A possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of superficial scald in 'Rocha' pear based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, colorimetry, and the relation between alpha-farnesene and conjugated trienols

This study aimed to identify physiological markers in superficially scalded 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis L 'Rocha') that would relate to chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF), allowing a non-invasive diagnosis of the disorder. Conditions chosen before shelf life provided two fruit groups with different developing patterns and severity of superficial scald: T fruit fully developed the disorder in storage, while C fruit developed it progressively throughout shelf life. Principal component analysis (PCA) of all the measured variables, and simple linear correlations among several major parameters and scald index (SI)/shelf life showed that scald and ripening/aging were concurring processes, and that it was not possible to isolate a particular variable that could deliver a direct non-invasive diagnosis of the disorder. For both fruit groups the SI resulted from the balance between the reducing power (OD200) and the content of conjugated trienols (CTos) and alpha-farnesene (alpha-Farn) in the fruit peel. At OD200 > 150 there was a linear relationship between CTos and OD200, suggesting that the level of antioxidants was self-adjusted in order to compensate the CTos level. However, at OD200 < 150 this relationship disappeared. A consistent linear relationship between dos and alpha-Farn existed throughout shelf life in both fruit groups, contrarily to the early storage stage, when those compounds do not relate linearly. The CF variables F-0, F-v/F-m, and the colorimetric variables, L* and h degrees were used in multi-linear regressions with other physiological variables. The regressions were made on one of the fruit groups and validated through the other. Reliable regressions to alpha-Farn and CTos were obtained (R approximate to 0.6; rmsec approximate to rmsep). Our results suggest that a model based on CF and colorimetric parameters could be used to diagnose non-invasively both the contents and the relationship between alpha-Farn and CTos and hence the stage of scald development. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

Galvanic corrosion of two non noble dental alloys

Artigo licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

A possibility for non-invasive diagnosis of superficial scald in 'Rocha' pear based on chlorophyll a fluorescence, colorimetry, and the relation between alpha-farnesene and conjugated trienols

This study aimed to identify physiological markers in superficially scalded 'Rocha' pear (Pyrus communis L 'Rocha') that would relate to chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF), allowing a non-invasive diagnosis of the disorder. Conditions chosen before shelf life provided two fruit groups with different developing patterns and severity of superficial scald: T fruit fully developed the disorder in storage, while C fruit developed it progressively throughout shelf life. Principal component analysis (PCA) of all the measured variables, and simple linear correlations among several major parameters and scald index (SI)/shelf life showed that scald and ripening/aging were concurring processes, and that it was not possible to isolate a particular variable that could deliver a direct non-invasive diagnosis of the disorder. For both fruit groups the SI resulted from the balance between the reducing power (OD200) and the content of conjugated trienols (CTos) and alpha-farnesene (alpha-Farn) in the fruit peel. At OD200 > 150 there was a linear relationship between CTos and OD200, suggesting that the level of antioxidants was self-adjusted in order to compensate the CTos level. However, at OD200 < 150 this relationship disappeared. A consistent linear relationship between dos and alpha-Farn existed throughout shelf life in both fruit groups, contrarily to the early storage stage, when those compounds do not relate linearly. The CF variables F-0, F-v/F-m, and the colorimetric variables, L* and h degrees were used in multi-linear regressions with other physiological variables. The regressions were made on one of the fruit groups and validated through the other. Reliable regressions to alpha-Farn and CTos were obtained (R approximate to 0.6; rmsec approximate to rmsep). Our results suggest that a model based on CF and colorimetric parameters could be used to diagnose non-invasively both the contents and the relationship between alpha-Farn and CTos and hence the stage of scald development. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

L’analyse biomécanique du sprint sur ergomètre non-motorisé : interaction entre les asymétries cinétiques et cinématiques lors d’un sprint de 40 verges

