Velhas e novas drogas: impactos da toxicodependência: estudo de caso na cidade de Braga

Dissertação de mestrado em Sociologia (área de especialização em Organizações e Trabalho)

A luz da espiritualidade na cultura pós-moderna

A divulgação da espiritualidade através dos movimentos sociais da Nova Era está a desencadear a transformação dialética do indivíduo num sentido profundo de união com o cosmos. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico, a internet revolucionou o modo de disseminação da informação ao facultar livremente o acesso a conteúdos sobre a filosofia oriental na base destes movimentos. No contexto de rutura com o modelo cultural judaico-cristão, os indivíduos reconheceram nestas filosofias os modos de sentir para os quais, até então, não tinham obtido qualquer esclarecimento. Paralelamente, assiste-se à modificação do paradigma cultural regido pelas religiões tradicionais para a emergência do paradigma ecológico centrado na ética e na espiritualidade. Atualmente, em Portugal, o fenómeno social tem evidenciado ruturas nas práticas culturais dos indivíduos. A cultura da Nova Era exalta o rompimento com os modelos tradicionais e exalta a luz como signo e símbolo de uma nova era cultural. O clima ideológico criado pelos iluministas e potenciado pela Revolução Francesa parece estar a (re)emergir na cultura ocidental, em plena pós-modernidade, à luz de ideais reconfiguradas na espiritualidade, na noção de unidade, de religação com o cosmos, dos quais falam diversos autores como Boff, Giddens entre outros. A ideia da espiritualidade, da transcendência humana, do domínio interestelar do qual falam os movimentos espirituais da Nova Era está presente em diversos domínios da cultura pós-moderna. A ideia de luz surge como signo, sentido e simbologia principal, é a palavra mais amplamente difundida na cultura New Age. É deste modo que, por exemplo, a cocriação preenche o signo da luz repleto de sentidos, como ideia de exaltação da busca por uma espiritualidade simbolicamente individual e que se (re)cocria socialmente sob o signo principal da luz. O significado de luz e de espiritualidade do qual falam os movimentos espiritualistas tem merecido amplo destaque na publicidade, reproduzindo os sentidos de luminosidade que difundem os movimentos da Nova Era. Frequentemente, encontram-se inúmeras destas referências simbólicas em produtos e subprodutos culturais que nos circundam. Em certa medida, o individualismo reinventa-se através da espiritualidade dos tempos deste novo século. Ou seja, revela-se na espiritualidade voltada para si próprio, na busca do seu “eu” interno, na procura da essência de si mesmo.

A (à) luz do panoptismo: retidão e sinuosidades das omni e pluri modernidades

A contemporaneidade pode ser entendida enquanto jogo de escondidas entre visibilidades e invisibilidades sociais. Ou seja, por vezes a sociedade deu-se a ver e descobriu-se (emitiu luz sobre si); outras vezes ocultou-se e encobriu-se (omitiu luz na sua direção). Em particular no que concerne algumas das manifestações dos diversos poderes na vida quotidiana. Este processo ocorreu em planos articulados entre si: através das visões do mundo, no nível macrossocial das estruturas; por meio das visualidades sociais, no interior do nível microssocial onde os atores sociais agem em copresença; e pela intermediação das visibilidades sociais, no seio ao nível mediador da sociedade (Andrade, 1995; 1997a). Tais emissões ou omissões de luminosidades sociais mostraram-se diferentes em períodos diacrónicos diversos, como a pré-modernidade, a modernidade e a pós-modernidade. Ora, a meu ver, estas idades do social, contrariamente ao que é defendido por algumas perspetivas filosóficas recentes, não constituem mais do que casos particulares de outras figuras da epocalidade humana mais abrangentes, como as omnimodernidades, as plurimodernidades e as intermodernidades. A seguir, procuraremos esclarecer os conceitos aqui anunciados e enunciados, simultaneamente à pesquisa de uma história e tipologia das figuras de luminosidade, que incluem tanto luzes quanto contra-luzes sociais.

Effective stiffness behaviour of sandwich beams under uncoupled bending and torsion loadings

Sandwich geometries, mainly in the form of panels and beams, are commonly applied in various transportation industries, such as aerospace, aeronautic and automotive. Sandwich geometries represent important advantages in structural applications, namely high specific stiffness, low weight, and possibility of design optimization prior to manufacturing. The aim of this paper is to uncover the influence of the number of reinforcements (ribs), and of the thickness on the mechanical behavior of all-metal sandwich panels subjected to uncoupled bending and torsion loadings. In this study, four geometries are compared. The orientation of the reinforcements and the effect of transversal ribs are also considered in this study. It is shown that the all the relations are non-linear, despite the elastic nature of the analysis in the Finite Element software ANSYS MECHANICAL APDL.

Feasibility of internally stiffened thin-walled beams for industrial applications

Several types of internally reinforced thin-walled beams are subjected to a feasibility evaluation of its mechanical behavior for industrial applications. The adapting of already existing efficient sandwich geometries to hollow-box beams of larger dimensions may reveal promising results. Novel types of sandwich beams under bending and torsion uncoupled loadings are studied in terms of stiffness behavior in static analysis. For the analysis of the solutions, the models are built using the Finite Element Method (FEM) software ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The feasibility of the novel beams was determined by the comparison of the stiffness behavior of the novel hollow-box beams with conventional hollow-box beams. An efficiency parameter was defined in order to determine the feasibility. It is found that the novel geometries represent an excellent improvement under bending loadings, better than under torsion loadings. Nevertheless, for bending and torsion combined loadings, if bending loads are predominant, the beams can still be interesting for some applications, in particular those with mobile parts.

