La costruzione razionale della casa. Scritti e progetti di Giuseppe Pagano

The rational construction of the house. The writings and projects of Giuseppe Pagano Description, themes and research objectives The research aims at analysing the architecture of Giuseppe Pagano, which focuses on the theme of dwelling, through the reading of 3 of his house projects. On the one hand, these projects represent “minor” works not thoroughly known by Pagano’s contemporary critics; on the other they emphasise a particular methodological approach, which serves the author to explore a theme closely linked to his theoretical thought. The house project is a key to Pagano’s research, given its ties to the socio-cultural and political conditions in which the architect was working, so that it becomes a mirror of one of his specific and theoretical path, always in a state of becoming. Pagano understands architecture as a “servant of the human being”, subject to a “utilitarian slavery” since it is a clear, essential and “modest” answer to specific human needs, free from aprioristic aesthetic and formal choices. It is a rational architecture in sensu stricto; it constitutes a perfect synthesis between cause and effect and between function and form. The house needs to accommodate these principles because it is closely intertwined with human needs and intimately linked to a specific place, climatic conditions and technical and economical possibilities. Besides, differently from his public and common masterpieces such as the Palazzo Gualino, the Istituto di Fisica and the Università Commerciale Bocconi, the house projects are representative of a precise project will, which is expressed in a more authentic way, partially freed from political influences and dogmatic preoccupations and, therefore, far from the attempt to research a specific expressive language. I believe that the house project better represents that “ingenuity”, freshness and “sincerity” that Pagano identifies with the minor architecture, thereby revealing a more authentic expression of his understanding of a project. Therefore, the thesis, by tracing the theoretical research of Pagano through the analysis of some of his designed and built works, attempts to identify a specific methodological approach to Pagano’s project, which, developed through time, achieves a certain clarity in the 1930s. In fact, this methodological approach becomes more evident in his last projects, mainly regarding the house and the urban space. These reflect the attempt to respond to the new social needs and, at the same time, they also are an expression of a freer idea of built architecture, closely linked with the place and with the human being who dwells it. The three chosen projects (Villa Colli, La Casa a struttura d’acciaio and Villa Caraccio) make Pagano facing different places, different customers and different economic and technical conditions, which, given the author’s biography, correspond to important historical and political conditions. This is the reason why the projects become apparently distant works, both linguistically and conceptually, to the point that one can define them as ”eclectic”. However, I argue that this eclecticism is actually an added value to the architectural work of Pagano, steaming from the use of a method which, having as a basis the postulate of a rational architecture as essence and logic of building, finds specific variations depending on the multiple variables to be addressed by the project. This is the methodological heritage that Pagano learns from the tradition, especially that of the rural residential architecture, defined by Pagano as a “dictionary of the building logic of man”, as an “a-stylistic background”. For Pagano this traditional architecture is a clear expression of the relationships between a theme and its development, an architectural “fact” that is resolved with purely technical and utilitarian aims and with a spontaneous development far from any aprioristic theoretical principle. Architecture, therefore, cannot be an invention for Pagano and the personal contribution of each architect has to consider his/her close relationship with the specific historical context, place and new building methods. These are basic principles in the methodological approach that drives a great deal of his research and that also permits his thought to be modern. I argue that both ongoing and new collaborations with younger protagonists of the culture and architecture of the period are significant for the development of his methodology. These encounters represent the will to spread his own understanding of the “new architecture” as well as a way of self-renewal by confronting the self with new themes and realities and by learning from his collaborators. Thesis’ outline The thesis is divided in two principal parts, each articulated in four chapters attempting to offer a new reading of the theory and work of Pagano by emphasising the central themes of the research. The first chapter is an introduction to the thesis and to the theme of the rational house, as understood and developed in its typological and technical aspects by Pagano and by other protagonists of the Italian rationalism of the 1930s. Here the attention is on two different aspects defining, according to Pagano, the house project: on the one hand, the typological renewal, aimed at defining a “standard form” as a clear and essential answer to certain needs and variables of the project leading to different formal expressions. On the other, it focuses on the building, understood as a technique to “produce” architecture, where new technologies and new materials are not merely tools but also essential elements of the architectural work. In this way the villa becomes different from the theme of the common house or from that of the minimalist house, by using rules in the choice of material and in the techniques that are every time different depending on the theme under exploration and on the contingency of place. It is also visible the rigorous rationalism that distinguishes the author's appropriation of certain themes of rural architecture. The pages of “Casabella” and the events of the contemporary Triennali form the preliminary material for the writing of this chapter given that they are primary sources to individuate projects and writings produced by Pagano and contemporary architects on this theme. These writings and projects, when compared, reconstruct the evolution of the idea of the rational house and, specifically, of the personal research of Pagano. The second part regards the reading of three of Pagano’s projects of houses as a built verification of his theories. This section constitutes the central part of the thesis since it is aimed at detecting a specific methodological approach showing a theoretical and ideological evolution expressed in the vast edited literature. The three projects that have been chosen explore the theme of the house, looking at various research themes that the author proposes and that find continuity in the affirmation of a specific rationalism, focussed on concepts such as essentiality, utility, functionality and building honesty. These concepts guide the thought and the activities of Pagano, also reflecting a social and cultural period. The projects span from the theme of the villa moderna, Villa Colli, which, inspired by the architecture of North Europe, anticipates a specific rationalism of Pagano based on rigour, simplicity and essentiality, to the theme of the common house, Casa a struttura d’acciaio, la casa del domani, which ponders on the definition of new living spaces and, moreover, on new concepts of standardisation, economical efficiency and new materials responding to the changing needs of the modern society. Finally, the third project returns to the theme of the, Villa Caraccio, revisiting it with new perspectives. These perspectives find in the solution of the open plant, in the openness to nature and landscape and in the revisiting of materials and local building systems that idea of the freed house, which express clearly a new theoretical thought. Methodology It needs to be noted that due to the lack of an official Archive of Pagano’s work, the analysis of his work has been difficult and this explains the necessity to read the articles and the drawings published in the pages of «Casabella» and «Domus». As for the projects of Villa Colli and Casa a struttura d’acciaio, parts of the original drawings have been consulted. These drawings are not published and are kept in private archives of the collaborators of Pagano. The consultation of these documents has permitted the analysis of the cited works, which have been subject to a more complete reading following the different proposed solutions, which have permitted to understand the project path. The projects are analysed thought the method of comparison and critical reading which, specifically, means graphical elaborations and analytical schemes, mostly reconstructed on the basis of original projects but, where possible, also on a photographic investigation. The focus is on the project theme which, beginning with a specific living (dwelling) typology, finds variations because of the historico-political context in which Pagano is embedded and which partially shapes his research and theoretical thought, then translated in the built work. The analysis of the work follows, beginning, where possible, from a reconstruction of the evolution of the project as elaborated on the basis of the original documents and ending on an analysis of the constructive principles and composition. This second phase employs a methodology proposed by Pagano in his article Piante di ville, which, as expected, focuses on the plant as essential tool to identify the “true practical and poetic qualities of the construction”(Pagano, «Costruzioni-Casabella», 1940, p. 2). The reading of the project is integrated with the constructive analyses related to the technical aspects of the house which, in the case of Casa a struttura d’acciaio, play an important role in the project, while in Villa Colli and in Villa Caraccio are principally linked to the choice of materials for the construction of the different architectural elements. These are nonetheless key factors in the composition of the work. Future work could extend this reading to other house projects to deepen the research that could be completed with the consultation of Archival materials, which are missing at present. Finally, in the appendix I present a critical selection of the Pagano’s writings, which recall the themes discussed and embodied by the three projects. The texts have been selected among the articles published in Casabella and in other journals, completing the reading of the project work which cannot be detached from his theoretical thought. Moving from theory to project, we follow a path that brings us to define and deepen the central theme of the thesis: rational building as the principal feature of the architectural research of Pagano, which is paraphrased in multiple ways in his designed and built works.

