Annual report 2007 - North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES). Sixteenth meeting, Victoria, Canada, October 26-November 5, 2007

Report of Opening Session (p. 1). Report of Governing Council (p. 15). Report of the Finance and Administration Committee (p. 65). Reports of Science Board and Committees: Science Board Inter-Sessional Meeting (p. 83); Science Board (p. 93); Biological Oceanography Committee (p. 105); Fishery Science Committee (p. 117); Marine Environmental Quality Committee (p. 129); Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee (p. 139); Technical Committee on Data Exchange (p. 145); Technical Committee on Monitoring (p. 153). Reports of Sections, Working and Study Groups: Section on Carbon and Climate (p. 161); Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms in the North Pacific (p. 167); Working Group 19 on Ecosystem-based Management Science and its Application to the North Pacific (p. 173); Working Group 20 on Evaluations of Climate Change Projections (p. 179); Working Group 21 on Non-indigenous Aquatic Species (p. 183); Study Group to Develop a Strategy for GOOS (p. 193); Study Group on Ecosystem Status Reporting (p. 203); Study Group on Marine Aquaculture and Ranching in the PICES Region (p. 213); Study Group on Scientific Cooperation between PICES and Non-member Countries (p. 225). Reports of the Climate Change and Carrying Capacity Program: Implementation Panel on the CCCC Program (p. 229); CFAME Task Team (p. 235); MODEL Task Team (p. 241). Reports of Advisory Panels: Advisory Panel for a CREAMS/PICES Program in East Asian Marginal Seas (p. 249); Advisory Panel on Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey in the North Pacific (p. 253); Advisory Panel on Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Subarctic Pacific Ocean (p. 255); Advisory Panel on Marine Birds and Mammals (p. 261); Advisory Panel on Micronekton Sampling Inter-calibration Experiment (p. 265). 2007 Review of PICES Publication Program (p. 269). Guidelines for PICES Temporary Expert Groups (p. 297). Summary of Scientific Sessions and Workshops (p. 313). Report of the ICES/PICES Conference for Early Career Scientists (p. 355). Membership (p. 367). Participants (p. 387). PICES Acronyms (p. 413). Acronyms (p. 415).

1.55-μm VCSEL transmission performance up to 20 Gb/s for access networks

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time 1.55μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) transmission over 6.5 km single mode fiber (SMF) at 20 Gb/s for optical access networks. Characterization of the device is also investigated. © 2009 IEEE.

Wadge Bank trawl fishery studies. Pt. 5. Rational exploitation of the resident demersal stock

The general history of the trawl fishery of the Wadge Bank off Cape Comorin, South India (Fig. 1), the nature and composition of its demersal fish population, and the present state of its fishery has been given by various authors (Malpas 1926, Pearson and Malpas 1926, Sivalingam and Medcof 1957, Medcof 1963, Mendis 1965a, 1965b, Sivalingam 1966a, 1966b, 1969a and 1969b). It has been shown earlier (Sivalingam and Medcof 1957, Sivalingam 1969a) that the Wadge Bank stock is made up of two groups. The resident stock which is present on the fishing grounds throughout the year and the migrant stock that appears on the fishing grounds only during the southwest monsoon months. The object of this paper is to discuss the effect of fishing on the resident stock between 1945 and 1962 and based on the information available; assess the maximum sustained yield of the resident stock. The "Bigfish" of the resident stock is the mainstay of the Wadge Bank trawl fishery (Sivalingam 1969a) and it will be shown that this stock has been overexploited from 1953 to 1957. The first sign of recovery was evident in 1960 and continued till 1962. The data since 1962 are not available to the author for analysis. It has been reported by Mendis (1965b) that considerable expansion of the trawler fleet was anticipated in 1966, and if so, the history of the fishery from 1953 to 1957 may be repeated. The assessment presented in this paper should form a rational basis for management programs.

2,4-二取代氨基-6-取代-[1,3,5]三嗪或1,3-嘧啶类化合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途

一种新型的2，4-二取代氨基-6-取代-[1，3，5]三嗪或1，3-嘧啶衍生物及其制备方法、药物组合物和其药理用途，其结构通式如式(I)所示，其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、A、B、X、Y和Z的定义如说明书中所述。该类化合物与HIV-1整合酶具有很高结合活性，并且在底物竞争测试中能够有效的抑制整合酶对底物的结合。因此该类化合物是较强的HIV-1整合酶抑制剂，有望开发成为新的抗HIV病毒药物。

Anti HIV-1 agents 5: Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of some N-arylsulfonyl-3-acetylindoles in vitro

