Annaes do Parlamento Brazileiro. Tomo IV [1877]

Anais do Parlamento Brasileiro, 1877.

Francisco Oliveira, Paolo Fedeli, Delfim Leão (edd.), O Romance Antigo. Origens de um género Literário, Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra–Università degli Studi di Bari, 2005, 281 pp. [ISBN 972- 9057-21-4]

Resumo indisponível.

Effect of temperature on genomic and some biological indices during embryonic and larval development of Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877

Since 1966 especially recent decade, Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877) considered as a strategic endemic species for Caspian Sea fisheries resources also coldwater aquaculture in Iran. Nowadays habitat condition effects on this subspecies during life stages, artificial breeding and incubation period noticed by research and execution sessions of fisheries in Iran. Incubation duration of Caspian trout from artificial fertilization followed by green egg and eyed egg, hatching and yolk sac absorption identified as most sensitive stages for fish and any pollution, stress and deviation by natural life conditions of embryo up to larvae could provide possible mortalities and observable or hidden alterations. Among all vital factors for Caspian trout welfare even in conservation plans and stocks rehabilitation programs or recent attempts for domestication of this fish for introduction to cold water aquaculture industry, water temperature as the most important physical factor which might conserve or induce stress to rearing environment condition is not considered yet. In hatcheries activities, the temperature for incubation and rearing Caspian trout eggs is determining by available water temperature and wide range of temperatures in governmental or private farms is using depend on the water resources availability. Also global climate change consideration and increase temperature trend accompany with group of physical and chemical factors provided by fish farm discharges and other source points entered to the migration pathway of Caspian trout in spawning season were not investigated before. Natural spawning migration pathway is upstream of Caspian tout south and south west rivers especially in Cheshmehkileh upstream in Tonekabon, Iran directed this research focus on the mentioned location. For simulation of natural spawning bed for Caspian trout, water supplied from the upstream of Daryasar branch as headwater of Cheshmehkileh River which provided REDD water condition for in vitro incubation. Green eggs treatments of wild and F1 cultured brooders both 3+ were incubated. Incubation implemented in dark, constant temperature (4, 8, 12 degree centigrade) and DO–pH–temperature digital monitoring in 3 recycling incubators ended to yolk sac absorption and entering larval stage. Hatching success, possible genome alterations by HSP70 gene expression and comet assay implemented as diagnostic tools in 3 life stages of eyed egg– Alevin and Larvae. Numbers and diameters of larvae white fiber muscles measured by histology experiment and Hematoxylin–eosine staining. Results stated significant effect of incubation temperature on hatching success, genome and white fiber muscles of wild and F1 samples. Hatching success measured as 31% and 38% for cultured and wild cold treatments, 79% and 91% for normal and 64% and 73% for warm cultured and wild treatments respectively. Considerable mortality occurred for cold treatment and 8 degree centigrade stated the best thermal condition in normal incubator according to hatching success in wild Caspian trout samples.

Dieta del “curil” Anadara tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1833) a partir del análisis de contenido estomacal e intestinal, en Bahía de Jiquilisco, Departamento de Usulután, El Salvador