Laboratory study of grouted macadams impregnated with mine waste geopolymeric binder

A new type of pavement has been gaining popularity over the last few years in Europe. It comprises a surface course with a semi-flexible material that provides significant advantages in comparison to both concrete and conventional asphalt, having both rut resistance and a degree of flexibility. It also provides good protection against the ingress of water to the foundation, since it has an impermeable surface. The semi-flexible material, generally known as grouted macadam, comprises an open-graded asphalt skeleton with 25% to 35% voids into which a cementitious slurry is grouted. This hybrid mixture provides good rut resistance and a surface highly resistant to fuel and oil spillage. Such properties allow it to be used in industrial areas, airports and harbours, where those situations are frequently associated with heavy and slow traffic. Grouted Macadams constitute a poorly understood branch of pavement technology and have generally been relegated to a role in certain specialist pavements whose performance is predicted on purely empirical evidence. Therefore, the main objectives of this project were related to better understanding the properties of this type of material, in order to predict its performance more realistically and to design pavements incorporating grouted macadam more accurately. Based on a standard mix design, several variables were studied during this project in order to characterise the behaviour of Grouted Macadams in general, and the influence of those variables on the fundamental properties of the final mixture. In this research project, one approach was used to the design of pavements incorporating Grouted Macadams: a traditional design method, based on laboratory determined of the stiffness modulus and the compressive strength.

