El subsuelo de la Torre del Pretorio: substructiones de tradición helenística bajo la sede del Concilium Prouinciae Hispaniae Citerioris (Tarraco)

El artículo presenta el estudio de un área arquitectónicamente compleja, integrada dentro del denominado Foro Provincial de Tarraco . El análisis de la estratigrafía arquitectónica y de los procesos de construcción, ha representado un instrumento fundamental para la interpretación de un área caracterizada por una compleja evolución urbanística, poniendo en evidencia el desarrollo del proyecto constructivo de una obra de gran envergadura como la del Foro Provincial. Desafortunadamente, la ausencia de datos procedentes de las excavaciones arqueológicas, ha limitado la definición de una cronología absoluta exacta. El proceso de monumentalización de la cima de la colina tarraconense iniciado, según las fuentes históricas y numismáticas, en época julio-claudia, culminó en época Flavia con la finalización del complejo monumental distribuido en tres terrazas. El sector que se examina, situado junto al circo, se encuadra dentro de un sistema de substructiones que a menudo caracterizan los conjuntos forense y sacro organizados en terrazas.

An Engineering Solution for using Coarse Meshes in the Simulation of Delamination with Cohesive Zone Models

This paper presents a methodology to determine the parameters used in the simulation of delamination in composite materials using decohesion finite elements. A closed-form expression is developed to define the stiffness of the cohesive layer. A novel procedure that allows the use of coarser meshes of decohesion elements in large-scale computations is proposed. The procedure ensures that the energy dissipated by the fracture process is correctly computed. It is shown that coarse-meshed models defined using the approach proposed here yield the same results as the models with finer meshes normally used in the simulation of fracture processes

Simulation of Delamination Propagation in Composites Under High-Cycle Fatigue by Means of Cohesive-Zone Models

A damage model for the simulation of delamination propagation under high-cycle fatigue loading is proposed. The basis for the formulation is a cohesive law that links fracture and damage mechanics to establish the evolution of the damage variable in terms of the crack growth rate dA/dN. The damage state is obtained as a function of the loading conditions as well as the experimentally-determined coefficients of the Paris Law crack propagation rates for the material. It is shown that by using the constitutive fatigue damage model in a structural analysis, experimental results can be reproduced without the need of additional model-specific curve-fitting parameters

An Interface Damage Model for the Simulation of Delamination Under Variable-Mode Ratio in Composite Materials

A thermodynamically consistent damage model for the simulation of progressive delamination under variable mode ratio is presented. The model is formulated in the context of the Damage Mechanics. The constitutive equation that results from the definition of the free energy as a function of a damage variable is used to model the initiation and propagation of delamination. A new delamination initiation criterion is developed to assure that the formulation can account for changes in the loading mode in a thermodynamically consistent way. The formulation proposed accounts for crack closure effets avoiding interfacial penetration of two adjacent layers aftercomplete decohesion. The model is implemented in a finite element formulation. The numerical predictions given by the model are compared with experimental results

Blackbody emission under laser excitation of silicon nanopowder produced by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition

Previous results concerning radiative emission under laser irradiation of silicon nanopowder are reinterpreted in terms of thermal emission. A model is developed that considers the particles in the powder as independent, so under vacuum the only dissipation mechanism is thermal radiation. The supralinear dependence observed between the intensity of the emitted radiation and laser power is predicted by the model, as is the exponential quenching when the gas pressure around the sample increases. The analysis allows us to determine the sample temperature. The local heating of the sample has been assessed independently by the position of the transverse optical Raman mode. Finally, it is suggested that the photoluminescence observed in porous silicon and similar materials could, in some cases, be blackbody radiation

Gas collisions and pressure quenching of the photoluminescence of silicon nanopowder grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

The quenching of the photoluminescence of Si nanopowder grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition due to pressure was measured for various gases ( H2, O2, N2, He, Ne, Ar, and Kr) and at different temperatures. The characteristic pressure, P0, of the general dependence I(P)=I0exp(-P/P0) is gas and temperature dependent. However, when the number of gas collisions is taken as the variable instead of pressure, then the quenching is the same within a gas family (mono- or diatomic) and it is temperature independent. So it is concluded that the effect depends on the number of gas collisions irrespective of the nature of the gas or its temperature

Redrawing Tarraco

The city of Tarragona houses an important architectural heritage mainly from its past as ‘Tarraco’, capital of the Roman province of Hispania Citerior, but also from its medieval and late 19th century history. The archaeological ensemble of Tarraco was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000, but although many efforts have been devoted by archaeologists and historians to unveil and understand the history and aspect of the Roman city, many aspects remain unknown. This is largely caused by the absence of a coherent body of historiographical material, which is todays cattered across several institutions and, specially, the lack of precise and useful graphical representations of the remains and of the existing city that allows in-depth analysis and interpretations of future findings. In recent years, researchers from the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC) and the Architecture School of the URV (ETSA) have teamed up to produce comprehensive, detailed graphic materials, including a new set of plans and sections of the old city, of the grandiose areas of representation of the Provincial capital, and of the hidden structures beneath the city’s surface. These have been executed with the latest technologies (fotogrammetry, laser scanning) but also with traditional methods (measurement, topography), on t op of a mixture of existing materials (hand-drafted cartography from municipal master plans) and of historical and archaeological documentation.

