Pesquisador da DAPP comenta apuração dos resultados das Eleições 2014

Pesquisador da DAPP Luis Felipe da Graça comenta os resultados da apuração do primeiro turno das eleições 2014 em mesa redonda no jornal O Globo.

Aumentar transparência é ponto central para a reforma política

As recorrentes manchetes de mandatários públicos envolvidos em casos de corrupção trazem mais subsídios para um debate já acalorado sobre a reforma política. Esse tema foi debatido durante a campanha presidencial e já havia sido apresentado como resposta à insatisfação com serviços públicos e com os resultados da ação do Estado, conforme apontaram as jornadas de junho de 2013. A insatisfação do eleitor com seus representantes não passa apenas por questões de regra eleitoral ou de financiamento das campanhas. Ela está baseada na crescente falta de confiança na capacidade ou mesmo na intenção do Estado em solucionar problemas do cidadão.

Orçamento 2015 é sancionado pela Presidente Dilma

A presidente Dilma Rousseff sancionou na última segunda (20) a Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) de 2015, mais de um mês após a peça ter sido aprovada pelo Congresso Nacional em Março, com três meses de atraso. O ato de sancionar a lei orçamentária “representa a concordância do chefe do Poder Executivo com os termos da lei decretada pelo Legislativo”¹, ou seja, é um ato de confirmação da presidência antes de levar a lei à publicação, quando seu texto passa a valer de fato. A sanção presidencial ocorreu com dois vetos ao projeto de lei original, tal como consta em mensagem ao presidente do Senado Federal. Esses vetos foram pontuais e não representaram alterações substanciais à lei, publicada no Diário Oficial da União desta quarta (22).

(Des)organizando o espaço social de favelas: o campo burocrático do Estado em ação no contexto da "pacificação"

Nesta tese tive por objetivo analisar a relação entre o campo burocrático do Estado em ação e o espaço social de favelas, no contexto da “pacificação”. Para tal, me propus a responder a três questões de pesquisa: Como os agentes do campo burocrático do Estado se fazem presentes no espaço social de favelas? Qual é a relação entre o campo burocrático do Estado em ação nas favelas e os processos de organizar dos agentes do campo? Qual é a relação entre os processos de organizar dos agentes do campo burocrático do Estado em ação nas favelas e o espaço social? Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, realizei um trabalho de campo em duas favelas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, durante 1 ano e 4 meses (de janeiro de 2013 a abril de 2014). Nesse sentido, a coleta de dados se deu por meio de observação participante e 91 entrevistas com moradores e representantes do Estado. Os dados foram analisados com base em teoria fundamentada, conforme proposta por Strauss e Corbin (2008), bem como por meio de análise retórica. Com base nos conceitos de campo proposto por Bourdieu, na literatura sobre processos de organizar, e na noção de espaço social cunhada por Lefebvre (2007), busquei demonstrar como os agentes do campo burocrático do Estado inserem-se nas favelas a partir de lógicas institucionais distintas, o que serve para incentivar disputas e inibir a cooperações. Mostro como as estratégias retóricas de legitimação utilizadas pelos agentes apontam para as posições de incumbentes e desafiadores do campo, o que é reforçado pela análise da distribuição de capitais. Aponto como alguns agentes conseguem ter acesso ao capital social e informacional, os quais se retroalimentam, enquanto outros possuem uma concentração maior de capital econômico, espacial e simbólico, aproximando-se das posições de incumbentes. Em seguida, busco mostrar como os processos de organizar, imbricados ao campo, assumem, como consequência da dinâmica do campo, padrões de lentidão, descontinuidades, dispersão e (des)materialização. Por fim, analiso a produção do espaço social de favelas a partir de um choque entre o campo burocráticos do Estado e o campo das favelas, o que se expressa em hibridismos e ambiguidades. Há a produção de hibridismos no espaço, ambiguidades de leis nas favelas, e ambiguidades na própria noção de organizar, aqui reinterpretada para processos de (des)organizar, tendo em vista que organizam ou desorganizam para diferentes pontos de vistas. Chego, enfim, à noção de “maquiagem do espaço”, com base em uma metáfora utilizada pelos moradores para descrever a favela “pacificada” como uma favela que emite, por meio da dimensão simbólica da matéria, significados de segurança e progresso, quando é, para seus habitantes, uma favela também insegura, submetida a uma “administração da pobreza”.

