Abnormalities of the PTH-vitamin D axis and bone turnover markers in children, adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis: comparison with healthy controls

Abnormalities of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in cystic fibrosis (CF) are well documented. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in calcium metabolism are related to vitamin D deficiency, and that bone resorption is increased relative to accretion in patients with CF. Calcitropic hormones, electrolytes, osteocalcin (OC) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), (markers of bone mineralisation), urinary deoxypyridinoline [total (t) Dpd, a marker of bone resorption] and lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD), expressed as a z-score, were measured in 149 (81 M) CF and 141 (61 M) control children aged 5.3-10.99 years, adolescents aged 11-17.99 years and adults aged 18-55.9 years. Data were analysed by multiple regression to adjust for age. In patients, FEV1% predicted and CRP (as disease severity markers), genotype and pancreatic status (PS) were recorded. The distribution of PTH differed between groups (P

Genotype and environment effects on dynamics of harvest index during grain filling in sorghum

An approach based on a linear rate of increase in harvest index (141) with time after anthesis has been used as a simple means-to predict grain growth and yield in many crop simulation models. When applied to diverse situations, however, this approach has been found to introduce significant error in grain yield predictions. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to examine the stability of the HI approach for yield prediction in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Four field experiments were conducted under nonlimiting water. and N conditions. The experiments were sown at times that ensured a broad range in temperature and radiation conditions. Treatments consisted of two population densities and three genotypes varying in maturity. Frequent sequential harvests were used to monitor crop growth, yield, and the dynamics of 111. Experiments varied greatly in yield and final HI. There was also a tendency for lower HI with later maturity. Harvest index dynamics also varied among experiments and, to a lesser extent, among treatments within experiments. The variation was associated mostly with the linear rate of increase in HI and timing of cessation of that increase. The average rate of HI increase was 0.0198 d(-1), but this was reduced considerably (0.0147) in one experiment that matured in cool conditions. The variations found in IN dynamics could be largely explained by differences in assimilation during grain filling and remobilization of preanthesis assimilate. We concluded that this level of variation in HI dynamics limited the general applicability of the HI approach in yield prediction and suggested a potential alternative for testing.

1-Ethynyl-2-isopropoxy-3-methoxybenzene

The crystal structure of the title compound, C12H14O2, has been determined at 150 K. Significant intermolecular non-conventional C-H...O interactions involving the terminal acetylinic H atom are observed, which result in a zigzag hydrogen-bonded chain in the b direction.

Synthesis of novel 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylates utilising ultrasonic and thermally mediated aminolysis

Novel 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylates have been synthesised in high yield by unprecedented ultrasonic and thermally mediated nucleophilic displacement of bromide from ethyl 2-bromo-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate by primary, secondary and aryl amines.

A yield architecture framework to explain adaptation of pearl millet to environmental stress

Functional knowledge of the physiological basis of crop adaptation to stress is a prerequisite for exploiting specific adaptation to stress environments in breeding programs. This paper presents an analysis of yield components for pearl millet, to explain the specific adaptation of local landraces to stress environments in Rajasthan, India. Six genotypes, ranging from high-tillering traditional landraces to low-tillering open-pollinated modern cultivars, were grown in 20 experiments, covering a range of nonstress and drought stress patterns. In each experiment, yield components (particle number, grain number, 100 grain mass) were measured separately for main shoots, basal tillers, and nodal tillers. Under optimum conditions, landraces had a significantly lower grain yield than the cultivars, but no significant differences were observed at yield levels around 1 ton ha(-1). This genotype x environment interaction for grain yield was due to a difference in yield strategy, where landraces aimed at minimising the risk of a crop failure under stress conditions, and modem cultivars aimed at maximising yield potential under optimum conditions. A key aspect of the adaptation of landraces was the small size of the main shoot panicle, as it minimised (1) the loss of productive tillers during stem elongation; (2) the delay in anthesis if mid-season drought occurs; and (3) the reduction in panicle productivity of the basal tillers under stress. In addition, a low investment in structural panicle weight, relative to vegetative crop growth rate, promoted the production of nodal tillers, providing a mechanism to compensate for reduced basal tiller productivity if stress occurred around anthesis. A low maximum 100 grain mass also ensured individual grain mass was little affected by environmental conditions. The strategy of the high-tillering landraces carries a yield penalty under optimum conditions, but is expected to minimise the risk of a crop failure, particularly if mid-season drought stress occurs. The yield architecture of low-tillering varieties, by contrast, will be suited to end-of-season drought stress, provided anthesis is early. Application of the above adaptation mechanisms into a breeding program could enable the identification of plant types that match the prevalent stress patterns in the target environments. (C) 2003 E.J. van Oosterom. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