The release of zinc and lead from mine tailings

Mining and processing of metal ores are important causes of soil and groundwater contamination in many regions worldwide. Metal contaminations are a serious risk for the environment and human health. The assessment of metal contaminations in the soil is therefore an important task. A common approach to assess the environmental risk emanating from inorganic contaminations to soil and groundwater is the use of batch or column leaching tests. In this regard, the suitability of leaching tests is a controversial issue. In the first part of this work the applicability and comparability of common leaching tests in the scope of groundwater risk assessment of inorganic contamination is reviewed and critically discussed. Soil water sampling methods (the suction cup method and centrifugation) are addressed as an alternative to leaching tests. Reasons for limitations of the comparability of leaching test results are exposed and recommendations are given for the expedient application of leaching tests for groundwater risk assessment. Leaching tests are usually carried out in open contact with the atmosphere disregarding possible changes of redox conditions. This can affect the original metal speciation and distribution, particularly when anoxic samples are investigated. The influence of sample storage on leaching test results of sulfide bearing anoxic material from a former flotation dump is investigated in a long-term study. Since the oxidation of the sulfide-bearing samples leads to a significant overestimation of metal release, a feasible modification for the conduction of common leaching tests for anoxic material is proposed, where oxidation is prevented efficiently. A comparison of leaching test results to soil water analyzes have shown that the modified saturation soil extraction (SSE) is found to be the only of the tested leaching procedures, which can be recommended for the assessment of current soil water concentrations at anoxic sites if direct investigation of the soil water is impossible due to technical reasons. The vertical distribution and speciation of Zn and Pb in the flotation residues as well as metal concentrations in soil water and plants were investigated to evaluate the environmental risk arising from this site due to the release of metals. The variations in pH and inorganic C content show an acidification of the topsoil with pH values down to 5.5 in the soil and a soil water pH of 6 in 1 m depth. This is due to the oxidation of sulfides and depletion in carbonates. In the anoxic subsoil pH conditions are still neutral and soil water collected with suction cups is in equilibrium with carbonate minerals. Results from extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy confirm that Zn is mainly bound in sphalerite in the subsoil and weathering reactions lead to a redistribution of Zn in the topsoil. A loss of 35% Zn and S from the topsoil compared to the parent material with 10 g/kg Zn has been observed. 13% of total Zn in the topsoil can be regarded as mobile or easily mobilizable according to sequential chemical extractions (SCE). Zn concentrations of 10 mg/L were found in the soil water, where pH is acidic. Electron supply and the buffer capacity of the soil were identified as main factors controlling Zn mobility and release to the groundwater. Variable Pb concentrations up to 30 µg/L were observed in the soil water. In contrast to Zn, Pb is enriched in the mobile fraction of the oxidized topsoil by a factor of 2 compared to the subsoil with 2 g/kg Pb. 80% of the cation exchange capacity in the topsoil is occupied by Pb. Therefore, plant uptake and bioavailability are of major concern. If the site is not prevented from proceeding acidification in the future, a significant release of Zn, S, and Pb to the groundwater has to be expected. Results from this study show that the assessment of metal release especially from sulfide bearing anoxic material requires an extensive comprehension of leaching mechanisms on the one hand and on weathering processes, which influence the speciation and the mobility of metals, on the other hand. Processes, which may change redox and pH conditions in the future, have to be addressed to enable sound decisions for soil and groundwater protection and remediation.

La salute detenuta: tra diritto e sicurezza”. Un’ indagine nella Casa Circondariale di Rimini.