Medindo o impacto social da regeneração urbana pela cultura : percepções dos moradores da Mouraria

Este trabalho centra-se na capacidade do investimento em cultura, em contexto de regeneração urbana, em atender a retórica da revitalização social e em que medida oferece soluções socialmente sustentáveis para os moradores. Para o efeito, centra-se sobre os significados e práticas do culture-led urban regeneration (CLUR) na cidade-histórica e é proposta sua medição quanto a impactos sociais subjetivos na comunidade local. Uma das principais preocupações do estudo é o grau em que o CLUR pode realmente cumprir as expectativas que os decisores políticos têm dele como “ferramenta” de abordagem integrada e sustentável na transformação de espaços urbanos degradados. Para dar conta de tais objetivos vai se destacar o caso do bairro lisboeta da Mouraria como estudo de caso e local de teste das hipóteses apresentadas na pesquisa. Medir os impactos sociais subjetivos da intervenção sócio-urbana no bairro, na óptica de seus moradores, formam o eixo central do estudo. E, igualmente relevante, procurou-se avançar na produção de instrumentos de medição capazes de aferir o impacto social subjetivo de intervenções urbanas de base cultural. Com os procedimentos adotados na pesquisa, a dissertação reporta-se à experiência europeia e portuguesa procurando traçar a genealogia destas políticas, discutir as retóricas que as justificam e desvendar como os moradores da zona intervencionada percepcionam tais transformações do seu lugar.

Adam Smith visto por Roberto Campos: a (re)criação do mito e as necessidades do capitalismo

This work aims at analyzing how Adam Smith, one of the founders of the liberal regime was seen by Roberto Campos, one of the patriarchs of Brazilian liberalism. In this sense, it will be shown how and why the legacy of Scotland was used to legitimize the new pattern of accumulation necessary to capitalism from the second half of the twentieth century on. So, it is the intention to make explicit that the changes in Campos discursive form are consistent with the requirements of capitalism in crisis and were fundamental in the creation of another common sense. To achieve these goals it will be assessed in what way the liberal rhetoric of the Brazilian, harmonized with foreign authors with the same vision, has become an important weapon to transform Smith into a myth in contrast to the political and economic criteria advocated by the same, but valuable to what Roberto Campos intended

A contribuição de Diké na formação do Emílio ou o papel da jurisdição constitucional na concretização do direito social à educação

The fundamental social right to education has a lengthy constitutional argument, having been declared as a right to everyone in the Title dedicated to the fundamental rights and warrants and, later, scrutinized in the Social Order Chapter exclusively devoted to this theme, where specific rights are guaranteed and fundamental duties are imposed to family, society, and state. In that which concerns education, the 1988 Constitution is the result of a historical-normative process which, since the days of the Lusitanian Empire wavering between distinct levels of protection warrants in some way the educational process. Nevertheless, not even the State s oldest commitment to education has been fully achieved, namely, the annihilation of illiteracy. Even as other fundamental social rights, education is inflicted with the lack of effective political will to reach its fulfillment, and this is reflected in the production of doctrine and jurisprudence which reduce the efficacy of these rights. The objective of this work is to analyze what part is to be played by the constitutional jurisdiction in the reversal of this picture in regards to the fulfillment of the fundamental social right to education. Therefore it is indispensable to present a proper conception of constitutional jurisdiction its objectives, boundaries and procedures and that of the social rights in the Brazilian context so as to establish its relationship from the prism of the right to education. The main existing obstacles to the effective action of constitutional jurisdiction on the ground of social rights are identified and then proposals so as to overcome them are presented. The contemplative and constructive importance of education in the shaping of the individual as well as its instrumental relevance to the achievement of the democratic ideal through the means of the shaping of the citizen is taken into account. The historical context which leads to the current Brazilian educational system is analyzed, tracing the normative area and the essential content of the fundamental right to education aiming to delineate parameters for the adequate development of the constitutional jurisdiction in the field. This jurisdiction must be neither larger nor narrower than that which has been determined by the Constitution itself. Its activity has been in turns based on a demagogic rhetoric of those fundamental rights which present a doubtful applicability, or falling short of that which has been established showing an excessive reverence to the constituent powers. It is necessary to establish dogmatic parameters for a good action of this important tool of constitutional democracy, notably in regards to the fundamental social right to education, for the sake of its instrumental role in the achievement of the democratic ideals of liberty and equality

