铁、锰均出现富集。冬季的富集程度强于夏季，锰的富集程度远远强于铁。沉积物表层由冬季的黄褐色转变为夏季的黑色，表示铁、锰氧化物层转变为FeS层。2．洱海沉积物中，铁、锰均在沉积物一水界面出现富集，界面以下，铁、锰的含量逐渐递降。铁、锰在孔隙水中产生扩散迁移，而在沉积物表层形成富集，说明洱海沉积物表层处于较好的含氧状况，氧化还原边界层处于沉积物中；阳宗海沉积物孔隙水中铁锰峰值均位于界面2cm处，而沉积物中铁在表层出现亏损，表明夏季阳宗海表层处于缺氧状态，氧化还原边界层位于湖水中。3．铁、锰的界面扩散和沉降通量在不同湖间差异较大。但锰的扩散通量占沉降通量的比例高于铁，锰在界面的沉积后再迁移程度和沉积记录的改造程度比铁显著。湖泊中铁、锰在有机质降解过程的驱动下，围绕沉积物一水界面形成氧化还原循环。其中锰的循环相当激烈，铁则较为缓和。铁、锰界面循环受氧化还原边界层和沉积物—水界面的双重控制。4．三湖沉积物界面处均存在硫酸盐的还原作用。洱海硫酸盐由于其含量较低以及表层良好的含氧状况因此不可能成为有机质降解的主要氧化剂，而阳宗海和阿哈湖则情况相反。阿哈湖沉积物柱芯好氧菌和SRB的分布进一步证实了表层处硫酸盐在SRB的参与下强烈的还原作用，同时说明有机质的好氧和厌氧降解并不是完全对立的；水体向沉积物内部扩散是高硫酸盐浓度湖泊的主要清除作用，而对于低硫酸盐含量湖泊而言，水体浮游生物如藻类吸收和同化作用应是水体硫酸盐的主要清除机制。5．三湖沉积物硫主要都以黄铁矿存在。阳宗海的AVS含量较高，AVS和FeS_2在界面的富集进一步证实了在阳宗海沉积物界面存在着强烈的硫酸盐还原作用；阿哈湖沉积物中硫酸盐的还原与季节无太大联系。在夏季和冬季，沉积物表层均表现出明显的SO_4~(2-)还原作用。只不过随着氧化还原边界层的迁移，SO_4~(2-)还原作用的范围也随之发生迁移。铁氧化物作为电子受体参与有机质分解的过程中，水铁矿和纤铁矿等Feo首先被还原而溶解出来。同时，Feo和Fec是可以互相转化的，针铁矿和赤铁矿等晶体铁氧化物可以向水铁矿和纤铁矿转化。6．三湖中Corg都表示出明显的降解趋势，证明了沉积物表层存在的早期成岩作用。洱海表现出“沉降一降解一堆积”三阶段分布特征，而阳宗海和阿哈湖沉积物中Corg表现出“降解一堆积”二阶段分布特征；洱海沉积物中有机质的选择性分解不明显，C／N指示沉积物有机质主要来自无纤维束的陆源植物；阿哈湖沉积物中C／N很高，均>20，且随深度增加呈现上升的趋势，说明阿哈湖沉积物中有机质含易降解的低N和难降解的高C，有机质主要来源于陆源输入。7．洱海和阳宗海沉积物中均存在明显的重金属再迁移现象。洱海沉积物中铁、锰循环对Pb、Cu的迁移影响很大；颗粒物的吸附一解析作用是影响Cd迁移的主要因素；洱海沉积物中可迁移释放的Ni含量并不高。8．阳宗海沉积物孔隙水中Ni、Cu、Cd均与铁、锰表现出良好的相关性，铁、锰氧化物的还原是造成它们在孔隙水表层富集的主要控制因素。而Pb与铁、锰呈现微弱的正相关。Pb、Cd相对于Cu、Ni的释放趋势较强，再迁移作用较剧烈。Pb、Cd在表层孔隙水中与一些有机、无机化合物络合，由于沉积物的吸附作用而再次沉降到沉积物表层形成富集。沉积物中重金属的再迁移主要受有机质降解、铁锰氧化物还原和硫化物沉积控制，但是不同的湖泊控制因索各不相同。

