Early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease are associated with distinct patterns of memory impairment

The goal of this study was to investigate the specific patterns of memory breakdown in patients suffering from early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). Twenty EOAD patients, twenty LOAD patients, twenty matched younger controls, and twenty matched older controls participated in this study. All participants underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment, an MRI scan, an FDG-PET scan, and AD patients had biomarkers as supporting evidence of both amyloïdopathy and neuronal injury. Results of the neuropsychological assessment showed that both EOAD and LOAD groups were impaired in the domains of memory, executive functions, language, praxis, and visuoconstructional abilities, when compared to their respective control groups. EOAD and LOAD groups, however, showed distinct patterns of memory impairment. Even though both groups were similarly affected on measures of episodic, short term and working memory, in contrast semantic memory was significantly more impaired in LOAD than in EOAD patients. The EOAD group was not more affected than the LOAD group in any memory domain. EOAD patients, however, showed significantly poorer performance in other cognitive domains including executive functions and visuoconstructional abilities. A more detailed analysis of the pattern of semantic memory performance among patient groups revealed that the LOAD was more profoundly impaired, in tasks of both spontaneous recall and semantic recognition. Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analyses showed that impaired semantic performance in patients was associated with reduced gray matter volume in the anterior temporal lobe region, while PET-FDG analyses revealed that poorer semantic performance was associated with greater hypometabolism in the left temporoparietal region, both areas reflecting key regions of the semantic network. Results of this study indicate that EOAD and LOAD patients present with distinct patterns of memory impairment, and that a genuine semantic impairment may represent one of the clinical hallmarks of LOAD.

Individual and Collective Responsiveness to Climate Change: A Response to Dwyer

Commentaire / Commentary

Le corps “mort-vivant” et la ville “détruite” dans le cinéma libanais d’après guerre.

"ENTRE DEUX", le film que j'ai écrit et réalisé pour cette recherche-création, a été filmé avec les caméras Canon 5D et 7D et monté en utilisant le logiciel final cut pro 7

De l'expérience collective à la découverte des cycles

C'est en avril 1980 que Jacques Lessard rassemble autour de lui quelques diplômés du Conservatoire d'art dramatique de Québec et jette les bases de ce qui allait devenir l'une des plus remarquables entreprises théâtrales du Québec des années 80. Le Théâtre Repère, tout comme le groupe Carbone 14, le Nouveau Théâtre expérimental, la troupe Omnibus, le Théâtre expérimental des femmes et le groupe La Veillée, s'inscrit dans ce que, faute d'appellation officielle, on pourrait qualifier de courant postmoderne. [...]

Intelligence collective et démocratie en Politique, III, 11

À l’heure où les limites du modèle de la démocratie représentative traditionnelle apparaissent de plus en plus évidentes, on a pu défendre, dans la littérature récente, un modèle sensiblement différent : celui d’une démocratie épistémique, tirant parti, par le mécanisme de la délibération inclusive, d’une forme d’intelligence collective qui serait disséminée à travers les agents d’une collectivité. Or, les partisans d’une telle approche se réclament souvent d’un argument qu’on trouve sous la plume d’Aristote en Politique, III, 11. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner la légitimité d’une telle filiation, en examinant de manière comparative les arguments modernes en faveur de la démocratie épistémique délibérative et le texte aristotélicien. Un tel travail permet de nuancer la portée du recours à Aristote dans les justifications épistémiques de la démocratie : d’une part, le mécanisme auquel songe Aristote dans le texte de la Politique ne saurait se ramener à une forme quelconque de délibération inclusive ; et, d’autre part, l’argument épistémique se trouve restreint par la mise en évidence des limites intrinsèques du régime démocratique. Plutôt que la source d’une position moderne en faveur de la démocratie, on trouverait alors chez Aristote l’occasion de penser le danger concret qui guette tout modèle délibératif : c’est-à-dire, la confiscation du débat public par une minorité de démagogues, qui empêche la collectivité de tirer parti de la diversité cognitive qu’elle contient.