Au sprint 100 mètres et dans de nombreux sport de puissance, la phase d’accélération est un déterminant majeure de la performance. Toutefois, les asymétries cinétiques et cinématiques peuvent avoir une incidence sur la performance. L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier la présence d’interaction entre différentes variables cinétiques et cinématiques angulaires aux membres inférieures (MI) d’un sprint de haute intensité sur un ergomètre non-motorisé avec résistance (NMR). Suite à une rencontre de familiarisation, 11 sujets ont exécuté des sprints de 40 verges. Les données cinétiques ont été obtenues par l’entremise de plateformes de force intégrées aux appuis de l’ergomètre NMR à 10 Hz et les données cinématiques ont été amassées à l’aide du système Optitrack et du logiciel Motive Tracker à 120Hz. Nous avons effectué un test de corrélation linéaire (Corrélation linéaire de Pearson) pour déterminer la relation entre les données cinétiques et cinématiques (p < 0,05). L’analyse des données a révélée (1) une corrélation positive entre la moyenne d’amplitude articulaire à la cheville et la moyenne des pics de puissance développés (W/kg) lors de la phase de maintien (r = 0,62), (2) une corrélation négative entre l’extension maximale moyenne (calculé à partir de l’angle de flexion le plus petit) à la hanche et la moyenne de pics de puissance développées en fin de poussée lors de la totalité et de la phase de maintien (r = -0,63 et r = -0,69 respectivement), et finalement (3) une corrélation négative entre la différence de dorsiflexion maximale à la cheville et la différence des pics de puissance développés aux MI lors du contact du pied au sol en phase de maintien ( r = -0,62). Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude permettront d’améliorer l’intervention des préparateurs physiques et la pratique des athlètes de sport de puissance en plus d’aider au développant de nouvelles technologies et outils d’entrainement complémentaire au sprint et particulièrement à la phase d’accélération.

L’analyse biomécanique du sprint sur ergomètre non-motorisé : interaction entre les asymétries cinétiques et cinématiques lors d’un sprint de 40 verges

Au sprint 100 mètres et dans de nombreux sport de puissance, la phase d’accélération est un déterminant majeure de la performance. Toutefois, les asymétries cinétiques et cinématiques peuvent avoir une incidence sur la performance. L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier la présence d’interaction entre différentes variables cinétiques et cinématiques angulaires aux membres inférieures (MI) d’un sprint de haute intensité sur un ergomètre non-motorisé avec résistance (NMR). Suite à une rencontre de familiarisation, 11 sujets ont exécuté des sprints de 40 verges. Les données cinétiques ont été obtenues par l’entremise de plateformes de force intégrées aux appuis de l’ergomètre NMR à 10 Hz et les données cinématiques ont été amassées à l’aide du système Optitrack et du logiciel Motive Tracker à 120Hz. Nous avons effectué un test de corrélation linéaire (Corrélation linéaire de Pearson) pour déterminer la relation entre les données cinétiques et cinématiques (p < 0,05). L’analyse des données a révélée (1) une corrélation positive entre la moyenne d’amplitude articulaire à la cheville et la moyenne des pics de puissance développés (W/kg) lors de la phase de maintien (r = 0,62), (2) une corrélation négative entre l’extension maximale moyenne (calculé à partir de l’angle de flexion le plus petit) à la hanche et la moyenne de pics de puissance développées en fin de poussée lors de la totalité et de la phase de maintien (r = -0,63 et r = -0,69 respectivement), et finalement (3) une corrélation négative entre la différence de dorsiflexion maximale à la cheville et la différence des pics de puissance développés aux MI lors du contact du pied au sol en phase de maintien ( r = -0,62). Les résultats obtenus dans cette étude permettront d’améliorer l’intervention des préparateurs physiques et la pratique des athlètes de sport de puissance en plus d’aider au développant de nouvelles technologies et outils d’entrainement complémentaire au sprint et particulièrement à la phase d’accélération.

Une comparaison des journaux non structurés et des journaux structurés rédigés par les étudiants en hygiène dentaire

