Las artes (Música, Plástica y Teatro) como procedimiento para el aprendizaje de contenidos propios de la Etapa Infantil

En la educación infantil las artes (Gardner, 1994; Wild, 1999 Jordan-Decarbo y Nelson, 2002) pueden proporcionar un marco especial, incluso único, de expresión personal, tanto para el maestro/a como para el niño/a y pueden ser usadas de igual forma como procedimiento o como fin en sí mismo, atendiendo a la diversidad con sus distintas fortalezas (Brice, 2003). El principal objetivo de la presente investigación es: Evaluar la implementación de un programa de educación con población infantil (5 años), poniendo en práctica procedimientos basados en la utilización de las artes, como vehículo de aprendizaje para contenidos propios de la etapa -lógica, cantidad, forma, grafomotricidad y conocimiento del entorno-.Ya que los aspectos afectivos son de vital importancia para el aprendizaje y desarrollo del niño (Parke y Gauvain, 2009), hemos evaluado el impacto inicial, procesual y final a la implementación del programa en el estado emocional del niño de cinco años, ya que a esa edad finaliza la etapa infantil.Metodológicamente nos acogemos al modelo de investigación evaluativa participativa, ya que nuestras pretensiones son valorar la eficacia de la implementación de un elemento, proceso o programa educativo (Sandín, 2003). La muestra está constituida por 100 niños y niñas de Madrid y Barcelona de edades comprendidas entre cinco y seis años. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recogida de los datos han sido: el test del Dibujo la Figura Humana (Koppitz, 2010), una pauta de observación sistematizada y una entrevista estructurada abierta.Los resultados obtenidos certifican los efectos positivos del programa implementado, concluyendo que la incidencia emocional ha resultado significativamente beneficiosa para una gran parte del conjunto de la muestra (81,2%), mejorando con respecto al primer periodo concretamente en estabilidad emocional y autoestima.

Transmission electron microscopy in cell biology: sample preparation techniques and image information

Transmission electron microscopy is a proven technique in the field of cell biology and a very useful tool in biomedical research. Innovation and improvements in equipment together with the introduction of new technology have allowed us to improve our knowledge of biological tissues, to visualizestructures better and both to identify and to locate molecules. Of all the types ofmicroscopy exploited to date, electron microscopy is the one with the mostadvantageous resolution limit and therefore it is a very efficient technique fordeciphering the cell architecture and relating it to function. This chapter aims toprovide an overview of the most important techniques that we can apply to abiological sample, tissue or cells, to observe it with an electron microscope, fromthe most conventional to the latest generation. Processes and concepts aredefined, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are assessedalong with the image and information that we can obtain by using each one ofthem.

Recent trends in colorectal cancer mortality in Europe.

Colorectal cancer mortality has been declining over the last two decades in Europe, particularly in women, the trends being, however, different across countries and age groups. We updated to 2007 colorectal cancer mortality trends in Europe using data from the World Health Organization (WHO). Rates were analyzed for the overall population and separately in young, middle-age and elderly populations. In the European Union (EU), between 1997 and 2007 mortality from colorectal cancer declined by around 2% per year, from 19.7 to 17.4/100,000 men (world standardized rates) and from 12.5 to 10.5/100,000 women. Persisting favorable trends were observed in countries of western and northern Europe, while there were more recent declines in several countries of eastern Europe, including the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia particularly in women (but not Romania and the Russian Federation). In 2007, a substantial excess in colorectal cancer mortality was still observed in Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, the Czech Republic and Slovenia in men (rates over 25/100,000), and in Hungary, Norway, Denmark and Slovakia in women (rates over 14/100,000). Colorectal mortality trends were more favorable in the young (30-49 years) from most European countries, with a decline of ∼2% per year since the early 1990s in both men and women from the EU. The recent decreases in colorectal mortality rates in several European countries are likely due to improvements in (early) diagnosis and treatment, with a consequent higher survival from the disease. Interventions to further reduce colorectal cancer burden are, however, still warranted, particularly in eastern European countries.

