O Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola - PNBE: da gestão ao leitor na educação infantil de Natal-RN

This study aims to investigate the process of implementation of Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola, PNBE, and the reader's training on Childhood Education level in Natal. The promotion of literary reading is the opportunity of inclusion in a world that is connected to citizenship, to human rights and social justice, because the reading is the way which gives meaning to the life and, therefore, it is a right for everybody. The study is characterized as a qualitative research with evaluative approach. The methodological procedure that constitutes this corpus took place in three stages: the first one was about the analysis of laws and documents of national public policies for the reading promotion; questionnaires were applied by Managing Committee - Natal/RN to CMEIs and the available websites from MEC that provide distribution of the acquis; in the second stage, we adopted the semi-structured interview as a methodological procedure elaborated with open questions that focus on the program management and to the acquis of PNBE; and in the third step we visited the 21 centers of childhood education in Natal for interviewing and to do the exploratory observation in places of reading. The Informant actors in this research are: the advisors of SME - Natal and FNDE, managers and teachers in Municipal Childhood Education Centers who totalize 30 informants. This theoretical and methodological framework follows the studies of Amarilha (1993; 1994; 2002; 2006; 2010; 2012), Bardin (2001), Bogdan; Biklen (1994), Castro (2007; 2008; 2012), Demo (2000; 2006; 2008), Fischer (2006), Moreira; Caleffe (2008), Paiva (2008; 2012), Secchi (2010; 2012), Soares (2003; 2008) and Zilberman (2001; 2003; 2008). The analysis indicates that decentralization strategy which is adopted in public management model will transfer responsibilities and assumption of the PNBE, exempting the actors to planning actions ensuring the efficiency and efficacy implementation on reading policy to national and municipal levels. The qualified acquis that is distributed by MEC reaches every Childhood Education center and does not depend on teacher's desire or it action, only a few of them know about it and they do not have information about the PNBE, neither receive specific training in order to articulate it to the practice of reading with children from Childhood Education. The reading project implemented by private education system in Natal overlaps the PNBE, making it invisible. The reading places that are available for that schooling stage are summarized to the reading corners. In some CMEI, books remain stored in boxes or they are locked in the closet, out of use to the teachers and students. Thus, care for the acquisition, selecting acquis, and a preoccupation to the supply of the reading and books for this education level are lost into volumes of closed boxes, teachers are jettisoned to this process and children do not have any enchantment to the reading or books. In this context, this paper draws attention to how much we should still investigate in order to understanding the perspectives, stresses and challenges from public policies for the reading promotion in our country. We hope that the research will help to improve the management model of the PNBE, ensuring the reading democratization and therefore the reader's training in early Childhood Education.

O Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola - PNBE: da gestão ao leitor na educação infantil de Natal-RN

This study aims to investigate the process of implementation of Programa Nacional Biblioteca da Escola, PNBE, and the reader's training on Childhood Education level in Natal. The promotion of literary reading is the opportunity of inclusion in a world that is connected to citizenship, to human rights and social justice, because the reading is the way which gives meaning to the life and, therefore, it is a right for everybody. The study is characterized as a qualitative research with evaluative approach. The methodological procedure that constitutes this corpus took place in three stages: the first one was about the analysis of laws and documents of national public policies for the reading promotion; questionnaires were applied by Managing Committee - Natal/RN to CMEIs and the available websites from MEC that provide distribution of the acquis; in the second stage, we adopted the semi-structured interview as a methodological procedure elaborated with open questions that focus on the program management and to the acquis of PNBE; and in the third step we visited the 21 centers of childhood education in Natal for interviewing and to do the exploratory observation in places of reading. The Informant actors in this research are: the advisors of SME - Natal and FNDE, managers and teachers in Municipal Childhood Education Centers who totalize 30 informants. This theoretical and methodological framework follows the studies of Amarilha (1993; 1994; 2002; 2006; 2010; 2012), Bardin (2001), Bogdan; Biklen (1994), Castro (2007; 2008; 2012), Demo (2000; 2006; 2008), Fischer (2006), Moreira; Caleffe (2008), Paiva (2008; 2012), Secchi (2010; 2012), Soares (2003; 2008) and Zilberman (2001; 2003; 2008). The analysis indicates that decentralization strategy which is adopted in public management model will transfer responsibilities and assumption of the PNBE, exempting the actors to planning actions ensuring the efficiency and efficacy implementation on reading policy to national and municipal levels. The qualified acquis that is distributed by MEC reaches every Childhood Education center and does not depend on teacher's desire or it action, only a few of them know about it and they do not have information about the PNBE, neither receive specific training in order to articulate it to the practice of reading with children from Childhood Education. The reading project implemented by private education system in Natal overlaps the PNBE, making it invisible. The reading places that are available for that schooling stage are summarized to the reading corners. In some CMEI, books remain stored in boxes or they are locked in the closet, out of use to the teachers and students. Thus, care for the acquisition, selecting acquis, and a preoccupation to the supply of the reading and books for this education level are lost into volumes of closed boxes, teachers are jettisoned to this process and children do not have any enchantment to the reading or books. In this context, this paper draws attention to how much we should still investigate in order to understanding the perspectives, stresses and challenges from public policies for the reading promotion in our country. We hope that the research will help to improve the management model of the PNBE, ensuring the reading democratization and therefore the reader's training in early Childhood Education.