The Canadian Dental Hygienists Association (CDHA) has indicated that there is a need for research in education in the field of dental hygiene. It seems that when compared to the nursing profession, the profession of dental hygiene is only in the earliest stages of investigating ways of teaching critical thinking. The faculty of the dental hygiene program at John Abbott College has always valued the skill of self-assessment in the students, yet there are few specific learning activities provided whereby the students can learn how to perfect and work on this invaluable skill of self-reflection in order to better self-assess. Although self-assessment is required of the students upon the completion of each clinical experience in Clinic 1, 2 and 3, a modest amount of clinical time is allotted to reflect upon this most important skill. It appears that more could be done to prepare our students to assess their learning and clinical practice. Self-reflection as an essential element of practice has a valid place in professional education. The purpose of conducting this study was to find out whether unstructured or structured self-reflective journal writing is a sound pedagogical technique to encourage dental hygiene students’ self-assessment through self-reflection. The research design for the project was a single case study. The paradigm for the study was chosen with a purposeful selection of participants, involving twenty-seven, third-year dental hygiene students at John Abbott College. The students were arbitrarily enrolled in two sections, which for the purpose of this study were referred to as Group A and Group B. Three duplicated coded anonymous journal entries from each student were collected over a ten-week period during the Fall 2009 semester. To examine the students’ level of self-reflection, two methods were used. First a content analysis of reflective journals was used to ascertain the level and substance of the reflections from their clinical experiences with the intent of looking more specifically at the students’ self-assessment. The journal entries were coded and analyzed after the grades were submitted at the end of the school term. This was followed by the distribution of an anonymous questionnaire to the students in both sections. The responses of the questionnaire were tabulated and analyzed. An analysis was done on the data collected in order to determine whether age, education and or mother tongue of the students in both Groups A and B had an influence on their perceptions of journal writing, as well as the student’s opinions about the value of journal writing. This questionnaire included two open-ended questions to assist in gathering additional data on the student’s thoughts on writing journals. A content analysis of the qualitative data collected from the open-ended questions in the questionnaire was also analyzed. Results indicated there were very few differences in the level of self-reflection leading to self-assessment. However, students in Group B who were assigned structured journals showed more evidence of deeper learning. Taken as a whole, the journal entries clearly showed the students were involved in ‘reflection-on-action’ of their clinical experiences (Schon 1987, as cited in Asadoorian & Batty, 2005). The quality of the responses for the most part indicated the students took the time and effort to record their perceptions of their clinical experiences. It is important to note that the results do indicate that students did show a need to self-reflect and assess. The students did in fact validate the importance of reflection through journal writing, even though they did not particularly like it as an added assignment. The journals were found to be very helpful to the research in getting to know what the issues were that held the students’ attention. They explained how and to what extent the students developed relationships with their clients. It was obvious that clinicians have an impact and influence on student learning. The students value the help, role modeling, patience, encouraging words and or gestures, positive reinforcement, and understanding provided by their clinicians. This research provides some evidence that students do believe that self-reflection through structured journal writing helped them better prepare for future clinical sessions with their clients. Our goal as educators should be to encourage dental hygiene students to self-assess through written self-reflection as an established practice for deeper learning.

Confidence intervals for large non- centrality parameter

We use asymptotic linearity to derive confidence intervals for large noncentrality parameters. These results enable us to measure relevance of effects and interactions in multifactors models when we get highly statistically significant the values of F tests statistics. We show how to use our approach by considering two sets of data as application examples.

ABOVE-GROUND BIOMASS ESTIMATION OF OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA (L.) MILL. FOR FORAGE CROP IN A MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT BY USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS

In marginal lands Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) could be used as an alternative fruit and forage crop. The plant vigour and the biomass production were evaluated in Portuguese germplasm (15 individuals from 16 ecotypes) by non-destructive methods, 2 years following planting in a marginal soil and dryland conditions. Two Italian cultivars (Gialla and Bianca) were included in the study for comparison purposes. The biomass production and the plant vigour were estimated by measuring the cladodes number and area, and the fresh (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant. We selected linear models by using the biometric data from 60 cladodes to predict the cladode area, the FW and the DW per plant. Among ecotypes, significant differences were found in the studied biomass-related parameters and several homogeneous groups were established. Four Portuguese ecotypes had higher biomass production than the others, 3.20 Mg ha−1 on average, a value not significantly different to the improved ‘Gialla’ cultivar, which averaged 3.87 Mg ha−1. Those ecotypes could be used to start a breeding program and to deploy material for animal feeding and fruit production.

Convergence time to equilibrium distributions of autonomous and periodic non-autonomous graphs

We present some estimates of the time of convergence to the equilibrium distribution in autonomous and periodic non-autonomous graphs, with ergodic stochastic adjacency matrices, using the eigenvalues of these matrices. On this way we generalize previous results from several authors, that only considered reversible matrices.