The survey approachs the issue of health and the problem of its effective protection in a context of deprivation of liberty and coercion, which is the prison. The theoretical reflection born from the reform of the Legislative Decree 230/99 which marked the transition from an employee by the Prison Health within prison a fully integrated in the National Health Service. The comparison between an institution of health promotion and institution of punishment which may operate on the same subject held produces multiple attrits, making their relationship problematic. The work shows the daily difficulties in the management of prison health within the institution, physician-patient between different health care roles, and between the latter and prison workers. The coexistence, in fact, is not always harmonious though quite often it is common sense and the willingness of operators to reduce barriers: overcrowding, limited resources and insufficient staff make the application of the rule and therefore the right to goal a difficult to be pursued. It is designed for a scheme of semi-structured interview essay is divided into 3 sections covering: "staff and its functions", "health reform" and "health of the prisoner"; questions were directed to doctors, nurses and psychologists engaged inside the prison of Rimini with the specific aim of examining the ambivalent relationship between the demand for health care in prisons and the need for security and a clear - albeit partial - point of view. We tried to reconstruct the situation of prison health care through the perception of prison operators, capturing the problematic issues that deal on both issues is instrumental to the experience of persons detained by analyzing, in terms of operators , what happens inside of a prison institution in everyday health care.

La Casa del Dopolavoro di Imola. Ipotesi di interventi per un ripristino funzionale.

Questa tesi di laurea vuole fornire delle ipotesi per un possibile riutilizzo della casa del Dopolavoro nella città di Imola. Di questo edificio, dismesso ormai da anni, verrà fatta un'analisi storica attraverso i documenti di archivio, riviste dell'epoca e disegni originali, e verranno avanzate ipotesi progettuali sulla base di disegni storici e rilievi attuali. Per meglio render comprensibili gli interventi previsti da questa tesi di laurea, il progetto prevede la suddivisione degli spazi in quattro macrozone principali, ognuna delle quali viene affrontata singolarmente. Di ogni macrozona viene fatto un confronto tra stato di fatto e progetto, identificandone i fattori più rilevanti e spiegando le motivazioni che hanno portato ad eventuali interventi di ripristino od alla nuova destinazione d'uso, così da poterne meglio identificarne la posizione nella struttura dell'edificio nella visione complessiva.

Effects of Resources Exploitation on Water Quality: case studies in Salt Water Intrusion and Acid Mine Drainage

Throughout the world, pressures on water resources are increasing, mainly as a result of human activity. Because of their accessibility, groundwater and surface water are the most used reservoirs. The evaluation of the water quality requires the identification of the interconnections among the water reservoirs, natural landscape features, human activities and aquatic health. This study focuses on the estimation of the water pollution linked to two different environmental issues: salt water intrusion and acid mine drainage related to the exploitation of natural resources. Effects of salt water intrusion occurring in the shallow aquifer north of Ravenna (Italy) was analysed through the study of ion- exchange occurring in the area and its variance throughout the year, applying a depth-specific sampling method. In the study area were identified ion exchange, calcite and dolomite precipitation, and gypsum dissolution and sulphate reduction as the main processes controlling the groundwater composition. High concentrations of arsenic detected only at specific depth indicate its connexion with the organic matter. Acid mine drainage effects related to the tin extraction in the Bolivian Altiplano was studied, on water and sediment matrix. Water contamination results strictly dependent on the seasonal variation, on pH and redox conditions. During the dry season the strong evaporation and scarce water flow lead to low pH values, high concentrations of heavy metals in surface waters and precipitation of secondary minerals along the river, which could be released in oxidizing conditions as demonstrated through the sequential extraction analysis. The increase of the water flow during the wet season lead to an increase of pH values and a decrease in heavy metal concentrations, due to dilution effect and, as e.g. for the iron, to precipitation.

L’abitare come relazione sociale: il significato della casa e i processi di coesione sociale di vicinato

