1000 resultados para Koivuniemi, Jussi


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The impact of ventricular rate (VR) on the outcome of electrical cardioversion (ECV) of acute atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently unknown. We aimed to determine the effect of VR during acute AF on the success of ECV, recurrence of AF and occurrence of post-cardioversion complications in 30 days follow-up. All ECVs performed in patients with acute atrial fibrillation lasting <48 hours in 2 Finnish university hospitals during 2003-2010 and 1 central hospital during 2010 were retrospectively identified. A total of 6,624 ECVs were performed in 2,821 consecutive patients. VR≤60 BPM was defined low and VR≥160 BPM high. The median VR before ECV was 109 BPM. The success rate of ECV was 94.2%. Bradycardia occurred in 62 (0.9%) and thromboembolic complications in 39 (0.6%) ECVs. Low VR was observed before 75 (1.1%) ECVs and male sex was its only independent predictor. High VR was observed in 165 (2.5%) ECVs. The independent predictors of high VR were younger age, <12 h episode duration, no previous history of AF and alcohol abuse. Low or high VR were not related to the success of ECV, incidence of thromboembolic or bradycardic complications, or recurrence of AF, although VR was significantly (p<0.001) lower in the patients in whom AF recurred. In conclusion, ECV of acute AF is an effective procedure and VR during AF does not affect its efficacy, the maintenance of sinus rhythm or the incidence of bradycardic, thromboembolic or other complications during 30 days follow-up after ECV. Low VR is predominately observed in male patients, while high VR was a feature related to a shorter history of AF and high alcohol-intake.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how a global company should organise its purchasing operations. The theoretical framework of this study consists of organisation structures, management and coordination, purchasing organisational design, capabilities and outsourcing. The research is a qualitative case study and the used method was theme interview. Four global large scale companies were interviewed for this research in order to gain knowledge about how other companies have organised their purchasing functions and to gather their best practices. Interview results and theoretical framework were compared in order to test the theoretical framework and to create a detailed framework about how to organise purchasing operations in a global company. As a result a 14 point model about effective purchasing operation organisation for a global company was created. This model includes all the key determinants which should be considered when organising the purchasing operations. The results show that the organising decision should be always in line with company and purchasing strategies. Strategic purchasing operations should be centralized and operative tasks decentralized.

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

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Teema: Yliopistohistoria.

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Tämä tutkielma on kirjallisuustyö jonka tavoitteena on kuvata toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän (ERP) käyttöönottoprosessia pienissä- ja keskisuurissa (pk) yrityksissä. Työssä esitellään lyhyesti ERP-järjestelmä ja pk-yritys yleisesti ja kuvataan ERP-järjestelmien käyttöä pk-yrityksissä. Käyttöä havainnollistetaan tilastojen avulla keskittyen Suomalaisiin yrityksiin. Tutki-elmassa kerrotaan pk-yritysten erityispiirteitä toiminnanohjausjärjestelmien käy-tön osalta sekä pohditaan niiden aiheuttamia mahdollisuuksia ja haittoja. Työssä on käsitelty myös lyhyesti pilvipalveluiden käyttöä toiminnanohjausjärjestelmien kanssa ja niiden soveltuvuutta pk-yrityksille. Pohjustusten kautta työn pääkap-paleessa käydään läpi ERP-järjestelmän käyttöönottostrategia sekä käyt-töönottoprosessi, jonka lisäksi pohditaan pk-yritysten kannalta erityisiä tekijöitä implementointiprosessissa. Työn johtopäätökset ja yhteenveto ovat koottuna tutkielman kahteen viimeiseen kappaleeseen.