3: Rehabilitation principles for treating chronic musculoskeletal injuries

Evaluation of patients for rehabilitation after musculoskeletal injury involves identifying, grading and assessing the injury and its impact on the patient's normal activities. Management is guided by a multidisciplinary team, comprising the patient, doctor and physical therapist, with other health professionals recruited as required. Parallel interventions involving the various team members are specified in a customised management plan. The key component of the plan is active mobilisation utilising strengthening, flexibility and endurance exercise programs. Passive physical treatments (heat, ice, and manual therapy), as well as drug therapy and psychological interventions, are used as adjunctive therapy. Biomechanical devices or techniques (eg, orthotic devices) may also be helpful. Coexisting conditions such as depression and drug dependence are treated at the same time as the injury. Effective team communication, simulated environmental testing and, for those employed, contact with the employer facilitate a staged return to normal living, sports and occupational activities.

A????es premiadas no 3?? Concurso de Experi??ncias Inovadoras de Gest??o da Administra????o P??blica Federal

Apresenta????o resumida dos 50 projetos vencedores do 3?? Concurso de Experi??ncias Inovadoras de Gest??o na Administra????o P??blica Federal, realizado conjuntamente pelo MARE e ENAP em 1998

Sistemas de protocolo postal da Justi??a do Trabalho 3?? Regi??o

Os advogados/usu??rios da Justi??a do Trabalho em Minas Gerais dispunham de 114 Varas do Trabalho para protocoliza????o de peti????es trabalhistas. Necessitavam se deslocar para as cidades das Varas do Trabalho para efetuarem a protocoliza????o. Tal situa????o em muitas ocasi??es gerava gastos com viagens, di??rias, hospedagens al??m da perda de tempo na locomo????o. A Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Tel??grafos em Minas Gerais, no atendimento comercial ao cliente Tribunal Regional do Trabalho 3?? Regi??o, identificou junto ?? equipe da Diretoria Geral Judici??ria a necessidade de amplia????o dos pontos de atendimento para os advogados/usu??rios agilizarem a remessa das peti????es trabalhistas aos seus destinos

Texto para discuss??o 3: Reflex??es sobre a proposta de reforma do Estado brasileiro

A reforma do Estado ?? uma preocupa????o comum a quase todos os pa??ses do mundo. No ??mbito nacional, ap??s um per??odo mais exacerbado de radicaliza????es e polariza????es, o debate sobre o assunto vem adquirindo maior serenidade, profundidade e rigor. Seu foco tem se deslocado de uma defini????o aprior??stica e descontextualizada do tamanho ideal do Estado (e, com isso, vem conseguindo, paulatinamente, ultrapassar os manique??smos iniciais), para se centrar em quest??es realmente estrat??gicas: que tipo de Estado se deseja construir? Como dever?? se relacionar com a sociedade e o mercado? Quais ser??o sua miss??o, objetivos, papel, formas e meios de interven????o e fun????es? Que caracter??sticas organizacionais e gerenciais necessitar?? adquirir para lograr ??xito? O primeiro volume desta s??rie ?? um exemplo dessa mudan??a oportuna de enfoque, partindo do Estado necess??rio e conseguindo avan??ar em rela????o a, pelo menos, algumas das quest??es estrat??gicas j?? mencionadas

