中国蕨类植物保护生物地理学研究

保护生物地理学（Conservation biogeography）就是运用生物地理学的原理、理论和分析方法，特别是那些有关物种分布格局的信息，去解决生物多样性保护的相关问题，是当前生物多样性及其保护生物学研究领域的热点。通过构建中国蕨类植物物种及分布数据库得知，中国现有蕨类植物63科，221属，2456种，其中有1218种属于中国特有（中国蕨类总数约50%），3种蕨类植物为外来种。科的统计表明：最大的科为鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、金星蕨科和水龙骨科4个科所包含的种类占全国总种数的51.5%。鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、金星蕨科、水龙骨科、铁角蕨科、凤尾蕨科、碗蕨科、中国蕨科、叉蕨科、观音座莲科等十个大科所含种数占了中国特有种总数的80%。云南、四川、贵州、广西、台湾、湖南、西藏等省区是中国蕨类植物种类数量及中国特有种数量较多的地区；全国有22个省区拥有地方特有种，地方特有蕨类植物数量由西向东、由南向北逐渐递减，云南、台湾、西藏、海南等四省区的地方特有蕨类植物种数占各省区蕨类植物总数10%以上，反映了青藏高原隆起及岛屿现象对中国特有蕨类植物分化的影响。 中国蕨类植物与各地理、环境及气候因子的相关性分析结果表明：（1）随着经度、纬度的增加， 蕨类植物物种总数及中国特有蕨类植物总数具有减少的趋势；（2）蕨类植物在海拔1000-1600米之间、特有蕨类植物在海拔700-2100米之间具有最大的多样性，此区间外随着海拔的降低及升高，物种丰富度依次降低；（3）气候因子特别是一月均温、年均温、相对湿度、年降雨量等因素对蕨类植物及中国特有蕨类植物均具有较大的影响，与最热月均温成低度线性相关或相关不显著；（4）地形因子是影响蕨类植物多样性的一个独立因素，地形条件越复杂，蕨类植物种类及中国特有蕨类植物种类越丰富。 运用SPSS统计分析软件分析了中国蕨类植物在各省之间种的相似性，以省区为单元对中国各省区蕨类植物物种组成进行了聚类分析，最后结果划分成：①南方蕨类植物区（包括横断山—青藏高原亚区、华中亚区、华东亚区、华南亚区）和北方蕨类植物区（包括东北—华北—西北亚区、秦岭亚区、江淮亚区）。 中国蕨类植物区系地理成分分析结果表明：（1）中国—喜马拉雅分布（40.86%）、热带亚洲分布（30.95%）、东亚分布（12.77%）和中国—日本分布（8.24%）构成中国蕨类植物区系成分的主体；在洲际关系方面，中国蕨类植物与大洋洲的蕨类植物关系最为紧密，共有种最多，达94种；与南美洲共有的蕨类植物种类最少，仅32种。（2）基于地理成分的聚类分析结果表明，可将我国蕨类植物区系地理区划为代表温带亚洲成分的（特别是中亚、西亚地中海分布成分）西北温带亚洲植物区、代表古热带成分的华南古热带植物区和代表广义东亚成分的东亚植物区，东亚植物区可继续下分为中国东北—俄罗斯远东亚区（该区分布有大量的东亚－北美间断分布类型）、中国—日本植物亚区、中国—喜马拉雅植物亚区。 运用IUCN濒危物种等级对中国蕨类植物及其国家重点保护蕨类植物进行了现状评估，结果表明：可能灭绝（EX）的2种，极危（CR）的蕨类植物有33种，属于濒危（EN）的蕨类植物51种，属于易危（VU）的蕨类植物有109种，接近受危（NT）的蕨类植物158种，需予关注（LC）的845种，数据不足（DD）的1255种。对国家重点保护蕨类植物的保护级别提出部分变更的建议，对部分没有列入保护名录珍稀蕨类提出保护的建议，并就建议保护级别变更和增加保护的种类进行了必要的说明。

TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCING DEFECT-FREE SOI BY DUAL ELECTRON BEAM HEATING OF DEPOSITED POLYSILICON.

Advances in the dual electron-beam recrystallization technique arising from the fast scanning of a line beam parallel to the edges of narrow seeding windows are described. The resultant recrystallized layers are essentially defect-free, have good surface flatness, and cover large areas.