Aportació de les traduccions rosselloneses del segle XIX a la construcció del sistema lingüísticoliterari català

Les traduccions catalanes impreses al Rosselló en el segle XIX són cinc; totes de temàtica religiosa. Rafael Crusat traduí la Novena al glorios patriarca Sant Josep, Digne Espos de la Sempre Verge Maria (1711) reimpresa al segle XIX; Pere Marcè i Sentaló traduí Los set salms penitencials en versos catalans segons lo sentit literal (1802); d'autor desconegut són el Compendi del catecisme al us de totas las iglesias del imperi francès (1807) i els Cantichs catalans, traduits dels cantichs de Sant Sulpici (1826); Joan Miquel Aymar traduí­ la Carta apostolica de N.S. Pare Pio per la providencia divina papa sobre la definicio dogmatica de la immaculada concepció (1889). Aquestes traduccions es justifiquen per la necessitat comunicativa del català  a la diòcesi d'Elna Perpinyà : els catecismes, les pregàries, els cants i les novenes s'hi feien en català . Ara bé, aquestes traduccions apareixen en un moment en què la llengua catalana roman abandonada a l'oralitat familiar i és precisament arran d'això que tenen un gran mèrit en la construcció de la nostra llengua nacional a la Catalunya Nord. En el segle XIX, el del triomf de la "catalanada", quan el país s'hagués pogut decantar cap al secessionisme lingüístic, tot entronitzant el parlar rossellonès com a llengua local, els traductors d'obres religioses utilitzen una ortografia etimològica i una varietat de llengua supradialectal.

Manifiesto a favor de la enseñanza de la Geología

Manifest en defensa d'incloure la Geologia com a assignatura pròpia de la modalitat en el Batxillerat de Ciències

Passeig per l’invisible: itinerari químic per la ciutat de Girona = A walk through the invisible: a chemical journey through Girona

The presented itinerary covers eleven sites of the city of Girona that have been chosen for their interest from a chemical point of view. Girona is a city with chemistry, and this journey allowed student to see that chemistry is present everywhere, even in everyday life and not only in classrooms and laboratories. This approach aims to motivate students to discover something that had been invisible

"Reacciona... explota!", un taller per fomentar vocacions científiques

The workshop "React... explode!" is a project of science that shows the most attractive side of chemistry to pre-university students. It consists of carrying out recreational chemical experiments. Most students have more interest in the amazing and spectacular experiments which involve changes of colour, light, noise, smoke... The names of the experiments are very attractive: "The toilet’s monster", "The pharaoh’s snake", "The world of cold", "The termite reaction" ...

Micro- and nanostructuring of poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) surfaces, for biomedical applications, using polymer replication techniques

Here we investigate the formation of superficial micro- and nanostructures in poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN), with a view to their use in biomedical device applications, and compare its performance with a polymer commonly used for the fabrication of these devices, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The PEN is found to replicate both micro- and nanostructures in its surface, albeit requiring more forceful replication conditions than PMMA, producing a slight increase in surface hydrophilicity. This ability to form micro/nanostructures, allied to biocompatibility and good optical transparency, suggests that PEN could be a useful material for production of, or for incorporation into, transparent devices for biomedical applications. Such devices will be able to be autoclaved, due to the polymer's high temperature stability, and will be useful for applications where forceful experimental conditions are required, due to a superior chemical resistance over PMMA.

Nivel de calidad de los medicamentos elaborados por los alumnos en el laboratorio de prácticas y de su control como producto acabado por parte de los mismos alumnos

Una de las prácticas de laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica requiere la elaboración de comprimidos en la asignatura de Farmacia Galénica II siguiendo el mismo flujo de fabricación al empleado en la industria farmacéutica (pesada, tamización, mezclado, amasado, granulación, secado, mezclado y compresión). Estos comprimidos se analizan en la asignatura de Farmacia Galénica III (entre 6 y 12 meses más tarde) por los mismos alumnos según las directrices de la Real Farmacopea Española.En el trabajo se exponen gráficamente los resultados hallados y se comentan los principales puntos de mejora ya que el producto elaborado no es conforme en la mayoría de los casos (sólo alrededor del 50% de los productos elaborados por los alumnos podrían ser conformes, aún siendo un proceso validado). Realmente, la experiencia de los operadores es el punto más crítico que influye en los resultados de estos lotes de comprimidos, sobre todo en el laboratorio analítico. Esta hipótesis ha sido confirmada en lotes analizados por el personal cualificado del departamento de control de calidad del Servei de Desenvolupament del Medicament de la Facultat de Farmàcia de la Universitat de Barcelona, ya que en todos los casos los resultados obtenidos fueron más exactos, repetitivos y cercanos a los teóricos.

Repensando la formación inicial del profesorado para abordar el tratamiento a la diversidad cultural y lingüística en el aula = Rethinking initial teacher education for linguistic and cvltural diversity in the classroom

In recent decades, European educational systems are facing many challenges related to the treatment of cultural and linguistic diversity. The need to address this diversity requires new approaches to education; this in turn requires changes in the way we prepare teachers for the new reality they face in their classrooms. In this article we highlight some of the major problems that initial teacher training has to address in order to enable teachers to deal effectively, respectfully, and fairly with students whose linguistic and cultural background is different from their own. We also present several models for teacher education from Europe and North America based on clearly identified teacher competences for linguistic and cultural diversity