Frankenstein, o prometeu moderno ciência, literatura e educação

À partir des études de l'anthropologue Bruno Latour, dans lesquelles on montre l'importance de la rhétorique et des stratégies institutionnelles dans la fabrication des vérités scientifiques; des hypothèses concernant la nature ambiguë des sciences dressées par Isabelle Stengers et des idées d'Edgar Morin sur la nécessité de combattre la pensée fragmenteuse et de relier culture scientifique et culture humanistique, la thèse aborde la relation de l'homme avec ses artefacts, le défi des descriptions des phénomènes et de leurs propriétés, du dialogue entre les humains et les plusieures dimensions de la matière, et de la responsabilité qui devrait venir avec tous les progrès scientifiques. Victor Frankenstein, sa créature, Brown-Séquard et la testostérone synthétique, sont des acteurs qui aident à composer le panorama cognitif de la recherche qui étend les limites de la science et du social au collectif de non-humains et revendique une réforme de la pensée et de l'éducation que les inclut

Mecanismos sócio-genéticos da representação social de trabalho docente por grupos de licenciandos de física e de química da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

This research aims to understand the social representations Teaching Work in groups of undergraduate students of Physics and Chemistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. For this, the proposal was based on the three theoretical and methodological consensus Carvalho (2012) in the explanation of socio-genetic mechanisms constituents of dynamic consensus that has functionality to your organization. It Was used to achieve this goal, the theoretical-epistemological Serge Moscovici (1978, 2003), Jodelet (2011), Wagner (1998,( 2011) and Carvalho (2012). The corpus analyzed results from a qualitative and quantitative research, developed in three stages. The first two (2) questionnaires to fifty (50) of each undergraduate course, a questionnaire and another profile for collection of free associations concerning motes inductors "Give Lesson," "Student" and "Teacher". The second step in the procedure Multiple Classifications, Roazzi (1995), aimed for another thirty (30) undergraduate students for each course, as well as Document Analysis of Educational Projects Curriculum courses in Physics and Chemistry. The data analysis of the first stage focused on descriptive statistics and frequency and average order of the words associated with motes inductors. The results from the Multiple Classification Procedure submitted to multidimensional analysis (MSA multidimensional scalogram analysis) and SSA (Similarity Structure Analysis), were interpreted by the theoretical and methodological proposal of the three consensus, supported by analysis of the rhetorical nature of justifications classifications and categorizations of words, boosted in times of application of Procedure Multiple Classification. The data revealed that the groups surveyed were the same Social Representation with specific dynamic consensual. Thinking Teaching Work for these groups it is considered in three dimensions: the BE-DO-HAVE of teaching. In the group of Physics consensus was clear semantic, which expressed a dynamic in which the interpretations of "Teaching Work" peacefully coexist on perceptions of two concepts: An identity around the "BE" "Teacher" or "BE" "Educator" and the other, how they think about professional development. The type of group consensus Chemistry pointed to a consensual logic hierarchical order in which the gradual between the elements of BE-DO-HAVE attested conflicts and disagreements about the perceptual object "Teaching Work", around what value most, whether they are the attributes of personal or professional-technical dimension of teaching, in the course of professional development. The thesis to explain the mechanisms of socio-genetic Representation Social Teaching Work by theoretical and methodological proposal was confirmed

Concordâncias e discordâncias de Dewey com Freud

Este artigo expõe ideias de Sigmund Freud sobre temas que são fundamentais para compreender o homem contemporâneo: a constituição do psiquismo; a formação e a resolução das patologias mentais; a cultura em sentido amplo e a educação como elemento mediador entre o indivíduo e a sociedade. O objetivo é apresentar e comparar as análises feitas por John Dewey sobre esses mesmos temas, tomando por base o livro Human nature and conduct. As comparações entre os discursos freudiano e deweyano são feitas por meio da metodologia proposta por Chaïm Perelman no livro Tratado da argumentação (elaborado em coautoria com Olbrechts-Tyteca), que busca esclarecer as estratégias argumentativas usadas por um autor para obter ou aumentar a adesão às teses propostas e, com isso, despertar ações concretas. As conclusões sugerem que, embora Dewey discorde de Freud, existem pontos de concordância entre ambos, especialmente no que diz respeito ao significado dos impulsos e da sublimação e à concepção de que o conhecimento é mutável e impreciso, o que rejeita a crença em certezas absolutas e insere as decisões e ações humanas no âmbito da probabilidade.