Unsteady transition in an axial-flow turbine. Part 2. Cascade measurements and modeling

Part 1 of this paper reanalyzed previously published measurements from the rotor of a low-speed, single-stage, axial-flow turbine, which highlighted the unsteady nature of the suction surface transition process. Part 2 investigates the significance of the wake jet and the unsteady frequency parameter. Supporting experiments carried out in a linear cascade with varying inlet turbulence are described, together with a simple unsteady transition model explaining the features of seen in the turbine.

Predation of tuna longline catches in the Indian Ocean, by killer-whales and sharks

Since the inception of the tuna long line fishery in the Indian Ocean in 1952, an annual average of 10% of the number of tunas and spear fishes caught continues to be damaged by sharks. In spite of the fact that this method of fishing for tunas is also resulting in the exploitation of a significant quantity of the tuna-preying sharks, the extent of the damage by these predators continues to be fairly constant. Quite often the damaged tunas are acceptable to the market, especially for canning. On the other hand report of damage caused by killer-whales, occasional at the beginning of the fishery in the Indian Ocean, has been increasing in frequency each year and since 1960 tuna fishermen have been desperately calling for ways and means of reducing the damage caused by these mammals. Unlike sharks killer-whales do not get hooked on the tuna long line; and tunas damaged by killer-whales are almost always unfit even for canning. The problem of predation by killer-whales exists not only in the whole of the Indian Ocean including the Timor and Banda Seas but also in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, especially in the seas around New Guinea, Samoa, Caroline and Marshal Islands. The seriousness of this problem of predation was highlighted at the annual tuna research conference held in Kochi, Japan, in February 1963, and steps were taken to devote considerable attention to this problem.

Wavelength conversion based on an integrated semiconductor optical amplifier/DFB laser at 10 Gb/s with low input power

A study of the relative performance of an integrated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)/distributed feedback laser wavelength converter that can operate with negative penalties at 10 Gb/s rates is conducted. It is found that reduction of more than 25 times in required input powers are achieved when compared with laser or SOA converters.

Reduction of porosity in RE1Ba2Cu3Oy pseudo crystals

The distribution of porosity in Y1Ba2Cu3Oy (Y-123) pseudo-crystals prepared by hot seeded melt growth of precursor pellet samples pre-sintered at elevated temperatures in air or vacuum has been investigated. The results demonstrate that the porosity within the Y-123 pseudo-crystal matrix could be reduced dramatically by pre-sintering in vacuum, compared with that for precursor pellets processed in air.

Fabrication of large grain Nd-Ba-Cu-O by seeded melt growth

Large, single grain Nd-Ba-Cu-O (NdBCO) composite samples of NdBa2Cu3O7-δ (Nd-123) containing 15 and 20 mol. % non-superconducting Nd4Ba2Cu2O10 (Nd-422) phase inclusions have been fabricated successfully by a variety of techniques based on top-seeded melt growth under reduced oxygen partial pressure. Specifically, individual grains up to 2cm in diameter have been grown using (100) oriented MgO seeding, self (NdBCO) seeding at elevated temperature and self-seeding of Ag and Au doped precursor pellets. The latter exhibit a reduced peritectic decomposition temperature compared with the undoped compound. These techniques, which vary in degree of difficulty and hence reliability, yield grains with a range of microstructural homogeneity. This paper describes the general aspects of large NdBCO grain fabrication and presents the results of the different fabrication techniques.

Os problemas encontrados no desenvolvimento e planeamento das pescas em Moçambique

The author outlines the role of fisheries in the national economy of Mozambique and describes the way in which the objectives of fishery development reflect the aims of development in the economy. The history of the country is described and the steps to increase the fishery sector are detailed with a presentation of problems encountered.

Dynamics in dye-doped LC systems in presence of trans-cis isomerism

The excitation as well as relaxation dynamics of dye-doped nematic liquid crystal cells has been explored both experimentally and theoretically. Overshoots in the build up of the probe signal diffracted from gratings written onto dye-doped liquid crystal systems have often been observed. The overshoot behaviour makes the accurate measurement of nonlinear optical (NLO) response magnitude difficult and ambiguous. Moreover, it complicates the understanding of the dynamics and the physics of the NLO processes. On the basis of the system with trans-cis isomerisation as a mechanism of the NLO effect the quantitative model has been built to describe the experimental results which we observe. The two unknown material parameters: diffusion coefficient and cis species lifetime are calculated from the relaxation data. A quantitative model of the signal build-up uses these parameters. The calculated dynamic behaviour based on this model correlates very well with the experimental data. The model is used to predict the performance of the system with various dopant diffusion properties.