Ética da alimentação: porque devemos, segundo Kant, escolher uma alimentação adequada e saudável

This thesis proposes the adoption of a practical and philosophic approach to the discussion about what should be a healthy food, in view of the actual problems concerning this subject (from famine to obesity), which affect food and nutritional security and constitute target of many official policies. In order to handle this task, this work resorts to ethic, pedagogical and anthropological concepts inherent to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy, as valuable contributions to the practice of the professional nutritionist committed to the support and accomplishment of the human right to adequate nutrition (DHAA). Under this assumption, it intends to surpass the prevailing idea inside the social programs and policies favoring the utilitarian argument. It considers rather that a healthy food is also a duty of virtue, according to the Kantian duties to one-self. The liberation of transgenic seeds in Brazil comes up as an example of the violation of the right to food security and affects it negatively, resulting from the conflict between politics and moral faced by the Brazilian government. This paper concludes that DHAA realization requires not only a committed state, but also committed citizens and suggests that Kant’s philosophy should offer important contributions to supporting the practice of the professional nutritionist, awarding him the necessary information about this matter.

Ética da alimentação: porque devemos, segundo Kant, escolher uma alimentação adequada e saudável

This thesis proposes the adoption of a practical and philosophic approach to the discussion about what should be a healthy food, in view of the actual problems concerning this subject (from famine to obesity), which affect food and nutritional security and constitute target of many official policies. In order to handle this task, this work resorts to ethic, pedagogical and anthropological concepts inherent to Immanuel Kant’s philosophy, as valuable contributions to the practice of the professional nutritionist committed to the support and accomplishment of the human right to adequate nutrition (DHAA). Under this assumption, it intends to surpass the prevailing idea inside the social programs and policies favoring the utilitarian argument. It considers rather that a healthy food is also a duty of virtue, according to the Kantian duties to one-self. The liberation of transgenic seeds in Brazil comes up as an example of the violation of the right to food security and affects it negatively, resulting from the conflict between politics and moral faced by the Brazilian government. This paper concludes that DHAA realization requires not only a committed state, but also committed citizens and suggests that Kant’s philosophy should offer important contributions to supporting the practice of the professional nutritionist, awarding him the necessary information about this matter.

Escravo moderno em discurso: figuras de ação e ação em discurso nas representações do agir humano