En la costa de El Salvador, el “curil” (Anadara tuberculosa), constituyen una fuente importante de alimento, empleo y beneficios económicos para las personas que habitan en las cercanías de zonas costeras y estuarinas del país. Aunque ésta especie es reproducida artificialmente en el laboratorio de la Estación Acuícola de Producción de Moluscos de Puerto el Triunfo, Usulután, no existe información específica acerca de sus hábitos alimenticios en su hábitat natural para la región centroamericana. Por lo cual, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la composición específica de su dieta, a través del contenido estomacal e intestinal durante los meses de septiembre 2013 a enero 2014 en cuatro sitios de la Bahía de Jiquilisco, El Chile (EC), EL Jobal (EJ), Boca Los Lagartos (BL) e Isla Magueyal (IM). Se analizaron un total de 540 tractos digestivos de Anadara tuberculosa, obteniendo un total de 30,328 ítems alimenticios, en su mayoría correspondientes a 37 especies de diatomeas (95,91%), principalmente por los géneros Thalassiosira plicata (12,78%), Diploneis smithii (9,21%), Diploneis gruendleri (7,59%), Thalassiosira sp. (5,0%), Thalassionema nitzchioides (4,91%). Además, se aplicaron los índices de Levins (Bi=0,42) y Shannon-Wiener (H’=3,24), para amplitud y diversidad de dieta, respectivamente, indicando que esta especie se tipifica como especialista, debido a que presenta un espectro trófico diverso, dominado por pocas especies. Así mismo, se realizó un traslape de dieta de Morisita-Horn, en cuanto a rangos de tallas establecidos (menores de 4 cm, 4-5 cm y mayores de 5 cm), encontrando valores de Cλ=0,50 a 0,90, evidenciando que existe un traslape medio-alto en las especies filtradas por las diferentes tallas; así como también, para los sitios de muestreo se estimaron los índices de similitudes de Jaccard (Ij= 0,63-0,82) y Sorensen (Is= 0,72-0,90) indicando que no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a los ítems alimenticios encontrados en los tractos digestivos de A. tuberculosa para la Bahía de Jiquilisco.

Notes on Botrychium simplex, Hitchcock.

Mode of access: Internet.

‘DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF HIS RACE’: BLACK OFFICEHOLDERS AND THE POLITICAL CULTURE OF FREEDOM IN WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA, 1865-1877

This dissertation examines black officeholding in Wilmington, North Carolina, from emancipation in 1865 through 1876, when Democrats gained control of the state government and brought Reconstruction to an end. It considers the struggle for black office holding in the city, the black men who held office, the dynamic political culture of which they were a part, and their significance in the day-to-day lives of their constituents. Once they were enfranchised, black Wilmingtonians, who constituted a majority of the city’s population, used their voting leverage to negotiate the election of black men to public office. They did so by using Republican factionalism or what the dissertation argues was an alternative partisanship. Ultimately, it was not factional divisions, but voter suppression, gerrymandering, and constitutional revisions that made local government appointive rather than elective, Democrats at the state level chipped away at the political gains black Wilmingtonians had made.

El impacto del desarrollo del café en un territorio no cafetalero: Conformación del municipio de mozos de Colotenango en Guatemala, 1877-1947.

ResumenEste artículo analiza cómo un territorio mam en el marginal altiplano guatemalteco, Colotenango, se articuló en el siglo XIX con la economía liberal, como municipio de mozos para las fincas agroexportadoras de café ubicadas en la bocacosta. Siendo un territorio no apto para el cultivo del café, la política estatal de impulso de la economía vinculada a ese producto tuvo efectos devastadores para los municipios del altiplano indígena, como fue el caso de Colotenango. Especialmente, se explora el papel de la Municipalidad en el sistema agroexportador, sustrato de los permanentes conflictos jurisdiccionales que existen en la zona.AbstractThis article analyzes the way in which Colotenango, a mam territory in the impoverished Guatemalan highlands, became a part of the liberal economy in the nineteenth century by constituting a municipio de mozos for the coffee export plantations located in the coastal region. Since this land had traditionally been considered not apt for coffee-growing purposes, the governmental policy aimed at boosting the economy based on this product, had devastating effects on the municipalities of the indigenous highlands, such as the case of Colotenango. Particularly, this article delves into the role played by the Municipality in the agricultural export system, which became the essence of continuous jurisdictional conflicts in the region still present today.