M??dulo 3 - tipos de licita????o: curso legisla????o aplicada ?? log??stica de suprimentos lei 8.666/93, preg??o e registro de pre??os

Este documento trata de: aspectos conceituais da lei: finalidade, import??ncia e hierarquia da lei.; no????es gerais da lei de licita????es - Lei n?? 8.666/93; tipos de licita????o:menor pre??o, melhor t??cnica, t??cnica e pre??o e maior lance ou oferta; modalidades de licita????o: concorr??ncia, tomada de pre??os, convite, concurso e leil??o; exce????es ?? obrigatoriedade de licita????o: dispensa e inexigibilidade; regime de execu????o indireta; comiss??o de licita????o; etapas do processo licitat??rio: edital, procedimentos/documentos do certame, registro cadastral, habilita????o dos interessados, julgamento e encerramento; preg??o; registro de pre??os

M??dulo 3 - o processo: curso or??amento p??blico: vis??o geral

Este documento trata de: or??amento p??blico: conceito, fun????es, t??cnicas, princ??pios e marcos legais; enfoques do or??amento: enfoque fiscal dos or??amentos e enfoque program??tico da despesa; roteiro da elabora????o e execu????o or??ament??ria anual; classifica????es or??ament??rias da despesa e da receita; execu????o dos or??amentos; execu????o or??ament??ria e financeira

Disciplina 1.3: sistema pol??tico brasileiro

A disciplina teve como principais conte??dos: as principais dimens??es institucionais que comp??em o Sistema Pol??tico Brasileiro e seus impactos sobre o funcionamento da Democracia no Brasil. Modelos de democracia em perspectiva comparada. O sistema de governo e as rela????es entre executivo e legislativo. Representa????o pol??tica, partidos e elei????es. O federalismo e as rela????es intergovernamentais. O papel pol??tico das institui????es de justi??a. Reforma Pol??tica. Os condicionamentos decorrentes das caracter??sticas do Sistema Pol??tico Brasileiro no processo decis??rio sobre pol??ticas p??blicas

Disciplina 2.3: economia do setor p??blico

A disciplina teve como principais conte??dos: a necessidade do Estado. Externalidades e bens p??blicos. Padr??es de interven????o do Estado e as fun????es econ??micas: alocativa, distributiva e estabilizadora. Equidade e efici??ncia. O financiamento do Setor P??blico. Sistema Tribut??rio Brasileiro. Pol??tica econ??mica: fiscal, monet??ria e cambial

Disciplina 3.1: debate contempor??neo da gest??o p??blica

A disciplina teve como principais conte??dos: origens, defini????o, caracter??sticas e import??ncia da burocracia cl??ssica. As insufici??ncias do paradigma burocr??tico: problemas end??genos e ex??genos. Origens e caracter??sticas da Nova Gest??o P??blica. Resultados das reformas de gest??o p??blica: balan??o cr??tico. A Governan??a P??blica e a rediscuss??o do papel da Administra????o P??blica. Tend??ncias atuais do debate: consensos, d??vidas e dilemas

Disciplina 3.3: fundamentos de direito p??blico

A disciplina teve como principais conte??dos: Estado Social e Democr??tico de Direito: vis??o panor??mica e instrumental do texto constitucional (direitos fundamentais, separa????o dos Poderes, regime da administra????o p??blica, servi??os p??blicos e atividades econ??micas, ordem econ??mica e ordem social). Fundamentos constitucionais da Administra????o P??blica brasileira. Os princ??pios da administra????o p??blica na jurisprud??ncia do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Atividades de administra????o p??blica: presta????o de servi??os, ordena????o, fomento e controle. Contrata????es p??blicas. Organiza????o administrativa e novas tend??ncias. Processos administrativos e suas leis gerais. Controle da administra????o p??blica