Advanced applications of scanning electron microscopy in geology

Nowadays Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a basic and fundamental tool in the study of geologic samples. The collision of a highlyaccelerated electron beam with the atoms of a solid sample results in theproduction of several radiation types than can be detected and analysed byspecific detectors, providing information of the chemistry and crystallography ofthe studied material. From this point of view, the chamber of a SEM can beconsidered as a laboratory where different experiments can be carried out. Theapplication of SEM to geology, especially in the fields of mineralogy andpetrology has been summarised by Reed (1996).The aim of this paper is to showsome recent applications in the characterization of geologic materials.

Biomedical and biological applications of scanning electron microscopy

This article summarizes the basic principles of scanning electron microscopy and the capabilities of the technique with different examples ofapplications in biomedical and biological research.

Analyzing peptides and proteins by mass spectrometry: principles and applications in proteomics

The study of proteins has been a key element in biomedicine and biotechnology because of their important role in cell functions or enzymatic activity. Cells are the basic unit of living organisms, which are governed by a vast range of chemical reactions. These chemical reactions must be highly regulatedin order to achieve homeostasis. Proteins are polymeric molecules that havetaken on the evolutionary process the role, along with other factors, of controlthese chemical reactions. Learning how proteins interact and control their up anddown regulations can teach us how living cells regulate their functions, as well asthe cause of certain anomalies that occur in different diseases where proteins areinvolved. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical widely used technique to studythe protein content inside the cells as a biomarker point, which describesdysfunctions in diseases and increases knowledge of how proteins are working.All the methodologies involved in these descriptions are integrated in the fieldcalled Proteomics.

Procés de transició del batxillerat a la universitat: factors d’èxit

La problemàtica de la transició batxillerat-universitat és avui un fenomen de preocupació i un tema de debat. La revisió de la recerca posa de manifest que, en l’anàlisi de la transició a la universitat, s’han fet estudis que descriuen resultats acadèmics al final d’un determinat període i seguiments de cohorts específiques en referència a centres específics1 però, no s’ha produït, un plantejament comprensiu i profund que permeti constatar el conjunt de factors psicosocials relacionats amb la qualitat de les transicions acadèmiques. La transició a la universitat és un procés complex que comporta per a l’estudiant canvis personals i vitals significatius, amb conseqüències que afecten també el marc social.

El rendiment i la trajectòria acadèmica en els dos primers anys a la Universitat

La problemàtica de la transició batxillerat-universitat és avui un fenomen de preocupació i un tema de debat. La revisió de la recerca posa de manifest que, en l’anàlisi de la transició a launiversitat, s’han fet estudis que descriuen resultats acadèmics al final d’un determinat període i seguiments de cohorts específiques en referència a centres específics1 però, no s’ha produït, un plantejament comprensiu i profund que permeti constatar el conjunt de factors psicosocials relacionats amb la qualitat de les transicions acadèmiques. La transició a la universitat és unprocés complex que comporta per a l’estudiant canvis personals i vitals significatius, amb conseqüències que afecten també el marc social. El treball desenvolupat s’emmarca en les línies actuals de l’estudi de la transició a la universitat, representades en els treballs de Terenzini (1993) i Pautler (1996) sobre les trajectòries de transició dels estudiants d’EUA o els estudis de Yorke (1998) que analitzen les trajectòries d’abandonament i fracàs universitari a la Gran Bretanya. L’interès d’aquest acull tant la perspectiva de l’impacte de la transició sobre la persona - com el propi procés afecta a la persona -, com la perspectiva del procés, és a dir, quins recursos personals i contextuals permeten reduir l’impacte de la transició i facilitar l’adaptació al canvi de les persones queaccedeixen a la universitat. En aquest sentit l’estudi presenta un model que tracta de captar la interacció dels factors personals i contextuals que expliquen les diferents trajectòries de transicióa la universitat: de continuïtat o d’abandonament, d’èxit en la integració o de fracàs en la superació dels problemes generats per la discontinuïtat d’ambients educatius.