Movimiento marítimo y líneas navieras en el puerto de Puntarenas. 1833-1935

Resumen A mediados del siglo XIX la economía de Costa Rica se consolidó como agroexportadora y la mayor parte del movimiento comercial de exportación e importación se movilizó por el puerto de Puntarenas. Despues de 1882, al entrar a funcionar el ferrocarril al atlántico, la actividad portuaria por Puntarenas disminuyó. Se analiza el número de embarcaciones que visitaron a Puntarenas  de 1883 a 1935 y el tonelaje respectivo. Asimismo, se ocupa de cuales líneas navieras y en qué condiciones brindaron regularmente servicio por ese puerto. Abstract By mid-19th Century, Costa Rica’s economy was firmly based on foreign trade and agricultural goods and most import and export trade was carried out through the port of Puntarenas. After 1882, when the Atlantic Railway began operations, port activity at Puntarenas declined. The number of vessels entering at Puntarenas between 1883 and 1935 and their respective tonnage is analyzed. The shipping lines serving the port and regularity of services they provided are also considered

Cotidianidad marginal. La lugbre y frugal vida al interior del lazareto general del Estado de Costa Rica (1833-1850)

Resumen Analiza la problemática, inherente a la asistencia de los internos del lazareto desde su fundación hasta 1845, asi como las diversas estrategias implementadas por los internos para sobrevivir. Abstract The author analizes the problems associated with the care of internees at the lepers asylum from its foundation until 1845,as well as the strategies implemented by the in ternees in order to survive.

Los protagonistas de la prensa (Los primeros escritores de periódicos costarricenses, 1833-1850

ResumenEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar a los primeros escritores de los periódicos costarricenses de la primera mitad del siglo XIX, como paso previo para estudiar el desarrollo de la prensa y la transmisión del pensamiento colectivamente, a través del material impreso y su impacto en la sociedad decimonónica.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze the main writers publishing in Costa Rican newspapers during the first half of the 19th century. This is a prior step for a discussion of the development of the press and the collective transmission of ideas by means of printed material, and of their impact of 19th century society.

La formación territorial de las fincas grandes de café en la meseta central: Estudio de la firma Tournon (1877-1955)

IntroducciónEs bien conocido que las naciones latinoamericanas se integraron definitivamente entre 1870 y 1914, al mercado mundial como economías exportadoras de bienes primarios. Como parte de este proceso, la economía de Costa Rica se vinculo al comercio internacional a través del café, y luego mediante la actividad bananera. Así el auge del café inauguró el desarrollo capitalista dependiente de la nación a partir de la década de 1830. Fue preciso la existencia de ciertas condiciones previas que ayudaran al rápido crecimiento de la economía del café: la disponibilidad de tierras aptas para el café de altura, la falta de  competencia de otros cultivos, un mercado europeo en expansión junto con una demanda creciente y un adecuado transporte marítimo y terrestre

Is there timing ability in currency markets? Evidence from ADR issuances

Is there timing ability in the exchange rate markets? We address this question by examining foreign firms' decisions to issue American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). Specifically, we test whether foreign firms consider currency market conditions in their ADR issuance decisions and, in doing so, display some ability to time their local exchange rate market. We study ADR issuances in the U.S. stock market between 1976 and 2003. We find that foreign firms tend to issue ADRs after their local currency has been abnormally strong against the U.S. dollar and before their local currency becomes abnormally weak. This evidence is statistically significant even after controlling for local and U.S. past and future stock market performance and predicable exchange rate movements. Currency market timing is especially significant i) for value companies, relatively small (yet absolutely large) companies issuing relatively large amounts of ADRs, companies with higher currency exposure, manufacturing companies, and emerging market companies, ii) during currency crises (when mispricings are rife) and after the integration of the issuer's local financial market with the world capital markets, iii) when the ADR issue raises capital for the issuing firm (Level III ADR), and iv) regardless of the identity of the underwriting investment bank. Currency market timing is also economically significant since it translates into total savings for the issuing firms of about $646 million (or 1.86% of the total capital-raising ADR issue volume). In contrast, we find no evidence of currency timing ability in a control sample made of non-capital raising ADRs (Level II ADRs). These findings suggest that some companies may have, at least occasionally, private information about foreign exchange.