1000 resultados para psicologia educacional


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

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Este volume reúne artigos de autoria de professores e alunos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento da Unesp e tem como objetivo compartilhar, com especialistas e estudiosos de Psicologia e ciências humanas, os resultados de pesquisas feitas em 2009 e 2010 para a produção de dissertações de mestrado. Os artigos estão reunidos em torno de dois eixos principais. O primeiro apresenta como tema aglutinador Psicologia do desenvolvimento humano e aprendizagem. Nessa primeira parte do livro, os autores focam suas análises na aprendizagem e sua relação com a linguagem e a atuação docente. Na segunda parte, Desenvolvimento humano e diferentes fatores no transcurso do ciclo vital, os temas dos artigos giram em torno das vivências humanas, da infância à velhice. São tratadas questões como estresse infantil, estresse na gestação e no puerpério e reflexões de adolescentes, adultos e idosos sobre a morte. Organizado pelas professoras Tânia Gracy Martins do Valle e Ana Cláudia Bortolozzi Maia, este livro é uma interessante fonte de informações sobre as mais recentes pesquisas da área de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento.

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In this work present and discuss the specificities of the psychological care in Psychological Guidance to School Complaints (OQE) with adolescents, proposing theoretical and practical reflections resulted of intervention experiences in clinical practice. For this purpose we expose a conception of adolescence in which it is based and analyze the public schools' environment. We ponder on public policies of education for this population and the functioning of the school system that may be leading to difficulties in the education process. Further we present the specificities of the psychological care in OQE with adolescents: the educational incompetence stigma, the speech's and other language's role, the adolescent's authorship in the care process, life project's role, and specificities of an intervention in the school. Finally, we emphasize that this theme of educational difficulties faced by adolescents deserves further serious study and research in Educational and School Psychology. This may help to uncover the vicissitudes of this area and to improve the intervention proposals to that.

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In separating the phenomena of their social, human, and ecological contexts, and by not taking into account intentional and valorative categories, natural-scientific methodologies impede the comprehension of some human activities which include values, chiefly ethical and political. In this context, scientism is the dogmatic and non-thematized acceptance of natural-scientific methods. From this point on, in the context of psychology, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate how scientism can function as an epistemological and methodological obstacle to an ethical and political understanding of psychology. Thus, at first, through reflections based on problems encountered in the literature on the subject, scientism's dogmas and some counterpoints are presented; some of its consequences are addressed, by taking up two examples from current literature - the labeling and the racial interpretations, and, finally, a program of research which deals with these problems is presented as an alternative: critical psychology.

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This paper analyzes the Psychology of Play developed by D. Elkonin and his followers through examining the central theses of the cultural-historical theory. The goal is to identify elements that can support the organization of early childhood education practices. The cultural-historical theses represent a solid theory about children's play, featuring an original contribution to understand the historical emergence of play and its social nature in ontogeny. Based on Cultural-historical theory of play, we conclude that early childhood education which considers play as the leading activity must relate to the experience of various spheres of social life and the content of human activities. It is understood that the goal of educational intervention in children play is the development of the social role represented in the game. It is argued that play should neither oppose nor prevail over other activities.

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Historicamente, as escolas assumiram como missão o disciplinamento de crianças e jovens, supostamente com o objetivo de adequá-los ao convívio e às normas sociais. Um dos instrumentos criados para exercer este ofício são os chamados Livros de Ocorrências, existentes nas escolas desde a década de 1920. Neste contexto, buscamos compreender como esses livros têm sido utilizados nas escolas atualmente, como esta utilização tem sido interpretada pelos professores e quais os sentidos dos registros. Em nossa análise apontamos que os registros têm pouca efetividade em termos de favorecimento à aprendizagem do aluno, mas que exercem uma função de disciplinamento e normalização. Pôde-se também apontar, com base na análise de entrevistas com os professores, nas quais utilizamos a técnica de grupo focal, que os registros tendem a ganhar um novo significado, de proteção da escola e dos professores, ainda que esta proteção possa ser compreendida mais como simbólica do que propriamente efetiva.

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The curricula study allows the verification of trends, concepts and the identification of teaching practices, enabling the planning and implementation of changes when necessary. The material presented here is part of the results obtained in a postgraduate research that deals with the training of psychologists to work with people with disabilities, which appealed to the document analysis. To accomplish this task it was used a methodological procedure named searching through radical, which allowed greater agility to the search, enabling the quick identification of the courses containing topics of interest for research, facilitating their selection to study. The use of document analysis as a methodology allowed both the collection and organization of information that were diffused, providing them new configuration as source of information, as the processing and interpretation of the raw data, giving them direction and adding them value. In 36 courses, 35 had at least one subject related to persons with disabilities, and the sum of these resulted in 85 subjects for analysis. The interpretation of data obtained through reading the menus brought information about prevalent intentions on the menus of the subjects, to research in the area, teaching procedures, techniques and possibilities of action and insertion of psychologists in different contexts in which they can deal with disability. In a positive perspective, the results showed that there seems to be a tendency to enhance the interface of psychology with other knowledge areas to understand the issues related to disability.

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Discussing skill issues is dealing with what is most recent and usual in the field of education. Skill teaching has already entered the classroom, influenced teachers's vocabulary and has been a fixture in the educational projects and curriculum proposals. But in what aspect is pedagogy focused on skills different from other pedagogical theories to become so fundamental to schooling? Why do governments increasingly adopt skill teaching as a strategy and as goals of state education? Somehow we will treat these questions by looking at the concrete fundamentals of Skill Pedagogy Skill, its philosophical, political and economic bases to enable its incorporation into contemporary school practice.

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Educational practices, behavior problems and children's social skills have been more studied in family context than in school context. This study aimed to compare, from the verbal report, educational practices of regular and special teacher in relation to children's behavior, concerning groups differentiated by reference indication of behavior problems in the classroom by the teacher and sex of the children. This study surveyed fifteen teachers and twenty-eight students (6-9 years), who were grouped in regular teaching (n = 18, kindergarten, elementary) and especial teaching (n = 10). The assessment with teachers was proceeded by using a questionnaire (Q-RSH-Pr) and a semi-structured interview (RE-HSE-Pr). We observed that there is a significant difference: boys as well as children with behavior problems presented more difficulties than others. Their teachers revealed that they use more negative

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)