硅酸盐熔体-流体共存体系中Cu分配系数的实验研究

硅酸盐固相与液相共存体系中Cu分配系数研究近年来取得重大进展，但大部分工作主要集中在研究流体组分的变化对Cu分配系数的影响。而固相组成的变化对Cu分配系数的影响则少有涉及。本文作者在相同实验条件、实验流程下成功合成了数个硅酸盐组分初始凝胶。初始凝胶基于精确改变AIUAI，Na/K的相对摩尔比值及SiO_2，Na+K的摩尔含量分为四组，而且同一组内其它组分的相对摩尔含量控制不变。分配实验条件设定为温度800℃，压力Ikbar，时间5天，在此实验条件下讨论了不同成分的初始硅酸盐固相与共存流体相（0.1mol／l的HCI）中Cu的分配系数。通过上述研究，主要得出如下初步认识。在初始固相组成中，Alk＋Al所占的总相对摩尔含量不变，改变初始固相Alk/Al的摩尔比。实验结果表明：在本文实验条件下，铜的分配系数明显地受Alk/Al比值改变的制约。随着Alk/Al的比值从0.666增大到1.500，铜的分配系数由54.16线性下降到16.55。即Al／Alk比值增大有利于硅酸盐固相与液相共存体系中铜在流体相中富集。控制Na＋K在初始固相中的摩尔百分含量不变，改变Na/K的比值。实验结果表明：尽管Na/K的比值在一个较大的范围内变化，但Cu的分配系数值在10上下很小一个范围内摆动，基本上可以认为是不变的。即在本文实验条件下，初始固相组成中Na/K比值的变化不影响硅酸盐固相与液相共存体系中Cu的分配系数。故可初步认为：初始固相中Na、K对Cu分配作用的贡献可能是一致的。单独改变初始固相中Na＋K的总摩尔含量，实验表明：随着Na＋K．的总相对摩尔含量增大，铜的分配系数线性下降。我们还可以结合Al/Al的改变对铜分配系数的影响可得到相似的结果。又上一小段结论认为：在Na＋K含量不变的情况下，Na/K比值改变不影响铜的分配系数。综合上述几方面进一步认为：在可能制约Cu分配系数的因子中，Na＋K的总含量变化是影响铜分配系数的一个重要因素；而Na＋K的总含量不变的情况下，Na/K的相对改变并不会影响铜的分配系数。改变SiO_2的初始摩尔相对含量，实验结果的规律性不是很明显，但从整体上分析分配系数，仍可发现一些可能的趋势：SiO_2的相对摩尔含量越高，铜的分配系数有下降的趋势。该组实验结果的不确定性，可能与SiO_2初始含量的基数大有关。铜的分配系数受流体的pH值的的制约。实验结果认为，酸性流体有利于铜在分配过程中进入流体相。虽则所有实验初始流体浓度及量是一样的，但实验后流体组成中铜的浓度与氯的浓度却呈正相关线性关系。本文实验与前人通过改变初始流体氯的浓度来讨论铜的分配系数实验相比，虽然实验体系各异，但在流体相中却得到相同的铜与氯的浓度关系。从而更有力地说明了流体相中铜与氯之间的互相依存关系，很可能流体相中铜与氯结合成络合物的形式存在。

黄土风化过程中元素的地球化学行为及风化淋滤模拟实验

开展黄土风化淋溶规律方面的工作，在土壤改良，环境质量评价，黄土高原的开发和治理，生态环境的保护等方面均有一定的理论和实际意义。笔者旨在从剖面上、地球化学动力学、水化学、及微量元素重金属形态方面研究黄土风化过程中元素的地球化学行为。一、黄土风化成壤作用过程中常量、微量元素的地球化学行为 本文的样品主要采自陕西洛川黑木沟黄土剖面，并选择了以Ti作为难迁移参考组分的方法从定量的风化程度指标和元素的淋失或聚积指标反映元素风化过程的变化。二、黄土与古土壤中重金属的存在形态及风化成壤作用对其影响 结果表明：Fe、Cu、Zn、Co、Ni均在残余态含量最高，其次为晶形和无定形氧化铁结合态，黄土与古土壤中晶形、无定形氧化铁含量与和这两个形态结合的Cu、Zn、Co、Ni之间作线性回归分析表明，Cu、Zn、Co、Ni与晶形、无定形氧化铁之间分别存在显著正相关。由各形态计算的相对淋溶、聚积值表明：黄土风化为古土壤后，碳酸盐结合态的重金属几乎全部释放。而晶形、无定形氧化铁结合态的重金属则明显聚积，其它形态的重金属变化不大。因此黄土风化为古土壤后与晶形、无定形氧化铁结合的重金属含量增加是古土壤相对黄土重金属总量增加的主要原因。三、黄土风化淋滤模拟实验及动力学机理 结果表明：1）pH对黄土风化有显著影响，酸度愈强，愈易于风化作用的进行；2）母质对黄土风化也有影响。四、洛河水系仙茹河流域元素的水迁移序列 为了反应在目前的水热生物气候条件下元素的迁移情况，笔者由仙菇河的河水化学组成及该流域黄土的平均化学成分，计算了粉砂质黄土带元素的水迁移序列：Na > Mg > Ca > K > Si > Fe > Al。

Programa Nacional de Joyería. Taller de Diseño, Departamento de Antioquia municipios de Frontino y Santa Fe de Antioquia febrero 19 a marzo 17 de 2002.