This work has as object of study a social practice: modern slavery of workers in the sugar cane, and aims to present a reflection on maintenance, eradication or modification of this practice. This reflection bases itself upon the concepts of discourse advocated by Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2001, 2003, 2006 and Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999) associated with Sociodiscursive Interactionism (Bronckart, 1999, 2006, 2008), and the concept of action figures, proposed by Bulea (2010). We follow the five steps outlined in Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999): a) emphasis on a social problem, b) introduction and discussion of obstacles to tackle the problem, c) considerations concern the problem in practice d) identifying possible ways to past the obstacles, and e) reflection about the analyst role within the problem. In order to achieve step (b) in its discourse materiality axis, it has been identified the thematic content, discourse types, enunciative mechanisms and action figures of testimonials of sugar cane workers and other subjects involved with the problem in the documentaries Bagaço (2006, and Tabuleiro de Cana, Xadrez de Cativeiro (2006). These documentaries bring to the screen a little of sugar cane workers reality within an overexploitation, human rights disrespects and forced work. The analysis of textual/discursive aspects of testimonials has shown the ways in which the (de)construction of the representation of sugar cane action allows understanding of how the problem emerges and how it is rooted in the organization of social life. The general result of this reflection point to the internalization of social practices deep-rooted in evaluations of the sugar cane worker subjective world and from social world values, opinions and rules. The results also show that, in their discourse, workers assume their slavery sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously, but only suggest a reaction against the oppression imposed on them because they have internalized and naturalized their enslavement.

Escravo moderno em discurso: figuras de ação e ação em discurso nas representações do agir humano

This work has as object of study a social practice: modern slavery of workers in the sugar cane, and aims to present a reflection on maintenance, eradication or modification of this practice. This reflection bases itself upon the concepts of discourse advocated by Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough, 2001, 2003, 2006 and Chouliaraki; Fairclough, 1999) associated with Sociodiscursive Interactionism (Bronckart, 1999, 2006, 2008), and the concept of action figures, proposed by Bulea (2010). We follow the five steps outlined in Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999): a) emphasis on a social problem, b) introduction and discussion of obstacles to tackle the problem, c) considerations concern the problem in practice d) identifying possible ways to past the obstacles, and e) reflection about the analyst role within the problem. In order to achieve step (b) in its discourse materiality axis, it has been identified the thematic content, discourse types, enunciative mechanisms and action figures of testimonials of sugar cane workers and other subjects involved with the problem in the documentaries Bagaço (2006, and Tabuleiro de Cana, Xadrez de Cativeiro (2006). These documentaries bring to the screen a little of sugar cane workers reality within an overexploitation, human rights disrespects and forced work. The analysis of textual/discursive aspects of testimonials has shown the ways in which the (de)construction of the representation of sugar cane action allows understanding of how the problem emerges and how it is rooted in the organization of social life. The general result of this reflection point to the internalization of social practices deep-rooted in evaluations of the sugar cane worker subjective world and from social world values, opinions and rules. The results also show that, in their discourse, workers assume their slavery sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously, but only suggest a reaction against the oppression imposed on them because they have internalized and naturalized their enslavement.

O direito penal do inimigo na atualidade: Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty – MLAT, em matéria penal, celebrado entre a República Federativa do Brasil e os Estados Unidos da América bem como seus reflexos na jurisdição brasileira

In view of the climate of instability and deep social inequalities, it has been evident in the Brazilian reality, a new way to punish systematic already developed and consolidated in other countries, in which, among other things, the criminality is anticipated only by danger that the individual sports. It appears, therefore, that the theory developed by Günter Jakobs, nominated Criminal Law of the Enemy, became subtly inserted in the Brazilian reality as well as in international relations signed. In this sense, the Brazilian State, in order to carry out the international legal cooperation in the criminal field, signed a mutual assistance agreement with the government of the United States of America. Forward the conclusion of Mutual legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT), the signatory countries voiced a desire to cooperate in order to facilitate the implementation of tasks of the authorities responsible for law enforcement in both countries, comprising research, investigation, prosecution and prevention of crime, said internalized adjustment in the Brazilian legal system by means of Decree No. 3810 of 02 May 2001. Alongside these considerations, the present study aims to analyze the Criminal law of the Enemy today, seeking to find evidence of that theory in the MLAT, international legal cooperation instrument signed between the government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the government of the United States of America. Moreover, it has the objective to describe its effects on the Brazilian jurisdiction, especially as concerns the relativity and the suppression of human rights. Once done the introit, analysis will be carried out in the first chapter, on the definition and main features of the theory of Criminal Enemy of the law, it is imperative to approach the humanistic aspect that preceded the theory as well as the dealings given to some controversial issues surrounding it, such as the anticipation of the enemy's punishment and the disproportionality of the penalties imposed. In the second chapter will present the conceptual assumptions, historical evolution and the positives aspects, as well as the barriers and the pursuit of effectiveness of international legal cooperation. In the chapter, bedroom effective analysis of specific modality of cooperation will be held, the Mutual legal Assistance Treaty - MLAT in criminal matters, signed between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the United States of America, in which the general aspects will be addressed and the MLAT reflections on the Brazilian jurisdiction, which includes analysis about the relativity or suppression of human rights, future trends and creating stricter laws, followed by the presentation of the seized conclusion on the subject, in which, among other approaches, will be voiced understanding about the unconstitutionality certain service requests that, from these, there is the bad use of the agreed instrument.