Se le trasformazioni sociali in atto tendono a esasperare il senso di incertezza, sradicamento ed individualismo, sussistono pratiche che si contrappongono alle tendenze dominanti, finalizzate a ricucire i legami sociali su scala locale. La progettazione urbano-architettonica interiorizza il nuovo bisogno di comunità originando soluzioni abitative tese a favorire gli scambi informali fra vicini, facendo leva sul concetto di capitale sociale, attaccamento al quartiere, identità del luogo e partecipazione. La casa, simbolo di stabilità e sicurezza ma anche di privacy, privatismo familiare, diventa sempre più oggetto di studi, domanda sociale e intervento politico. Soprattutto è sempre più intesa come un nodo di relazioni familiari in una rete di relazioni sociali più ampie. Casa e quartiere incidono nella esperienza di benessere e socialità familiare? In che modo gli spazi urbani e architettonici influenzano la coesione sociale? Quale il ruolo degli abitanti nello sviluppare socialità e integrazione? Sono queste le domande che ci siamo posti per rilevare le dinamiche sociali e culturali dell’abitare attraverso uno studio di caso condotto in due quartieri simili. Dalla ricerca emerge come il significato della casa non sia univoco ma cambi rispetto al ciclo di vita familiare e a quello economico e ciò incide nella partecipazione alle attività di quartiere. Mostriamo inoltre come lo spazio fisico costruito crea importanti opportunità per gli scambi informali e per il benessere familiare e individuale dei bambini ma che, il contesto sociale sia una discriminate fondamentale. Nel quartiere dove è presente una organizzazione di abitanti il numero delle relazioni di vicinato aumenta, cambiano anche la qualità delle relazioni e le distanze fisiche fra i vicini. Emerge inoltre che la reciprocità è il principale strumento di costruzione della coesione comunitaria interna e crea un atteggiamento di apertura e fiducia che va al di là dei confini di quartiere.

Progetto e costruzione di una casa tradizionale con telaio di legno nelle Marche. Riflessioni in merito al rapporto tra architettura e tecnologia.

Progetto e costruzione di una casa tradizionale con telaio di legno nelle Marche.

La casa dello spettacolo di San Felice sul Panaro: nuovi spazi teatrali dopo il terremoto

La tesi prevede l'integrazione del teatro esistente di San Felice sul Panaro attraverso la progettazione di un nuovo sistema che studia la riconfigurazione degli spazi urbani annessi alla monumentale presenza storica mediante un nuovo complesso denominato "casa dello spettacolo", che ospiterà rappresentazioni all'aperto di tipo più contemporaneo, a supporto del teatro storico comunale.

La casa ellenistica in Epiro ed Illiria meridionale

Il ritrovamento della Casa dei due peristili a Phoinike ha aperto la strada a un’intensa opera di revisione di tutti i dati relativi all’edilizia domestica nella regione, con studi comparativi verso nord (Illiria meridionale) e verso sud (il resto dell’Epiro, ovvero Tesprozia e Molossia). Tutta quest’area della Grecia nord-occidentale è stata caratterizzata nell’antichità da un’urbanizzazione scarsa numericamente e tardiva cronologicamente (non prima del IV sec. a.C.), a parte ovviamente le colonie corinzio-corciresi di area Adriatico- Ionica d’età arcaica (come Ambracia, Apollonia, Epidamnos). A un’urbanistica di tipo razionale e programmato (ad es. Cassope, Orraon, Gitani in Tesprozia, Antigonea in Caonia) si associano numerosi casi di abitati cresciuti soprattutto in rapporto alla natura del suolo, spesso diseguale e montagnoso (ad es. Dymokastro/Elina in Tesprozia, Çuka e Aitoit nella Kestrine), talora semplici villaggi fortificati, privi di una vera fisionomia urbana. D’altro canto il concetto classico di polis così come lo impieghiamo normalmente per la Grecia centro-meridionale non ha valore qui, in uno stato di tipo federale e dominato dall’economia del pascolo e della selva. In questo contesto l’edilizia domestica assume caratteri differenti fra IV e I sec. a.C.: da un lato le città ortogonali ripetono schemi egualitari con poche eccezioni, soprattutto alle origini (IV sec. a.C., come a Cassope e forse a Gitani), dall’altro si delinea una spiccata differenziazione a partire dal III sec., quando si adottano modelli architettonici differenti, come i peristili, indizio di una più forte differenziazione sociale (esemplari i casi di Antigonea e anche di Byllis in Illiria meridionale). I centri minori e fortificati d’altura impiegano formule abitative più semplici, che sfruttano l’articolazione del terreno roccioso per realizzare abitazioni a quote differenti, utilizzando la roccia naturale anche come pareti o pavimenti dei vani.

Mai a casa davvero. Flussi migratori fra perdita della lingua e perdita dell'identità

Questo documento racchiude riflessioni sul tema della migrazione e sulla perdita della lingua e dell'identità che comporta. L'elaborato è suddiviso in tre capitoli: 1) aspetti giuridici- statistici, 2) aspetti letterari, 3) aspetti empirici. Nella conclusione viene approfondito il motivo che ha spinto l'autrice della tesi ad occuparsi di questo specifico argomento e vengono espresse le sue opinioni personali sul tema. L'obiettivo dell'elaborato è quello di sensibilizzare il lettore al tema della migrazione e le sue conseguenze.