À luz das inquietas sombras: a criatividade da melancolia na linguagem de Dom Casmurro

Qué se piensa aquí, esencialmente, está a mapear el itinerario de la melancolía creativa en el discurso de Dom Casmurro; es decir, aquél de el cual el valle narrativo de una sensación de la angustia a alçar él él las maneras de la representación en el discurso de Dom Casmurro. El árbol básico en el cual éste estimaba incurre en se basa en el acuerdo de eso que la actual melancolía en el texto del machadiano se puede analizar por las estratagemas de la lengua creativa en la intención de demostrar en él una especie del espacio virtual - el conducir de metáforas, de ironies y del exacerbamento de imágenes - por cuál se prepone el narrador construir su salvación . El propósito es analizar el uso de el proyecto del alegórico y el irónico previstos por el autor en la intención de descubrir pues tales procedimientos contribuyen para crear un texto ese desestabiliza el carácter malsano de la melancolía. Puede propagar lengua creativa de tal manera cuánto otras maneras de la representación de eso las marcas del arte utilizan. Más allá de este traz poético, la contribución de este trabajo también constituye: para componer una escena en la cual el teatralidade de la lengua de Dom Casmurro constituye drama y no tragedia. Después de la pista de los conceptos de los benjaminianas de la melancolía, alegoria, metalenguaje la ironía, vimos que éstos disalign de la voluntad que los estatutos se estabilizaron de las figuras del retórico para consistir mientras que las estrategias de los discursivas. Subyacente a este proceso es posible percibir el flash del rescate de la escritura melancholic, visto bajo luz del saturnine de una mirada que si desea alegórico, en la misma incandescencia de la risa del fáustico

A argumentação na petição inicial

This research investigates current sense effects at the use of linguistic resources of the argument in a corpus constituted by juridical pieces (Initial Petitions), that gave opportunity to actions originated from the Civil Special Court of the District of Currais Novos-RN. For this purpose it was established a relation between the Law and the Linguistics, mediated by the focus of the Argumentative Semantics, emphasizing, in a special way, the use of argumentative operators, which inserted in the own language, in its grammar, assume the orientation of the speech and the modalizers use, important mechanisms in the construction of the sense of the text and in the signalling in the way as that that one say is said,. This way, we began the investigation of that gender choosing as study object the section of the facts , that comprehends a part of Initial Petition where is explanted the narration of events that gave margin to the proposal for the Action. In face of the study object and the aim to be reached it was appealed, methodologically, to the notion of Rhetoric since from the classic antiquity to the emergence of the New present Rhetoric in Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005) that, at the present time, is inserted in the studies of the Pragmatic connected to the central theses of the Ducrot s thinking (1977, 1980, 1987). Such referential allowed us to a better understanding about the production of the juridical speech on the part of the operators of the Law, as well as, to analyze in way wide the current sense effects from the use of argument linguistic marks the juridical speech. The data showed that such marks are indispensable elements to the construction of the textual web, particularly when in the range of the juridical argumentation, since they direct the speech for certain conclusions. However, we have observed that in the texts produced by the lawyers the use of those linguistic resources not always takes place in an appropriate way. The texts analyzed have also showed that it is possible to unmask, through the linguistic resources, the argumentative strategy employed by the authors for convincing of the magistrate, making evident that language is more than a system of signs, which it makes possible to see beyond the limit of the words and statements. Finally, we have verified that the categories analyzed, when used appropriately, are elements that engender argumentative maneuvers of effectiveness in the juridical text, being fundamental pieces which give argumentative strength the text, making the speech to move forward, not only the juridical, but the speech produced in any domain of the knowledge

O gênero blog: ação social e multimodalidade.

Studies about discursive genres peak at a necessity to understand how these genres work in a society that is more and more submissive to the technology of informatics such as ours. In acknowledging that the virtual context of the Internet provides the manifestation and development of new genres of the discourse, we perceived that the online journal, or blog, as commonly known, is responsible for a variety of linguistic phenomena that would normally take severaI years to consolidate. Since its appearance in 1997 blogs rush as a virtual version of the personal diary and in a short time due to communicative demands suffers several changes, making new categories of blog genres emerge. Facing such phenomena, this work intends at first to characterize blogs as a genre that exercises a social action, evidencing its formal, structural and pragmatic characteristics from the notion of recurrence and rhetoric in a discursive-semiotic perspective. The methodological postulates adopted by this research are considered of qualitative basis in the sense that they are not restricted to looking at the discursive events as a product, but mainly they take into consideration a group of situational, cultural and ideologic factors that are present in the constitution of genre.