Growth performances of three microalgal species in filtered brackishwater with different inorganic media

The growth of three microalgae species, viz., Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis chui and Chaetoceros muelleri which are commonly used in aquaculture, was investigated using three different inorganic nutrient media: (i) Modified Guillard's f/2 medium (ii) Rix Mix medium and (iii) BFRI medium. Each microalgae species was cultured for 24 days in small- scale with initial inoculation density of 17xl04 cell /ml in the three media with triplicates. N. oculata cultured in modified Guillard's f/2 medium showed superior growth with a mean peak density of 221 ±4.24 x 104 cell/ ml, to Rix Mix medium (141 ± 10.54xl04 cell/ml) and BFRI medium (47±4.94 x 104 cell/ml) on the 16th day of culture at stationary phase. Considering the increase in cell density for 20 days of culture in Rix Mix medium, C. muelleriwas significantly (P<0.05) highest than in other two media. N. oculata cultured in BFRI medium resulted in the poorest growth with a mean peak increase in density of 84±9.19 x 104 cell/ml in 12 days of culture. However, with an increase in cell density, growth of T. chui (182 ± 6.26 x 104 cell/ml) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in BFRI medium than in modified Guillard's f/2 medium. The results of the present study suggest that N. oculata and C. muelleri can be grown very well in both the modified Guillard's f/2 medium and Rix Mix medium. Better growth of T. chui can be obtained while culturing either in BFRI and Rix Mix medium. These three nutrient media used in the present study may be useful for microalgae species culture for establishing green-water culture for suitable target zooplankton, and fish and crustacean larvae in marine and brackishwater hatcheries.

Suitability of sodium lactate as cryoprotectant and its effect on gel forming ability and protein denaturation of croaker fish surimi during frozen storage

The effect of sodium lactate is compared with sucrose + sorbitol + sodium tri-poly phosphate as cryoprotectant on gel forming ability & protein denaturation of croaker surimi during frozen storage at -20±2°C for 90 days was evaluated. The quality of Croaker surimi with 6% (w/v) sodium lactate was examined in terms of biochemical parameters of muscle protein, thaw drip, gel strength and calcium ATPase activity :.omparing with those of surimi added with sucrose/sorbitol & without additive as control. Both the cryoprotectants minimized the negative effects of frozen storage on physico-chemical traits of myofibrillar proteins which was evident from the biochemical and sensory parameters. The residual Ca2+ ATPase activity and gel strength of surimi with sodium lactate were higher than those of control throughout 90 days of storage. Ca2+ A TPase activity and gel strength found a high positive correlation. From the results, it was found that sodium lactate was equally effective in preservation of croaker muscle protein native structure during frozen storage as the sucrose/ sorbitol and also less sweet without any risk of maillard browning.

Melanoma cell growth inhibition by beta gamma-CAT, which is a novel non-lens betagamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from frog Bombina maxima skin

In vertebrates, non-lens beta gamma-crystallins are widely expressed in various tissues but their functions are unknown. The molecular mechanisms of trefoil factors, initiators of mucosal healing and being greatly involved in tumorigenesis, have remained

A horsefly saliva antigen 5-like protein containing RTS motif is an angiogenesis inhibitor

The Ag5 proteins are the most abundant and immunogenic proteins in the venom secretory ducts of stinging insects. An antigen 5-like protein (named tabRTS) composed of 221 amino acid residues was purified and characterized from the salivary glands of the horsefly, Tabanus yao (Diptera, Tabanidae). Its cDNA was cloned from the cDNA library of the horsefly's salivary gland. TabRTS containing the SCP domain (Sc7 family of extracellular protein domain) was found in insect antigen 5 proteins. More interestingly, there is an Arg-Thr-Ser (RTS) disintegrin motif at the C-terminus of tabRTS. The RTS motif is positioned in a loop bracketed by cysteine residues as those found in RTS-disintegrins of Crotalidae and Viperidae snake venoms, which act as angiogenesis inhibitors. Endothelial Cell Tube formation assay in vitro and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay in vivo were performed as to investigate the effect of tabRTS on angiogenesis. It was found that tabRTS could significantly inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Anti-alpha(1)beta(1) monoclonal antibody could dose-dependently inhibit the anti-angiogenic activity of tabRTS. This result indicated that tabRTS possibly targets the alpha(1)beta(1) integrin to exert the anti-angiogenic activity as snake venom RTS-/KTS-disintegrins do. The current work revealed the first angiogenesis inhibitor protein containing RTS motif from invertebrates, a possible novel type of RTS-disintegrin. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.