Creation and merging of ontology top-levels

We provide a new method for systematically structuring the top-down level of ontologies. It is based on an interactive, top-down knowledge acquisition process, which assures that the knowledge engineer considers all possible cases while avoiding redundant acquisition. The method is suited especially for creating/merging the top part(s) of the ontologies, where high accuracy is required, and for supporting the merging of two (or more) ontologies on that level.

Influence of education levels on dissemination of soil fertility management information in the central highlands of Kenya

Inadequate links between researchers and farmers has resulted in low uptake of research advances recommended to improve food security in the central highlands of Kenya. Access to timely and accurate information by extension agents and farmers is paramount in dissemination of soil fertility management practices. Hence, the study sought to investigate the effect of education levels on communication channels used to disseminate soil fertility technologies in the Central highlands of Kenya. Questionnaires were used to elicit information from 105 extension agents and 240 farmers. About 50.5% of the extension officers were certificate holders while 29.5% were diploma holders from agricultural institutes. Majority of the farmers had attained primary education (59.6%) while 25.8% and 9.2% had attained secondary and post secondary education, respectively. Research institutions were the most accessible sources of information on soil fertility management practices by extension agents while internet and scientific conferences were the least scored as accessible sources of soil fertility management information by extension agents. Education levels significantly influenced preference of individual approach methods by farmers. There was a significant positive relationship between education and accessibility of internet as a source of information on green manure. The implication of the study was that education levels influenced the mode of communication used in the transfer of soil fertility research outputs to the end users. Consequently, it is extremely important to consider education levels in selection of dissemination pathways used in agriculture.

Bud development, flowering and fruit set of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Horseradish Tree) as affected by various irrigation levels

Moringa oleifera is becoming increasingly popular as an industrial crop due to its multitude of useful attributes as water purifier, nutritional supplement and biofuel feedstock. Given its tolerance to sub-optimal growing conditions, most of the current and anticipated cultivation areas are in medium to low rainfall areas. This study aimed to assess the effect of various irrigation levels on floral initiation, flowering and fruit set. Three treatments namely, a 900 mm (900IT), 600 mm (600IT) and 300 mm (300IT) per annum irrigation treatment were administered through drip irrigation, simulating three total annual rainfall amounts. Individual inflorescences from each treatment were tagged during floral initiation and monitored throughout until fruit set. Flower bud initiation was highest at the 300IT and lowest at the 900IT for two consecutive growing seasons. Fruit set on the other hand, decreased with the decrease in irrigation treatment. Floral abortion, reduced pollen viability as well as moisture stress in the style were contributing factors to the reduction in fruiting/yield observed at the 300IT. Moderate water stress prior to floral initiation could stimulate flower initiation, however, this should be followed by sufficient irrigation to ensure good pollination, fruit set and yield.

Loss of Anticodon Wobble Uridine Modifications Affects tRNALys Function and Protein Levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In eukaryotes, wobble uridines in the anticodons of tRNALysUUU, tRNAGluUUC and tRNAGlnUUG are modified to 5-methoxy-carbonyl-methyl-2-thio-uridine (mcm5s2U). While mutations in subunits of the Elongator complex (Elp1-Elp6), which disable mcm5 side chain formation, or removal of components of the thiolation pathway (Ncs2/Ncs6, Urm1, Uba4) are individually tolerated, the combination of both modification defects has been reported to have lethal effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Contrary to such absolute requirement of mcm5s2U for viability, we demonstrate here that in the S. cerevisiae S288C-derived background, both pathways can be simultaneously inactivated, resulting in combined loss of tRNA anticodon modifications (mcm5U and s2U) without a lethal effect. However, an elp3 disruption strain displays synthetic sick interaction and synergistic temperature sensitivity when combined with either uba4 or urm1 mutations, suggesting major translational defects in the absence of mcm5s2U modifications. Consistent with this notion, we find cellular protein levels drastically decreased in an elp3uba4 double mutant and show that this effect as well as growth phenotypes can be partially rescued by excess of tRNALysUUU. These results may indicate a global translational or protein homeostasis defect in cells simultaneously lacking mcm5 and s2 wobble uridine modification that could account for growth impairment and mainly originates from tRNALysUUU hypomodification and malfunction.

Associations between parental educational-occupational levels and cognitive performance in Spanish adolescents : The AVENA study

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Using Turning Point to create zapper questions that assess confidence levels in the answers given

This 5-minute video describes how you can assess how confident your students were with their answer choices so you can adapt your teaching appropriately.

Study skill levels podcast

A short podcast for students decribing academic writing levels.

Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of salivary cortisol levels in public speaking. 'Extraversión y neuroticismo como predictores de los niveles de cortisol salivar al hablar en público'.

Resumen basado en la publicación

Drama : english key stage two : Scottish levels C-E.

Se valora el papel que desempeña el teatro en el nivel educativo de primaria, no sólo como una forma de arte por derecho propio,sino también como una disciplina aprovechada como medio de aprendizaje de otras áreas del curriculo (lengua, desarrollo personal y social). Este libro del profesor se divide en varias secciones y se acompaña de actividades para los alumnos y actividades de evaluación y de hojas de trabajo fotocopiables.

Materials and their properties : science key stage two : Scottish levels C-E.

Se propone a los niños del nivel educativo de primaria, la realización de actividades prácticas para que exploren e investiguen las propiedades, la composición y los cambios que sufren los distintos tipos de materiales que se les ofrecen (metal, papel, plástico,etc). También se les anima a que, siguiendo los pasos de una investigación científica, realicen experimentos con ellos. Se acompaña el libro de hojas fotocopiables y actividades de evaluación para el profesor.

Science : key stage one : Scottish levels A-B.

Con las actividades que se les proponen, los niños más pequeños desarrollan habilidades para observar, explorar y experimentar las propiedades de los distintos tipos de materiales que se les ofrecen, así como para los procesos físicos a los que éstos son sometidos.También despierta el sentido de la curiosidad por el mundo que les rodea y por la investigación científica. El libro se completa con actividades de evaluación para el profesor y hojas de trabajo fotocopiables.

KS3 success science : levels 4-7.

Facilita, con un nuevo enfoque de la revisión, aprender y recordar los principales hechos y conocimientos estudiados. Tambien incorpora consejos prácticos para hacer más fáciles estas revisiones y preparar adecuadamente los exámenes.

Key Three Mathematics : the revision guide, levels 5-8.

Guía de revisión para la etapa clave tres (Key Stage 3) de matemáticas. Abarca el plan de estudios para estudiantes de once a catorce años (niveles 5-8). Contiene explicaciones detalladas de diferentes temas y términos técnicos. También incluye diagramas, así como un resumen de preguntas para poner a prueba lo que los niños han aprendido en cada sección.