O Gênero requerimento na perspectiva sociorretórica: análise da produção de graduandos no ambiente acadêmico-administrativo da UFRN

In administrative settings of public institutions, many activities are conducted through writing practices. Concerning this, writing is always connected to an activity we intend to perform. Among those practices, the genre request consists of an instrument through which the requirer addresses to an institution in order to request something under the support of legislation. Considering our work experience in a public institution of higher education, we elected - as object of our research - the genre request produced by undergraduates within the administrative domain of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) due to its importance in this context. For this, the theoretical framework adopted refers to the socio-rethorical conception of genre studies, which understands the genre as forms as rhetorically typified action (MILLER, 2009a; SWALES, 1990; BAZERMAN, 2009). Regarding methodology, it is a research associated to a qualitative approach (BODGAN; BIKLEN, 1994; CHIZZOTTI, 2010) whose discussion inserts into the field of Applied Linguistics. The data were generated from samples of requests and their users replies in questionnaires, interviews and verbal protocols of writing. The data analysis is based on the ethnographic methods of genre analysis postulated by Devitt, Reiff and Bawarshi (apud JOHNS et al., 2006). These analyses indicated that the requests are not always fully accomplished due to a lack of comprehension about the genre and its rhetorical situation on the part of the producers. It must probably happen - among other reasons - because these students may not have understood that several factors, such as: context, audience and purpose, affect the text production. We believe that one possibility to make the practice of this genre more efficient is to develop a more simple and practical way of elaborating requests, taking the needs imposed by the rhetorical situation as a basis

O ensaio jornalístico na revista Veja: uma análise multidimensional

This work has as objective generality to make a multidimensional analysis in the genre journalistic assay, communicative genre that, beyond complex and multimodal, presents hybrid characteristics. Specifically, with the intention to propose defining criteria of the cited genre, this research looks for to establish differences and similarities between the assay and other genres of the same sphere, from the description and interpretation of used multimodal resources. The analysis of the formal, schematical and rhetorical resources identified in the formatting of the journalistic assay sample that the analyses are supported in the socio-semiotic and socio-rhetorical approaches. In the formal dimension, we contemplate elements that constitute design of the text, including the forms of representation from the typography, the colors, images, as well as the aspects communicative-linguistics: the modalization indices, the communicative operators and the category time; in the schematical dimension, we present the organizational structure, considering the rhetorical movements postulates for Swales (1990) and in the rhetorical dimension we observe the categories: who writes, for who it writes, on what it writes and where writes. The adopted methodologicals postulates are of qualitative nature and the procedure is documentary, data that in we are valid them written texts of this genre as analysis object. Corpus it is constituted by a composed sample for 14 extracted texts of a set of 173 propagated journalistic assays weekly for the magazine Veja, in the period between August of 2004 and January of 2008. The analysis of the data showed that the journalistic assay, object of this study, materializes through multiple symbolic representations and multiple subjects that turn since a small episode of the daily facts of great social relevance in the present time, of historical and cultural nature, nationwide or international. Used for the first time by Montaigne in 1580, to assign, in saying of the proper author, written fast on its life and historical events, which could nor be remembered later , the term `assay' was enriched with other specifications, of form to enclose the one that if they call scientific assay today, academic assay, journalistic assay and other types of specific assays. These denominations have to see with the enrollment of the members of diverse of practices communities, in virtue of the multiplicity of activities carried through in these spheres. The conclusions the one that we arrive had been the following ones: 1. the discursive genre is not a pure entity, in virtue of the multiplicity of situations where the sorts if insert in the social actions; 2. the institutions define the configuration of one definitive genre, also its proper assignment, since for backwards of all discursive genre a voice exists to discipline - institutional voice, and in the case of the assays for analyzed us, the institutional voice if it presents, really, as a defining trace; 3. the journalistic assay, for its multiple symbolic representations, multiple subjects and for passing explicit or implicit opinions of its author, resembles it other genres, being able, therefore, to be inserted in a colony of opinionatives genres