A Fraternidade como categoria política: princípio anunciado na educação brasileira

This dissertation has had the goal of understanding and discussing how the fraternity category is presented in the main Brazilian education laws after the promulgation of the 1988 Federal Constitution. The systematization of a theoretical base about the fraternity category in its relation with de Brazilian education regulatory landmarks has allowed the proposition of elements of this category. The process of building the theoretical references of this research was written from a historical recuperation of the French Revolution, taking into account the triad of its main principles, “liberty, equality, and fraternity”, as civic and political values. Likewise, the Haitian Revolution was considered because of the symbolic role this revolution played on the concretization of the triad through the slave and black people’s struggle whose aims were both participation in the colony’s power positions and in the abolishing of slavery. The modernity and post modernity issues, as well as the concepts of citizenship and human rights, are also took as theoretical references in order to identify characteristics and connections of each one of those themes and concepts with the fraternity as a political category. This analysis has allowed the elaboration and systematization of the fraternity category and its constitutive elements: the universality which is directly connected to the local and regional issues; the mondialization as a counter-argument to the globalization which is seen exclusively in its economic dimension; the participative democracy as alternative way to the representative democracy; the “alteridade” (a kind of altruism) due to its specific way to recognize the other one as someone pretty much like me; and the diversity which consider the multicultural perspective and the necessity of building unity. It was possible to identify that the first two elements of the triad, liberty and equality, were the most import ones over the so called modernity period when the triad was put in the second place or only in its religious dimension. The post modernity, in turn, has brought to light the fraternity due to its constitutive elements. It was also possible to highlight the citizenship as a modernity landmark and the human rights as an idea marked by the fraternity and directly linked with the post modernity. From this theoretical frame it was made an analysis of the legal instruments that organize and regulate the Brazilian education: the 1998 Federal Constitution; the Statute for Children and Adolescents; the National Brazilian Education Law; and the National Education Plan. All these legal instruments were discussed based on their relation with the fraternity as a political category and through the identification of its main constitutive elements. The methodological way was put into practice mainly through the qualitative dimension, especially the Bardin’s content analysis. The dissertation has permitted to emphasize that the fraternity as political category was not a forgotten principle in the Brazilian education legislation, but a principle not formally and textually declared yet.

Do reconhecimento à efetividade do direito fundamental à água: diálogos entre Nicarágua e Brasil