On a Limit of Perturbed Conservation Laws with Diffusion and Non-Positive Dispersion

We consider a conservation law perturbed by a linear diffusion and a general form of non-positive dispersion. We prove the convergence of the corresponding solution to the entropy weak solution of the hyperbolic conservation law.

Mapping new non-genetic dependencies in malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a very aggressive cancer whose incidence is growing worldwide. MPM escapes the classical models of carcinogenesis and lacks a distinctive genetic fingerprint, keeping obscure the molecular events that lead to tumorigenesis. This severely impacts on the limited therapeutic options and on the lack of specific biomarkers, concurring to make MPM one of the deadliest cancers. Here we combined a functional genome-wide loss of function CRISPR/Cas9 screening with patients’ transcriptomic and clinical data, to identify genes essential for MPM progression. Besides, we explored the role of non-coding RNAs to MPM progression by analysing gene expression profiles and clinical data from the MESO-TCGA dataset. We identified TRIM28 and the lncRNA LINC00941 as new vulnerabilities of MPM, associated with disease aggressiveness and bad outcome of patients. TRIM28 is a multi-domain protein involved in many processes, including transcription regulation. We showed that TRIM28 silencing impairs MPM cells’ growth and clonogenicity by blocking cells in mitosis. RNA-seq profiling showed that TRIM28 loss abolished the expression of major mitotic players. Our data suggest that TRIM28 is part of the B-MYB/FOXM1-MuvB complex that specifically drives the activation of mitotic genes, keeping the time of mitosis. In parallel, we found LINC00941 as strongly associated with reduced survival probability in MPM patients. LINC00941 KD profoundly reduced MPM cells’ growth, migration and invasion. This is accompanied by changes in morphology, cytoskeleton organization and cell-cell adhesion properties. RNA-seq profiling showed that LINC00941 KD impacts crucial functions of MPM, including HIF1α signalling. Collectively these data provided new insights into MPM biology and demonstrated that the integration of functional screening with patients’ clinical data is a powerful tool to highlight new non-genetic cancer dependencies that associate to a bad outcome in vivo, paving the way to new MPM-oriented targeted strategies and prognostic tools to improve patients risk-based stratification.

Role of non-coding RNA alterations in melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a potentially lethal form of skin cancer and its most important histopathologic factor for staging is Breslow thickness (BT). Its correct determination is fundamental for pathologists. A deeper understanding of the molecular processes guiding CM pathogenesis could improve diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in CM biology. The firs aim was to investigate miRNA expression in reference to BT assessment. We found that the combined miRNA expression of miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p above or below 1.5 was significantly associated with overall survival and successfully identified all superficially spreading melanoma (SSM) patients with relapsing suggesting that the combined assessment of these miRNAs expression could aid in SSM staging. Secondly, we focus on multiple primary melanoma (MPM) patients, which develop multiple primary melanomas in their lifetime, and represent a model of high-risk CM occurrence. We explored the miRNome of single CM and MPM: CM and MPM present several dysregulated miRNAs, including key miRNAs involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A different miRNA profile was observed between 1st and 2nd melanoma from the same patient. MiRNA target analysis revealed a more differentiated and less invasive status of MPMs compared to CMs. This characterization of the miRNA regulatory network of MPMs highlights molecular features differentiating this subtype from CM. Recently, NGS experiments revealed the existence of miRNA variants (isomiRs) with different length and sequence. We identified a shorter 3’isoform as tenfold over-represented compared to the canonical form of miR-125a-5p. Target analysis revealed that miRNA shortening could change the pattern of target gene regulation. Finally, we study miRNA and isomiR dysregulation in benign nevi (BN) and CM and in CM and melanoma metastasis. The reported non-random dysregulation of specific isomiRs contributes to the understanding of the complex melanoma pathogenesis and serves as the basis for further functional studies.

La moltiplicazione relazionale dei non imparentati. Un'etnografia delle attese di genitorialità e filiazione intorno alla categoria giuridica di "minore straniero non accompagnato" in Italia.