La casa giapponese: Il suo rapporto con la misura, lo standard, lo spazio.

L’analisi compiuta in questa tesi di laurea è motivata da una passione che fin dall’infanzia ho coltivato: quella per il Giappone. Con il passare degli anni gli aspetti del Giappone che mi hanno stimolato e incuriosito sono evoluti, come la volontà di approfondire una conoscenza sempre più completa di questo popolo e della loro cultura – facendo anche tesoro dell’esperienza di viaggio fatta nel 2012, visitando Tokyo e Kyoto.
 Notai nel mio breve soggiorno a Tokyo un qualcosa che qua non trovavo negli edifici: un eterno conflitto con lo spazio. Sono rimasto sorpreso dagli spazi angusti, dalle dimensioni lillipuziane delle case, spesso caratterizzate da standard qualitativi intollerabili per un occidentale, ma allo stesso tempo mi ha impressionato la tecnologia disponibile per la vita di tutti i giorni, che permetteva di sopperire a queste mancanze o deficit. Kyoto mi ha invece colpito per la tradizione, per la storia, per le sue architetture lignee – una città capace di fare convivere in armonia il passato col presente nel pieno rispetto della natura. I suoi colori, i suoi paesaggi bucolici non li dimenticherò facilmente... Il percorso di analisi che si svolgerà in questa sede includerà, partendo dalla tradizione fino ad arrivare al presente, le tematiche di cui si è appena parlato: casa giapponese, misura, standard, spazio. Si è partiti dall’analisi descrittiva e dalle splendide illustrazioni del zoologo americano Edward Morse, analizzando il suo volume “Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings” pubblicato alla fine del 1800 e divenuto un libro di culto per gli architetti moderni, per poi arricchire l’analisi con le tantissime informazioni e tavole tecniche fornite da Heinrich Engel con il libro “The Japanese House – A tradition for contemporary architecture”, un testo veramente formativo e altamente specifico per l’architettura vernacolare giapponese. Si arricchisce la discussione con Paper e pubblicazioni di professori giapponesi, racconti di narrativa e guide sul Giappone, per poi concludere l’analisi con libri di architettura moderna giapponese come il volume di Naomi Pollock “Modern Japanese House” e riviste quali JA (Japan Architects) per fornire esempi contemporanei di costruzioni residenziali odierne.


Edilizia sociale e prestazioni energetiche in un caso di studio a queimados all'interno del programa minha casa, minha vida: Analisi e proposte di miglioramento

Social Housing and energy performance in a study case in Queimados within the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida: analysis and proposals for improvement. The thesis in based on a personal experience lived in Brazil, working with a firm that deals with the construction of housing, for the population with incomes between 1.600 R$ and 3.100 R$ per month, in the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Thanks to the construction site and contact with the local people, it was possible to attend to the construction phases and to understand the pros and cons of this Program. Working with the company made also possible to know the costs of the construction and to see that they reached the limit budget imposed by the Program (160.000 R$). Between the critical aspects of the program there is the fact that it doesn’t deal with the energy consumptions of buildings. For that reason it was interesting to calculate the energy requirements for cooling- using the software EnergyPlus and Legacy Opens Studio plug-in for Google Sketchup- and, later, to try to propose ideas for improving performances and reduce energy consumption introducing: increase in the wall mass, frame windows and patio doors, exterior blinds, wall shading on the west side. From the analysis of these simulations, considering the decrease of energy requirements for cooling, the decrease of operative and mean radiant temperatures and costs, the most convenient proposal was the exterior curtain. As all these assumptions were too expensive for the program it was analyzed how the behavior of the inhabitants influence energy consumption. Thinking of an intelligent ventilation –opening windows while the outside temperature is lower than the inside one- the reduction of energy requirements is about 27%. These result is really important, if you consider that it is obtained without spending more money.

Recinto abitato a bogota: L'insediamento, lo spazio pubblico, la casa

La tesi consiste in un progetto per un quartiere residenziale a Sud della città di Bogotà, nei pressi del Rio Tunjuelito. La proposta ha come obiettivo la riconnessione del tessuto adiacente all’Autopista, la valorizzazione del sistema del verde e il potenziamento dei servizi attraverso un modello insediativo fondato sulla reinterpretazione della griglia urbana. Il progetto interiorizza nella sua struttura insediativa, nella sua scala dimensionale e nella gradualità del passaggio dallo spazio pubblico a quello privato il tipo a corte.