Ventricular resynchronization through biventricular cardiac pacing for the treatment of refractory heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVE: The biventricular pacing (BVP) approach has good results in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients (pts) with disorders of intraventricular conduction. METHODS: We have applied BVP to 28 pts, with left ventricular pacing using minitoracotomy in 3 pts and the transvenous aproach via coronary sinus in 25 pts. The mean duration of the QRS complexes was 187 ms, in the presence of the left branch block in 22 pts, and right branch block + divisional hemiblock in 6 pts. All pts had been considerated candidates to cardiac transplantation, and were under optimized drug therapy. Sixteen pts were in Functional Class (NYHA) IV, and 12 in class III. The ejection fraction varied from 22 to 46% (average = 34%). The pacing mode employed was biventricular triple-chamber in 22 pts, and bi-ventricular dual-chamber in 6 pts (one with ICD). RESULTS: The pts were followed up for a period that ranged from 10 days to 14 months (mean 5 months). All pts presented clinical improvement after implant, chaging the NYHA Functional Class at the end of follow-up to Class I (9pts), Class II (10 pts) and Class III (6 pts). The initial mean ejection fraction have-raised to 37%. Two pts died suddenly. One patient died due to a pulmonary fungal infection. CONCLUSION: Ventricular resynchronization through BVP, improved significantly the Functional Class and, therefore, the quality of life. Assessments of myocardial function acutely performed do not reflect the clinical improvement observed.

Block of the Mitral-pulmonary Isthmus During Ablation of a Single Left-sided Accessory Pathway Causing Different Patterns of Retrograde Atrial Activation

The case of a 16-year-old patient with atrioventricular tachycardia caused by a single left anterolateral accessory pathway is reported. When the patient underwent radiofrequency ablation, a lesion on the mitral annulus lateral wall produced changes in the retrograde atrial activation pattern determined by that pathway; changes ranged from a delay in depolarization of the annulus posterior portions to full left atrium counterclockwise activation. Such phenomena were probably caused by a block in the isthmus between the annulus and the lower left pulmonary vein ostium. This case illustrates the importance of the mitral-pulmonary isthmus in the process of left atrium activation, an alert to changes induced by its unintentional block during accessory pathway ablation.

A emigração portuguesa e chinesa em perspectiva comparada

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos Internacionais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial

Reúso do património do movimento moderno: a panificadora de Vila Real

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura (área de especialização em Cultura Arquitectónica)

Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Alterations During Electroconvulsive Therapy in Young Adults

OBJECTIVE - To study cardiovascular alterations in young patients with no apparent organic disease who underwent electroconvulsive therapy. METHODS - The study comprised 47 healthy patients (22 males and 25 females) with a mean age of 30.3 years, who underwent electroconvulsive therapy. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter monitor) were performed during 24 hours. Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed 4 hours prior to electric shock administration, during electric shock administration, and 3 hours after electric shock administration. Arrhythmias and alterations in the ST segment in 24 hours were recorded. RESULTS - On electroconvulsive therapy, a significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate was observed and the measurements returned to basal values after 25 minutes. Three females had tracings with depression of the ST segment suggesting myocardial ischemia prior to and after electroconvulsive therapy. Coronary angiography was normal. No severe cardiac arrhythmias were diagnosed. CONCLUSION - 1) Electroconvulsive therapy is a safe therapeutic modality in psychiatry; 2) it causes a significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate; 3) it may be associated with myocardial ischemia in the absence of coronary obstructive disease; 4) electroconvulsive therapy was not associated with the occurrence of severe cardiac arrhythmias.

Experimental Model of Gene Transfection in Healthy Canine Myocardium: Perspectives of Gene Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

OBJECTIVE: To assess the transfection of the gene that encodes green fluorescent protein (GFP) through direct intramyocardial injection. METHODS: The pREGFP plasmid vector was used. The EGFP gene was inserted downstream from the constitutive promoter of the Rous sarcoma virus. Five male dogs were used (mean weight 13.5 kg), in which 0.5 mL of saline solution (n=1) or 0.5 mL of plasmid solution containing 0.5 µg of pREGFP/dog (n=4) were injected into the myocardium of the left ventricular lateral wall. The dogs were euthanized 1 week later, and cardiac biopsies were obtained. RESULTS: Fluorescence microscopy showed differences between the cells transfected and not transfected with pREGFP plasmid. Mild fluorescence was observed in the cardiac fibers that received saline solution; however, the myocardial cells transfected with pREGFP had overt EGFP expression. CONCLUSION: Transfection with the EGFP gene in healthy canine myocardium was effective. The reproduction of this efficacy using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) instead of EGFP aims at developing gene therapy for ischemic heart disease.

Fragmento e ruína: retratos modernos

"Cadernos de literatura comparada, nº. 28 (2013) - Modernismos revisitados, 1912-2012"