Les peuples en tant qu’agents : l'agentivité collective de List et Pettit appliquée aux nations

Dans ce texte, je propose d’adapter la théorie de l’agentivité collective de List et Pettit de manière à considérer les nations comme des agents. Cet exercice pourrait ainsi conférer un argument supplémentaire aux théories des droits collectifs s’intéressant aux groupes nationaux puisque ces derniers pourront véritablement être reconnus comme des sujets de droits, capables d’autodétermination et de revendications morales. La théorie des droits collectifs de Seymour sera utilisée comme modèle à cet égard. Bien que le libéralisme politique dans lequel s’inscrit Seymour refuse de se prononcer sur des problèmes métaphysiques, il est intéressant d’ouvrir la possibilité conceptuelle que des groupes nationaux soient des agents à part entière. Pour ce faire, il faudra déterminer comment un agent national peut prendre des décisions et comment il peut subir des actions, en plus d’étudier ce que cela pourrait impliquer pour la responsabilité collective des nations.

A Study on the Reversed Lack of Memory Property and its Generalizations

In this thesis, the concept of reversed lack of memory property and its generalizations is studied.We we generalize this property which involves operations different than the ”addition”. In particular an associative, binary operator ” * ” is considered. The univariate reversed lack of memory property is generalized using the binary operator and a class of probability distributions which include Type 3 extreme value, power function, reflected Weibull and negative Pareto distributions are characterized (Asha and Rejeesh (2009)). We also define the almost reversed lack of memory property and considered the distributions with reversed periodic hazard rate under the binary operation. Further, we give a bivariate extension of the generalized reversed lack of memory property and characterize a class of bivariate distributions which include the characterized extension (CE) model of Roy (2002a) apart from the bivariate reflected Weibull and power function distributions. We proved the equality of local proportionality of the reversed hazard rate and generalized reversed lack of memory property. Study of uncertainty is a subject of interest common to reliability, survival analysis, actuary, economics, business and many other fields. However, in many realistic situations, uncertainty is not necessarily related to the future but can also refer to the past. Recently, Di Crescenzo and Longobardi (2009) introduced a new measure of information called dynamic cumulative entropy. Dynamic cumulative entropy is suitable to measure information when uncertainty is related to the past, a dual concept of the cumulative residual entropy which relates to uncertainty of the future lifetime of a system. We redefine this measure in the whole real line and study its properties. We also discuss the implications of generalized reversed lack of memory property on dynamic cumulative entropy and past entropy.In this study, we extend the idea of reversed lack of memory property to the discrete set up. Here we investigate the discrete class of distributions characterized by the discrete reversed lack of memory property. The concept is extended to the bivariate case and bivariate distributions characterized by this property are also presented. The implication of this property on discrete reversed hazard rate, mean past life, and discrete past entropy are also investigated.

Collective behavior of laser-produced plasma from a multicomponent YBa2Cu3O7 target in air

The dynamics of diffusion of electrons and ions from the laser-produced plasma from a multielement superconducting material, namely YBa2Cu3O7, using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is investigated by time-resolved emission-spectroscopic techniques at various laser irradiances. It is observed that beyond a laser irradiance of 2.6 \xC3\x97 1011 W cm-2, the ejected plume collectively drifts away from the target with a sharp increase in velocity to 1.25 \xC3\x97 106 cm s-1, which is twice its velocity observed at lower laser irradiances. This sudden drift apparently occurs as a result of the formation of a charged double layer at the external plume boundary. This diffusion is collective, that is, the electrons and ions inside the plume diffuse together simultaneously and hence it is similar to the ambipolar diffusion of charged particles in a discharge plasma

Vibrational behaviour of bcc Cu-based shape memory alloys close to the martensitic transition

Experimental data from ultrasonic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements are analyzed for different families of Cu-based shape-memory alloys. It is shown that the transition occurs at a value, independent of composition and alloy family, of the ratio between the elastic constants associated with the two shears necessary to accomplish the lattice distortion from the bcc to the close-packed structure. The zone boundary frequency of the TA2[110] branch evaluated at the transition point (TM), weakly depends, for each family, on composition. A linear relationship between this frequency and the inverse of the elastic constant C', both quantities evaluated at TM, has been found, in agreement with the prediction of a Landau model proposed for martensitic transformations.

On the stability of the bcc phase in Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloys

Measurements of the entropy change at the martensitic transition of two composition-related sets of Cu-Al-Mn shape-memory alloys are reported. It is found that most of the entropy change has a vibrational origin, and depends only on the particular close-packed structure of the low-temperature phase. Using data from the literature for other Cu-based alloys, this result is shown to be general. In addition, it is shown that the martensitic structure changes from 18R to 2H when the ratio of conduction electrons per atom reaches the same value as the eutectoid point in the equilibrium phase diagram. This finding indicates that the structure of the metastable low-temperature phase is reminiscent of the equilibrium structure.