953 resultados para crescimento de plantas


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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con acentuación en Química de Productos Naturales) UANL, 2014.

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Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con acentuación en Química de Productos Naturales) UANL, 2014.

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Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con especialidad en Manejo de Recursos Naturales) UANL, 2014.

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The utilization and management of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis may improve production and sustainability of the cropping system. For this purpose, native AM fungi (AMF) were sought and tested for their efficiency to increase plant growth by enhanced P uptake and by alleviation of drought stress. Pot experiments with safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and pea (Pisum sativum) in five soils (mostly sandy loamy Luvisols) and field experiments with peas were carried out during three years at four different sites. Host plants were grown in heated soils inoculated with AMF or the respective heat sterilized inoculum. In the case of peas, mutants resistant to AMF colonization were used as non-mycorrhizal controls. The mycorrhizal impact on yields and its components, transpiration, and P and N uptake was studied in several experiments, partly under varying P and N levels and water supply. Screening of native AMF by most probable number bioassays was not very meaningful. Soil monoliths were placed in the open to simulate field conditions. Inoculation with a native AMF mix improved grain yield, shoot and leaf growth variables as compared to control. Exposed to drought, higher soil water depletion of mycorrhizal plants resulted in a haying-off effect. The growth response to this inoculum could not be significantly reproduced in a subsequent open air pot experiment at two levels of irrigation and P fertilization, however, safflower grew better at higher P and water supply by multiples. The water use efficiency concerning biomass was improved by the AMF inoculum in the two experiments. Transpiration rates were not significantly affected by AM but as a tendency were higher in non-mycorrhizal safflower. A fundamental methodological problem in mycorrhiza field research is providing an appropriate (negative) control for the experimental factor arbuscular mycorrhiza. Soil sterilization or fungicide treatment have undesirable side effects in field and greenhouse settings. Furthermore, artificial rooting, temperature and light conditions in pot experiments may interfere with the interpretation of mycorrhiza effects. Therefore, the myc- pea mutant P2 was tested as a non-mycorrhizal control in a bioassay to evaluate AMF under field conditions in comparison to the symbiotic isogenetic wild type of var. FRISSON as a new integrative approach. However, mutant P2 is also of nod- phenotype and therefore unable to fix N2. A 3-factorial experiment was carried out in a climate chamber at high NPK fertilization to examine the two isolines under non-symbiotic and symbiotic conditions. P2 achieved the same (or higher) biomass as wild type both under good and poor water supply. However, inoculation with the AMF Glomus manihot did not improve plant growth. Differences of grain and straw yields in field trials were large (up to 80 per cent) between those isogenetic pea lines mainly due to higher P uptake under P and water limited conditions. The lacking N2 fixation in mutants was compensated for by high mineral N supply as indicated by the high N status of the pea mutant plants. This finding was corroborated by the results of a major field experiment at three sites with two levels of N fertilization. The higher N rate did not affect grain or straw yields of the non-fixing mutants. Very efficient AMF were detected in a Ferric Luvisol on pasture land as revealed by yield levels of the evaluation crop and by functional vital staining of highly colonized roots. Generally, levels of grain yield were low, at between 40 and 980 kg ha-1. An additional pot trial was carried out to elucidate the strong mycorrhizal effect in the Ferric Luvisol. A triplication of the plant equivalent field P fertilization was necessary to compensate for the mycorrhizal benefit which was with five times higher grain yield very similar to that found in the field experiment. However, the yield differences between the two isolines were not always plausible as the evaluation variable because they were also found in (small) field test trials with apparently sufficient P and N supply and in a soil of almost no AMF potential. This similarly occurred for pea lines of var. SPARKLE and its non-fixing mycorrhizal (E135) and non-symbiotic (R25) isomutants, which were tested in order to exclude experimentally undesirable benefits by N2 fixation. In contrast to var. FRISSON, SPARKLE was not a suitable variety for Mediterranean field conditions. This raises suspicion putative genetic defects other than symbiotic ones may be effective under field conditions, which would conflict with the concept of an appropriate control. It was concluded that AMF resistant plants may help to overcome fundamental problems of present research on arbuscular mycorrhiza, but may create new ones.