In continuation of our program aimed at the discovery and development of compounds with superior anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity, 21N-arylsulfonyl-3-acetylindole analogs (2a-u) were synthesized and preliminarily evaluated as HIV-1 inhibitors in vitro. Among of all the analogs, several compounds exhibited significant anti-HIV-1 activity, especially N-phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole (2j) and N-(p-ethyl)phenylsulfonyl-3-acetyl-6-methylindole (2n) showed the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity with EC50 values of 0.36 and 0.13 mu g/mL, and TI values of >555.55 and 791.85, respectively. It demonstrated that introduction of the acetyl group at the 3-position of N-arylsulfonyl-6-methylindoles could generally lead to the more potent analogs. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand without sample dilution or bacterial and nutrient enhancement

A direct method for measuring the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BODS) of aquaculture samples that does not require sample dilution or bacterial and nutrient enrichment was evaluated. The regression coefficient (R-2) between the direct method and the standard method for the analyses of 32 samples from catfish ponds was 0.996. The slope of the regression line did not differ from 1.0 or the Y-intercept from 0.0 at P = 0.05. Thus, there was almost perfect agreement between the two methods. The control limits (three standard deviations of the mean) for a standard solution containing 15 mg/L each of glutamic acid and glucose were 17.4 and 20.4 mg/L. The precision of the two methods, based on eight replicate analyses of four pond water samples did not differ at P = 0.05. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

High temperature operation of 5.5 mu m strain-compensated quantum cascaded lasers

We develop 5.5-mu m InxGa1-xAs/InyAl1-yAs strain-compensated quantum cascade lasers with InP and InGaAs cladding layers by using solid-source molecular-beam epitaxy. Pulse operation has been achieved up to 323 K (50 degrees C) for uncoated 20-mu m-wide and 2-mm-long devices. These devices display an output power of 36 mW with a duty cycle of 1% at room temperature. In continuous wave operation a record peak optical power of 10 mW per facet has been measured at 83 K.

1.3 mu m high indium content (42.5%) GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy

High structural and optical quality 1.3 mu m GaInNAs/GaAs quantum well (QW) samples with 42.5% indium content were successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The growth of well layers was monitored by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity of the GaIn0.425NAs/GaAs (6 nm / 20 nm) 3QW is higher than, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) is comparable to, that of In0.425GaAs/GaAs 3QW, indicating improved optical quality due to strain compensation effects by introducing N to the high indium content InGaAs epilayer. The measured (004) X-ray rocking curve shows clear satellite peaks and Pendellosung fringes, suggesting high film uniformity and smooth interfaces. The cross sectional TEM measurements further reveal that there are no structural defects in such high indium content QWs. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A 20.1 W Solid-State Laser Pumped by 887 nm with High Efficiency and TEM00 Mode

High efficiency, TEM00 mode, high repetition rate laser pumped by 887 nm is reported. 20.1 W output laser emitting at 1064 nm is achieved in a 0.3 at % Nd-doped Nd:YVO4, which absorbs pumping light of 30.7 W at 887 nm. The opto-optic efficiency and the slope efficiency are 65.5 and 88.5%, respectively. The stable Q-switching operation worked well at 100 kHz and the beam quality is near diffraction-limit with M-2 factor measured as M-2 approximate to 1.2. And the pulse waveform is analyzed in this paper.

Design and Operation of A 5.5 MWe Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Demonstration Plant

The design and operation of a 5.5 MWe biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) demonstration plant, which is located in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province of China, are introduced. It is the largest complete biomass gasification power plant that uses rice husk and other agricultural wastes as fuel in Asia. It mainly consists of a 20 MWt atmospheric circulating fluidized-bed gasifier, a gas-purifying system, 10 sets of 450 kW(e) gas engines, a waste heat boiler, a 1.5 MWe steam turbine, a wastewater treatment system, etc. The demonstration plant has been operating since the end of 2005, and its overall efficiency reaches 26-28%. Its capital cost is less than 1200 USD/kW, and its running cost is about 0.079 USD/kWh based on the biomass price of 35.7 USD/ton. There is a 20% increment on capital cost and 35% decrease on the fuel consumption compared to that of a 1 MW system without a combined cycle. Because only part of the project has been performed, many of the tests still remain and, accordingly, must be reported at a later opportunity.