Deposition and residues of azoxystrobin and imidacloprid on greenhouse lettuce with implications for human consumption

Lettuce greenhouse experiments were carried out from March to June 2011 in order to analyze how pesticides behave from the time of application until their intake via human consumption taking into account the primary distribution of pesticides, field dissipation, and post-harvest processing. In addition, experimental conditions were used to evaluate a new dynamic plant uptake model comparing its results with the experimentally derived residues. One application of imidacloprid and two of azoxystrobin were conducted. For evaluating primary pesticide distribution, two approaches based on leaf area index and vegetation cover were used and results were compared with those obtained from a tracer test. High influence of lettuce density, growth stage and type of sprayer was observed in primary distribution showing that low densities or early growth stages implied high losses of pesticides on soil. Washed and unwashed samples of lettuce were taken and analyzed from application to harvest to evaluate removal of pesticides by food processing. Results show that residues found on the Spanish preharvest interval days were in all cases below officially set maximum residue limits, although it was observed that time between application and harvest is as important for residues as application amounts. An overall reduction of 40–60% of pesticides residues was obtained from washing lettuce. Experimentally derived residues were compared with modeled residues and deviate from 1.2 to 1.4 for imidacloprid and azoxystrobin, respectively, presenting good model predictions. Resulting human intake fractions range from... for imidacloprid to ... for azoxystrobin.

Estilos comunicativos, vinculación universitaria y adaptación psicosocial

El presente estudio aborda la relación entre los estilos comunicativos de los estudiantes universitarios, su vinculación en la universidad y el nivel de adaptación psicosocial. Se analizan distintos estilos comunicativos en relación con el grado de vinculación universitaria y su influencia sobre el nivel de ansiedad, distimia, consumo de alcohol y dependencia de sustancias. Los datos han sido obtenidos mediante cuestionario administrado a una muestra representativa de 529 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados indican la existencia de diferencias de género con respecto a algunos patrones comunicativos pero no en relación con la vinculación universitaria. Se constata también una relación estadísticamente significativa, aunque no muy elevada, entre los estilos comunicativos y la capacidad de los estudiantes para vincularse en el contexto universitario. Tanto los estilos comunicativos como la vinculación universitaria contribuyen a la explicación de la sintomatología afectiva, pero sólo los estilos comunicativos polémico y amigable contribuyen a la explicación del consumo de sustancias

Panorámica actual de la psicología positiva

Este trabajo intenta dar una panorámica del estado actual de la psicología positiva; una revisión global para intentar situar los contenidos de sus constructos principales.

The impact of the Spanish economic crisis on the duration of sickness absence

Directors: Jordi Delclós Clanchet, Mònica Ubalde López, Eva Calvo Bonacho

Eficiência de coeficientes de similaridade em genótipos de feijão mediante marcadores RAPD

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de coeficientes de similaridade em genótipos de feijão por meio de marcadores RAPD. A eficiência dos coeficientes de similaridade de Jaccard, Sorensen-Dice, Russel e Rao, Ochiai, Coincidência Simples, Rogers e Tanimoto, Hamann, Kulczynski 2, Yule e Phi no agrupamento de 35 cultivares locais e comerciais de feijão foi analisada com base em 104 marcadores RAPD. Os coeficientes foram comparados por dendrogramas, pela eficiência da projeção no espaço bidimensional e por grupos formados pelo método de otimização de Tocher. Os diferentes coeficientes de similaridade apresentaram variação quanto à eficiência de projeção no espaço bidimensional e quanto ao número de grupos formados pelo método de otimização de Tocher. Os coeficientes de Russel e Rao e de Yule são os mais discordantes, e os coeficientes de Sorensen-Dice, Ochiai e Kulczynski 2 são mais eficientes que os demais. O coeficiente de Russel e Rao não tem a capacidade de agrupar as cultivares em seus respectivos centros de domesticação.

Kansainvälistyminen ja varallisuusoikeuden kansalliset opit

Ylänimeke: Oppirakennelmia ja periaatteita