La humanidad está en un periodo de transición paradigmática, donde aún no existe acuerdo sobre en cual periodo nos encuadramos, sí modernidad o posmodernidad, pero el debate de ahí surgido se revela útil y transversal a los dilemas que enfrenta hoy la sociedad. Uno de esos dilemas tiene que ver con el reconocimiento del agua como derecho fundamental, ciertamente la era de la información ha permitido avanzar en armar el rompecabezas de la crisis hídrica mundial y sus riesgos, lo que ha develado una realidad importante, el acceso al agua tanto en naciones económicamente desarrolladas como en las menos desarrolladas constituye aun una aspiración, son varias las causas de esto, siendo una de las más comunes la atribuida al cambio climático, sin embargo, al profundizar en la materia surgen otras causas como la falta de voluntad política a nivel nacional, los intereses económicos que dan al agua tratamiento de mercancía y a nivel internacional la existencia de luces y sombras en el campo de los derechos humanos, estas constituyen las piezas del mencionado rompecabezas, aun por armar. Mientras tanto el Derecho tiene aquí un desafío de significativa importancia, adaptarse a fin de responder adecuadamente a las nuevas realidades: riesgos de diversas índoles. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo defender la existencia del derecho fundamental al agua en el ordenamiento jurídico brasileño y nicaragüense, comparando instrumentos que puedan asegurar su efectividad. Para la realización de este trabajo se utilizó un abordaje inductivo-comparativo, fuentes bibliográficas brasileñas, nicaragüenses y de países con experiencias relevantes para la comprensión del problema y que pudieran aportar propuestas de cara al reconocimiento y efectivación del derecho fundamental al agua. Este trabajo encontró que existen ambigüedades importantes en el campo del Derecho Humano al Agua motivadas por el trabajo de agencias que defienden el derecho pero a la vez establecen coordinaciones y normativas con quienes impulsan su privatización, fue posible presentar elementos que apoyan la fundamentalidad del derecho al agua desde un punto de vista material y de vinculación con otros derechos fundamentales, pero preocupa en el caso de Brasil y Nicaragua el poco avance jurisprudencial de cara al reconocimiento y finalmente la atribución de la crisis hídrica en muchos casos a la incertidumbre climática, cuando uno de los principales desafíos se encuentra en la explotación comercial del agua.

Serviço Social Escolar em Portugal

O Serviço Social Escolar é um campo de acção que ao longo de quase 40 anos tem uma trajectória significativa, tendo sofrido algumas vicissitudes no seu percurso influenciado pelo contexto social político e económico e pelas relações Estado/Mercado. Este estudo vai no sentido de fazer uma análise ao processo de institucionalização do Serviço Social Escolar em Portugal nas décadas de 60 e 70, em que se privilegiam as trajectórias e dinâmicas da prática profissional das Assistentes Sociais na área da Educação, ao nível dos ensinos primários, preparatórios e secundários, e mais especificamente da prática profissional das Assistentes Sociais do Ministério da Educação, da Zona Centro do País. Está dividido em duas partes fundamentais, acompanhando a primeira de1960 até 1974 e a segunda parte após o período da Revolução de 25 de Abril de 1974 até ao período de Normalização Democrática de 1976 a 1980. Procura-se apreender e compreender a relação entre o Serviço Social, políticas sociais, de acção social escolar, a sociedade portuguesa, as correntes de pensamento e as influências que se fizeram sentir no Serviço Social Escolar, identificando problemas e posicionamentos das Assistentes Sociais na dinâmica sócio-histórico e no Instituto de Acção Social Escolar, nos períodos em análise. Com este trabalho pretende-se abrir o debate sobre este campo de acção na actualidade e restituir ao Serviço Social Escolar o papel fundamental de mediador nos processos de regulação no campo da educação, num trabalho em parceria e numa transversalidade de competências e saberes com todos os parceiros da comunidade educativa e com a sociedade em geral, na defesa pelos direitos humanos e ampliação do estatuto de cidadania, por uma escola para todos e de qualidade.

Sexualidade e Diversidade Sexual na Formação em Serviço Social nos cursos de 1º Ciclo no Instituto Superior Miguel Torga e na Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra

O presente trabalho de investigação, Sexualidade e Diversidade Sexual na Formação em Serviço Social nos cursos de 1º ciclo no Instituto Superior Miguel Torga (ISMT) e na Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra (FPCEUC) foi realizado no âmbito do VI Curso de Mestrado em Serviço Social. As razões deste trabalho residem no facto de não existirem em Portugal trabalhos desta natureza e, por persistirem os preconceitos, estereótipos, discriminação e exclusão em relação à população cuja orientação sexual não se pauta pela “norma” da heterossexualidade. Propôs-se investigar em que medida os alunos da licenciatura em Serviço Social das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) em Coimbra, futuros Assistentes Sociais, são informados sobre os problemas decorrentes das questões de discriminação relativamente à população cuja orientação sexual não se pauta pela dita norma e, são sensibilizados para trabalhar com a população LGBT e seus movimentos. Constituíam-se como objectivos específicos, analisar o lugar atribuído à sexualidade e à diversidade sexual na formação em Serviço Social partindo dos planos de estudos do ISMT e da FPCEUC; abordar os alunos de 1º ciclo quanto aos conhecimentos transmitidos, se contemplam e/ou problematizam temas relacionados com estas questões; proceder a um levantamento dos programas e bibliografia de disciplinas que abordem estas temáticas; auscultar as coordenadoras científicas destes cursos quanto às disciplinas existentes e à necessidade de abordar questões relacionadas com sexualidade e diversidade sexual; auscultar os alunos sobre a sua posição no que respeita à necessidade de introduzir e/ou desenvolver esta componente da formação e analisar as suas atitudes perante a diversidade sexual, étnica, racial, entre outras. Recorreu-se à análise documental, método da entrevista para as coordenadoras científicas e inquérito por questionário a todos os estudantes que frequentavam estas licenciaturas. No que respeita às unidades curriculares(UC) o curso do ISMT apresenta-se com um maior número na área científica do Serviço Social cujos conteúdos programáticos incluem temas sobre questões de discriminação, sexualidade e diversidade sexual tendo inclusive a UC Educação para a Saúde e Sexualidade. No entanto, ainda são incipientes uma vez que não se dirigem especificamente para as questões da discriminação em função da orientação sexual. A bibliografia integra obras sobre promoção de igualdade, direitos humanos e sexualidade mas não obras especializadas. Segundo os resultados do inquérito, 87,7% dos alunos consideraram a necessidade de introduzir uma componente que aborde as questões de diversidade sexual/orientação sexual na formação em Serviço Social de modo a melhorarem e aprofundarem os seus conhecimentos. No entanto, constatou-se que alguns alunos têm atitudes de discriminação manifestando sentimentos de ódio para com cidadãos portadores de deficiência (7,6%), para com muçulmanos (6,8%), 7,6% face aos ciganos, 6,1% perante negros e, tanto para pessoas árabes como homossexuais 8,4% dos inquiridos. Para as coordenadoras destes cursos de 1º ciclo, as questões associadas à sexualidade não são fundamentais na formação de futuros Assistentes Sociais.

Pobreza Infantil: o Rendimento Social de Inserção como medida protetora da infância em contexto de pobreza e em risco de negligência no concelho de Albergaria-a-Velha

A pobreza infantil é reconhecida, na comunidade científico, como um problema social grave que viola os direitos das crianças, sendo este um fator favorável à vulnerabilização e à possibilidade de ocorrência de casos de negligência. Em consequência, esta fundamenta-se pela necessidade de intervenções, que a par de medidas de proteção social do Estado, em particular o Rendimento Social de Inserção (RSI), potenciem o desempenho de funções parentais protetoras. Por conseguinte, definiu-se como principal objetivo analisar a relação e/ou influência da medida do RSI sobre as funções parentais (des) protetoras no contexto da pobreza infantil em 15 crianças (dos 0 aos 6 anos), assim como compreender os domínios do seu bem-estar a partir dos Reports card`s da UNICEF. A investigação decorreu no concelho de Albergaria-a-Velha entre os meses de fevereiro a julho de 2013. A metodologia utilizada foi o método qualitativo de natureza exploratória cujos dados foram recolhidos através de dois inquéritos dirigidos às 11 famílias abrangidas pelo estudo e aos respetivos técnicos. A análise dos dados permitiu retirar as principais conclusões destacando-se que o Bem-estar Material e Habitacional das crianças encontram-se comprometidos, uma vez que, os rendimentos médios das famílias estudadas são inferiores ao salário mínimo nacional, o RSI a principal fonte de rendimentos, a maioria dos agregados beneficiam, para além deste, de apoios económicos, quatro famílias estão identificadas como pobreza intergeracional projeta-se para a maioria, a continuidade da “dependência” dos serviços de ação social. Perante estes dados as crianças podem vivenciar privações ou carências múltiplas. Constatou-se falta de privacidade e de conforto habitacional apesar das melhorias significativas nesta dimensão. Na dimensão do Bem-estar Saúde e Segurança enquadra-se a negligência, deste modo, as praticas parentais de risco/negligência foram distribuídas pelos níveis “baixo, moderado e elevado”, apurou-se que em 6 agregados apenas um pratica uma parentalidade não protetora; para os restantes consideramos que o RSI contribui para atenuar a intensidade do stress parental face às privações económicas. / Child poverty is recognized in the scientific community as a serious social problem, which goes against the rights of children. It is a favorable factor to their increasing vulnerability and to the possibility of occurrence of negligence. It is based on the need of interventions that measures social protection of the Goverment through the Social Insertion Income (SII), potentiate the protective performance of parental functions. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship and / or influence of SII on parental protective functions in the context of child poverty in 15 children (aged 0 to 6 years), as well as understand the areas of their welfare according to the UNICEF Report Card’s. The research took place in the Municipality of Albergaria-a-Velha between the months February to July 2013. The used methodology was the qualitative method with exploratory contours and the data collected through two questionnaires surveys directed to the 11 families and Technicians. The information analysis led us to the main conclusions that the children’s Welfare Material and Housing are compromised, since the average yield of the families studied are lower than the minimum national wage, the RSI is the main source of income that most households benefit, in addition to this economic support the continuous "dependency" of social services is projected for the future and four families are identified as intergenerational poverty. Based on these facts the children can experience multiple disadvantage or deprivation. According to the housing conditions it was found lack of privacy and comfort, although exists significant improvements in this dimension. In the dimension of Wellbeing Health and Safety fits negligence, in this way the parental practice of risk / negligence were distributed by the levels of "low, moderate and high", it was found that only one of eight cases do not practice a protective parenting, for the remaining households we consider that the SII contributes to mitigate the intensity of the parental stress against the economic deprivation.