1,5-二氮杂戊二烯合成非对称联吡啶研究

联吡陡及其衍生物不仅用于化工和药物合成的中间体，而且具有独特的赘合作用，可被用于金属催化剂配体等方面，因此它的合成方法研究引起了人们广泛的兴趣。但是非对称联吡陡的合成日前方法仍很少。本文利用己经被成功使用于其他含氮杂环的二碳合成子-1，5-二氮杂戊二烯（vinamidiniulnsalts），合成了单取代的2，2'-，2，3'-，2，4，一二类联吡陡。在合成1，5-二氮杂戊二烯的过程中：确立了一条以四甲氧基丙烷为原料一步合成l，5一二氮杂戊二烯的简捷，经济，易工业化的合成路线，并成功进行了公斤级的放大实验；优化了1，5-二氮杂戊二烯的亲电取代反应，高收率的获得溟代，硝化的1，5-二氮杂戊二烯；优化了从取代乙酸合成p取代1，5-二氮杂戊二烯的合成方法，高收率的获得九种p芳基取代1，5-二氮杂戊二烯。本文研究了非对称联吡睫合成的一种新方法：在碱性条件下，取代的1，5-二氮杂戊二烯盐各种乙酞基吡陡亲核加成的产物，不经分离直接和氨进行［3＋2＋1〕的成环反应，可以高收率的合成出单取代的2，2气，2，3气，2，4气三类联吡陡。这一方法己经被成功的应用于芳基取代，卤素取代，硝基取代以及无取代基的1，5-二氮杂戊二烯与三种乙酞基吡陡的反应。这种成环反应的收率与1，5-二氮杂戊二烯俘位的吸电子特征相关。因此，针对不同取代基的1，5-二氮杂戊二烯在溶剂，碱的选择以及反应温度的控制等方面进行了优化。从而成功合成出近30种单取代的非对称联吡陡。一这种合成方法，原料价格低廉，实验操作简单，而且收率高，非常适合大量合成的要求。

(1) Barnase、Barstar基因和TA29基因5'区调控顺序的PCR扩增、克隆和测序（2）水稻花粉核蛋白因子与TA29基因5'区调控顺序的相互作用

本文运用PCR技术，分别从烟草和B. amyloliquefaciens的基因组DNA中扩增出了TA29基因5'区调控顺序、Barnase和Barstar基因，克隆后进行序列分析，表明其核苷酸顺序与文献报道的一致，然后进行了初步的融合基因的构建。另外，凝胶滞后实验表明，水稻花粉（含绒毡层组织）细胞核中某种蛋白因子能够与TA29基因5'区调控顺序发生特异的结合。本文还对TA29基因5'区调控顺序及Barnase和Barstar基因的潜在应用价值和存在的问题进行了讨论。

Room Temperature Operation of Strain-Compensated 5.5μm Quantum Cascade Lasers

Room temperature operation is an important criterion for high performance of quantum cascade lasers. A strain-compensated quantum cascade laser（λ≈5.5μm） with optimized waveguide structure lasing at room temperature is reported. Accurate control of layer thickness and strain-compensated material composition is demonstrated using X-ray diffraction. An output power of at least 45mW per facet is realized for a 20μm-wide and 2mm-long laser at room temperature.

3,5-二甲基吡唑的硝化抑制效果

本文采用室内培养、盆栽和田间试验相结合的方法，对3,5-二甲基吡唑的硝化抑制效果进行了初步探讨。结果表明，3,5-二甲基吡唑（DMP）的施用可以显著抑制土壤硝化作用的进行，其抑制效果受其本身用量及氮素用量的影响显著。但在常规氮施用量下，占纯氮量1.0%的DMP即可以起到显著的硝化抑制效果。在等N量和等抑制剂用量下，DMP的抑制效果显著优于双氰胺，而与3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐效果相当。 对与氮转化有关的土壤酶活性影响结果表明，DMP只在施用后1～2天内对土壤脲酶活性具有短暂的抑制作用，但可较长时间显著抑制土壤硝酸还原酶活性，提高土壤亚硝酸还原酶活性。由于DMP的施用对土壤或肥料氮转化的有效调控，促进了作物对氮素的吸收累积，在生育期较长的水稻上效果更加显著。与对照相比，氮肥表观利用率提高了12.51%，水稻籽粒粗蛋白含量提高了6.24%。同时由于DMP的施用使土壤硝氮累积量显著降低，因此，土壤酸化程度及硝酸盐向土体下层的淋移趋势明显减缓。 对DMP施用后土壤微生物群落动态及微生物活性的研究结果表明，适量DMP的施用不会对表征土壤环境质量变化的土壤生物化学特性产生负面影响，而是通过专性抑制土壤氨氧化菌群落的增殖来实现其硝化抑制作用的，且对参与土壤氮素转化的亚硝酸氧化细菌和反硝化细菌影响很小。因此，DMP将是未来一种具有一定发展前景的土壤硝化作用的专一性抑制剂。