107 hojas : Ilustraciones.

Cuaderno de diseño e informe final. Regional Santa Fe de Bogotá, evaluación de productos y asesorías puntuales gestión de producción, gestión oficina de diseño y actividades.

150 hojas.

Predictions of the Pt(8)Ti phase in unexpected systems.

The binary A(8)B phase (prototype Pt(8)Ti) has been experimentally observed in 11 systems. A high-throughput search over all the binary transition intermetallics, however, reveals 59 occurrences of the A(8)B phase: Au(8)Zn(dagger), Cd(8)Sc(dagger), Cu(8)Ni(dagger), Cu(8)Zn(dagger), Hg(8)La, Ir(8)Os(dagger), Ir(8)Re, Ir(8)Ru(dagger), Ir(8)Tc, Ir(8)W(dagger), Nb(8)Os(dagger), Nb(8)Rh(dagger), Nb(8)Ru(dagger), Nb(8)Ta(dagger), Ni(8)Fe, Ni(8)Mo(dagger)*, Ni(8)Nb(dagger)*, Ni(8)Ta*, Ni(8)V*, Ni(8)W, Pd(8)Al(dagger), Pd(8)Fe, Pd(8)Hf, Pd(8)Mn, Pd(8)Mo*, Pd(8)Nb, Pd(8)Sc, Pd(8)Ta, Pd(8)Ti, Pd(8)V*, Pd(8)W*, Pd(8)Zn, Pd(8)Zr, Pt(8)Al(dagger), Pt(8)Cr*, Pt(8)Hf, Pt(8)Mn, Pt(8)Mo, Pt(8)Nb, Pt(8)Rh(dagger), Pt(8)Sc, Pt(8)Ta, Pt(8)Ti*, Pt(8)V*, Pt(8)W, Pt(8)Zr*, Rh(8)Mo, Rh(8)W, Ta(8)Pd, Ta(8)Pt, Ta(8)Rh, V(8)Cr(dagger), V(8)Fe(dagger), V(8)Ir(dagger), V(8)Ni(dagger), V(8)Pd, V(8)Pt, V(8)Rh, and V(8)Ru(dagger) ((dagger) = metastable, * = experimentally observed). This is surprising for the wealth of new occurrences that are predicted, especially in well-characterized systems (e.g., Cu-Zn). By verifying all experimental results while offering additional predictions, our study serves as a striking demonstration of the power of the high-throughput approach. The practicality of the method is demonstrated in the Rh-W system. A cluster-expansion-based Monte Carlo model reveals a relatively high order-disorder transition temperature.

Desarrollo territorial rural en el norte de Santa Fe : el caso de la feria promocional de Avellaneda

El presente trabajo trata sobre la Feria Promocional de Avellaneda, que funciona desde el año 2002 en la ciudad homónima del norte santafesino y está integrada por pequeños productores agropecuarios. Con esta experiencia se ha contribuido al establecimiento de un canal de comercialización alternativo que es gestionado actualmente por la organización de feriantes, producto del proceso mencionado. El Programa Social Agropecuario (PSA) ha intervenido durante las etapas de creación y posterior funcionamiento de esta feria, sustentándose en dos enfoques: el Desarrollo Rural con Enfoque Territorial y en la Intervención Comunitaria como propuesta metodológica desde la perspectiva de la Educación Popular. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la experiencia de la Feria Promocional de Avellaneda para la comprensión del proceso de intervención y la generación de lecciones aprendidas. El abordaje metodológico se basa en los principios básicos de una sistematización de experiencias, entendida como un proceso de reflexión participativa efectuado en conjunto con las familias que integran la feria y con los distintos actores locales relacionados con ella: los técnicos del PSA, los funcionarios de la Municipalidad de Avellaneda y los clientes. Finalmente se sintetizan las lecciones aprendidas que se enuncian como un listado de buenas prácticas para ser tenidas en cuenta por otras iniciativas que se propongan desarrollar una actividad similar.

Accidentes en trabajadores ganaderos en Santa Fe, Argentina

p.67-76

Comportamiento agronómico de lupino (Lupinus albus L.) en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe

p.213-218

Número de días con precipitación en años Niño y Niña en al región Pampeana Argentina

p.197-202