Cuidados Paliativos em Portugal na Perspectiva de Assistentes Sociais

O contexto demográfico e epidemiológico hodierno traz à luz a fulcral relevância dos cuidados paliativos de qualidade acessíveis para todos. Pela importância que o serviço social assume na defesa da garantia dos direitos humanos, com uma ação direta nestes cuidados, o presente estudo pretendeu analisar os cuidados paliativos na perspectiva de assistentes sociais, tendo em conta o atual contexto das políticas sociais e de saúde. Optou-se por uma investigação quanti e qualitativa, através de um inquérito por questionário dirigido a todas as unidades/equipas de cuidados paliativos identificadas no território nacional (Portugal Continental e Regiões Autónomas), com assistentes sociais. A amostra foi constituida por 17 profissionais de serviço social, na sua maioria mulheres (94,1%), com idades entre os 25 e os 57 anos, a exercer a profissão há 5,5 anos, em média, na área dos cuidados paliativos. Os resultados do estudo mostram-nos que os assistentes sociais estão inseridos em 86,36% das unidades/equipas, sendo estas maioritamente de natureza pública. Os profissionais mais frequentes na constituição das equipas são o médico, enfermeiro, assistente social e psicólogo. Todos ou quase todos têm formação específica na área, tendo a maioria apoio para formação continuada. As condições de trabalho atuais foram alvo de uma avaliação desfavorável por parte da amostra. Estes profissionais perspectivam o acesso a estes cuidados como sendo pouco equitativos, apontam a falta quer de estruturas que cubram geograficamente todo o país, quer de recursos humanos adequados, não esquecendo a ausência de regulamentação da atividade laboral dos profissionais nos cuidados paliativos. É exigido ao assistente social uma intervenção baseada no cumprimento de objetivos que apresentem resultados rápidos, o que tem vindo a dificultar uma intervenção eficaz desde a admissão até ao encaminhamento do doente para continuidade de cuidados. A presente investigação oferece um contributo para a produção de conhecimento capaz de evidenciar as transformações que têm vindo a ocorrer na prática dos profissionais permitindo contribuir para a reflexão sobre os contextos e processos de intervenção, assim como sobre a promoção do direito aos cuidados paliativos de qualidade em Portugal. / The current demographic and epidemiological context highlights the crucial importance of quality palliative care accessible for all. The importance that social work assumes in the defense of human rights guarantees, with a direct action on these care, this study aims to analyze the palliative care from the perspective of social workers, taking into account the current context of social and health policies. We chosed a quantitative and qualitative research through a questionnaire addressed to the universe of the palliative care institutions identified in the national territory (Portugal’s mainland and the Autonomous Regions), with social workers. The sample has 17 social work professionals, mostly women (94.1%), aged between 25 and 57 years. They work as a social worker for 5.5 years on average in the area of care palliative. The results of the study show us that social workers are included in 86.36% of the units / teams, wich are mostly public services. The most frequent professionals in the teams are the doctor, nurse, social worker and psychologist. All or almost all have specific training in the area, and the majority has institutional support for continuing training. Current conditions of work have received an unfavorable evaluation by the participants. The inquired considered access to palliative care as being inequitable, or point to a lack of structures that geographically cover the whole country, whether adequate human resources, not to mention the lack of regulation of the activity of professionals working in palliative care. An intervention based on the achievement of goals that have quick results, which have been a difficulty for an effective intervention from the admission to the referral of the patient for continuity of care is required of the social worker. This research offers a contribution to knowledge production, able to highlight the changes that have taken place in professional practice, allowing to contribute to the reflection about the contexts and processes of intervention as well as on the promotion of the right to quality palliative care of in Portugal.