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El objetivo del cuaderno es servir de punto de partida a los alumnos de sexto de EGB para las salidas de campo, investigaciones, experiencias y actividades. La finalidad ??ltima es que el alumno realice actividades encaminadas al reconocimiento de las plantas y los cultivos de la comarca, informaci??n sobre el trasvase Tajo-Segura y sobre los animales dom??sticos de la comarca. Incluye tambi??n juegos y actividades para la adquisici??n de vocabulario.

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El cuaderno de trabajo sirve como punto de partida para salidas de campo, peque??as investigaciones y experiencias dirigidas a los alumnos de s??ptimo de EGB. El cuaderno contiene informaci??n acerca de la flora y fauna de la Comarca del Mar Menor. Se aprende a identificar y localizar ??rboles, plantas, flores silvestres y arbustos; de igual modo se estudian las caracter??sticas, el h??bitat y la dieta de los animales de la zona: insectos, aves, mam??feros y reptiles. El cuaderno incluye dos fichas para la construcci??n de un terrario y comedero de aves.

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El libro-guía incluye un fichero de plantas en el que ofrece una pequeña descripción, su catalogación botánica, usos y virtudes curativas

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Editado con la ayuda de la Consejería de Cultura del Principado de Asturias para la promoción del bable. Su traducción fue realizada por David Guardado Díez

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Trata de aportar una ayuda al profesor en su tarea de investigaci??n en el aula. Seg??n los autores no se trata de una labor acabada. Tratan de facilitar el conocimiento del entorno natural del ni??o y se hace una relaci??n de plantas medicinales ordenadas alfab??ticamente en la que se incluye un dibujo de la planta, su nombre en castellano, en asturiano, una descripci??n de la planta, d??nde se encuentra, qu?? parte se usa, cu??ndo se recolecta, cu??ndo florecen y cu??l es su acci??n curativa y su uso. Se describen 48 plantas y se ofrece una bibliograf??a b??sica sobre flores, ??rboles, arbustos y medicina natural.

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Esta unidad didáctica está destinada a los profesores y profesoras que quieran despejar dudas o mejorar sus conocimientos científicos sobre la temática de la nutrición de las plantas verdes. Se ha desarrollado con el objetivo de facilitar la reflexión sobre los problemas de enseñanza y aprendizaje que genera el trabajo en relación con esta temática, así como para facilitar y fundamentar la toma de decisiones en el diseño de unidades didácticas cercanas a los intereses de los alumnos y alumnas, y que guarden alguna relación (próxima o lejana) con el campo de conocimiento de la nutrición de las plantas verdes.

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El CEIP 'Manuel Pérez' de Bollullos Par del Condado (Huelva) ha recibido el Primer Premio de Páginas Web Educativas de la Junta de Andalucía, y ha sido galardonado con la Medalla de Oro al Mérito Educativo

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Los objetivos del proyecto son facilitar el conocimiento del entorno natural del ni??o y crear un libro de texto sobre el tema adecuado a preescolar, ciclo inicial y ciclo medio. Se trata de elaborar una gu??a del profesor con plantas medicinales, objeto de estudio. Cada ficha contiene: descripci??n, presencia, parte usada, recolecci??n, floraci??n y acci??n curativa y uso. En el proyecto se contempla tambi??n la elaboraci??n de una gu??a para los alumnos con fichas de actividades complementarias adecuadas para los niveles ya citados que contenga: lecturas, fichas, experiencias y un estudio interdisciplinar. La memoria s??lo refleja la primera parte del proyecto e incluye una bibliograf??a sobre el tema tratado.

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Resumen tomado parcialmente del autor. Para solicitar en pr??stamo este material ser?? necesario ponerse en contacto con el centro realizador (Equip de Suport a la Llengua). Incluye im??genes

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Se trata de un material realizado con el programa Clic para aprender a conocer las plantas del entorno. Para ello se desarrolla en dos partes: una de ellas contiene las pantallas con informaci??n sobre el tema recomendando su lectura, y la segunda parte incluye diferentes actividades sobre las explicaciones dadas. Las actividades se llevan a cabo cliclando sobre la respuesta adecuada, y el programa indica si es correcta o no, cuantas veces se ha intentado y el tiempo que se ha tardado en realizarlo.