Sulla spinta dell’approvazione della legge italiana 47/2017 “Disposizioni in materia di misure di protezione dei minori stranieri non accompagnati”, questo lavoro è teso ad affrontare le complesse aspettative genitoriali e parentali sviluppatesi intorno al processo di categorizzazione MSNA di cui questa legge è diventata approdo giuridico. Le controverse aspettative di accompagnamento legatesi alla denominazione di “non accompagnato”, prese come aspetto scontato e assiomatico in molta parte della letteratura scientifica che utilizza l’acronimo, sono state qui intese come un nodo ambiguo e questionabile. Attraverso una ricerca e una metodologia antropologico-etnografica queste rappresentazioni contradditorie sono esplorate a partire da un “crocevia di campi” da queste interessati in un territorio amministrativo dell’Italia Settentrionale variamente frequentato tra 2018 e 2021. Insieme ad ambienti, metodi e sfide della ricerca locale, una prima sezione situa storicamente e contestualmente la categoria MSNA come fenomeno in sé piuttosto che come efficace espressione descrittiva di soggetti. Le due sezioni successive, dedicate rispettivamente alla neo-realtà di tutela volontaria e a quella di una comunità socio-educativa/di tipo familiare rivolta a persone di minore età, interrogano invece questi ambienti come spazi e tempi di elaborazione prima e negoziazione poi di rappresentazioni e pratiche relazionali e parentali molteplici.

About stabilization of non-minimum phase systems by output feedback

This thesis work has been motivated by an internal benchmark dealing with the output regulation problem of a nonlinear non-minimum phase system in the case of full-state feedback. The system under consideration structurally suffers from finite escape time, and this condition makes the output regulation problem very hard even for very simple steady-state evolution or exosystem dynamics, such as a simple integrator. This situation leads to studying the approaches developed for controlling Non-minimum phase systems and how they affect feedback performances. Despite a lot of frequency domain results, only a few works have been proposed for describing the performance limitations in a state space system representation. In particular, in our opinion, the most relevant research thread exploits the so-called Inner-Outer Decomposition. Such decomposition allows splitting the Non-minimum phase system under consideration into a cascade of two subsystems: a minimum phase system (the outer) that contains all poles of the original system and an all-pass Non-minimum phase system (the inner) that contains all the unavoidable pathologies of the unstable zero dynamics. Such a cascade decomposition was inspiring to start working on functional observers for linear and nonlinear systems. In particular, the idea of a functional observer is to exploit only the measured signals from the system to asymptotically reconstruct a certain function of the system states, without necessarily reconstructing the whole state vector. The feature of asymptotically reconstructing a certain state functional plays an important role in the design of a feedback controller able to stabilize the Non-minimum phase system.

User scheduling for low earth orbit multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output non-terrestrial network systems

In rural and isolated areas without cellular coverage, Satellite Communication (SatCom) is the best candidate to complement terrestrial coverage. However, the main challenge for future generations of wireless networks will be to meet the growing demand for new services while dealing with the scarcity of frequency spectrum. As a result, it is critical to investigate more efficient methods of utilizing the limited bandwidth; and resource sharing is likely the only choice. The research community’s focus has recently shifted towards the interference management and exploitation paradigm to meet the increasing data traffic demands. In the Downlink (DL) and Feedspace (FS), LEO satellites with an on-board antenna array can offer service to numerous User Terminals (UTs) (VSAT or Handhelds) on-ground in FFR schemes by using cutting-edge digital beamforming techniques. Considering this setup, the adoption of an effective user scheduling approach is a critical aspect given the unusually high density of User terminals on the ground as compared to the on-board available satellite antennas. In this context, one possibility is that of exploiting clustering algorithms for scheduling in LEO MU-MIMO systems in which several users within the same group are simultaneously served by the satellite via Space Division Multiplexing (SDM), and then these different user groups are served in different time slots via Time Division Multiplexing (TDM). This thesis addresses this problem by defining a user scheduling problem as an optimization problem and discusses several algorithms to solve it. In particular, focusing on the FS and user service link (i.e., DL) of a single MB-LEO satellite operating below 6 GHz, the user scheduling problem in the Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode is addressed. The proposed State-of-the-Art scheduling approaches are based on graph theory. The proposed solution offers high performance in terms of per-user capacity, Sum-rate capacity, SINR, and Spectral Efficiency.