Inclusão de estudantes com necessidades especiais no ensino superior

Desde a exclusão social vivida pelas pessoas portadoras de deficiência nas civilizações da Antiguidade até ao conceito de Inclusão, têm-se registado inúmeras transformações sociais e políticas, relacionadas com a luta pela igualdade de oportunidades e pelo cumprimento dos Direitos Humanos das mesmas. Também ao nível da Educação estas mudanças são visíveis. Atualmente, é dada uma maior importância ao Ensino Especial e promove-se a Escola Inclusiva, tendo esta evolução possibilitado o gradual aumento do número de estudantes universitários com Necessidades Especiais. A Educação Inclusiva tende a estender-se até ao Ensino Superior, mas continuam a verificar-se ainda situações de isolamento, discriminação e preconceito. Com o presente trabalho, apresenta-se um projeto de construção de um contexto de Inclusão, Participação e Autodeterminação, desenvolvido na Universidade de Aveiro, em conjunto com um grupo de alunos com Necessidades Especiais.

ASPECTOS DE ACESSIBILIDADE DO GOVERNO ELETRÔNICO: Avaliação de portais web com ênfase em portadores de deficiência visual

A tecnologia democratizou o acesso à informação, a competitividade das empresas do século XXI cada dia mais se baseia em conhecimento e as gestões das ações da administração pública ampliam a busca por um sistema coordenado, preocupado com a gestão eficiente que possa maximizar o retorno social, levando-se em consideração os direitos humanos fundamentais na esfera das relações informáticas. A administração pública avança em seus processos de aproximação com a sociedade, pautando-se cada dia mais nos benefícios proporcionados pela evolução dos processos de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), os serviços disponibilizados pelo governo eletrônico vêm ganhando espaço na vida da população (G2C). Diante desta evolução os aspectos de acessibilidade são uma diretriz clara e o Decreto Lei nº 5.296, define como barreiras nas comunicações e informações “qualquer entrave ou obstáculo que dificulte ou impossibilite a expressão ou o recebimento de mensagens por intermédio dos dispositivos, meios ou sistemas de comunicação, sejam ou não de massa, bem como aqueles que dificultem ou impossibilitem o acesso à informação; “ (BRASIL 2004).  Após mais de 10 anos de promulgação da lei de Acessibilidade, é evidente que a qualidade dos serviços prestados pelo governo eletrônico só será efetiva se o instrumento de comunicação utilizado for realmente o facilitador da interação entre o cidadão e o governo, sem distinção do público utilizador de tais serviços. Esta pesquisa pretende avaliar aspectos de acessibilidade dos principais portais públicos brasileiros, sob a ótica de pessoas com limitação visual, avaliando ações, atividades e iniciativas conforme a abordagem da Engenharia Semiótica em prol das tecnologias assistivas de inclusão, permitindo a recomendação de requisitos para a construção de Portais Web Acessíveis em Multiplataforma, favorecendo a inclusão digital e maior independência dos mesmos.