Development of Generic Simulation Model for Mobile Working Machines

This master’s thesis has been done for Drive! –project in which a new electric motor solution for mobile working machines is developed. Generic simulation model will be used as marketing and development tool. It can be used to model a wide variety of different vehicles with and without electric motor and to show customer the difference between traditionally build vehicles and those with new electric motor solution. Customers can also use simulation model to research different solutions for their own vehicles. At the start of the project it was decided that MeVEA software would be used as main simulation program and Simulink will only be used to simulate the operation of electrical components. Development of the generic model started with the research of these two software applications, simulation models which are made with them and how these simulation models can be build faster. Best results were used for building of generic simulation model. Finished generic model can be used to produce new tractor models for real-time simulations in short notice. All information about model is collected to one datasheet which can be easily filled by the user. After datasheet is filled a script will automatically build new simulation model in seconds. At the moment generic model is capable of building simulation models for wide variety of different tractors but it can be easily altered for other vehicle types too which would also benefit greatly from electric drive solution. Those could be for example wheel loaders and harvesters.

Analyzing the Effects of the New Renewable Energy Policy in Russia on Investments into Wind, Solar and Small Hydro Power

This thesis presents an analysis of recently enacted Russian renewable energy policy based on capacity mechanism. Considering its novelty and poor coverage by academic literature, the aim of the thesis is to analyze capacity mechanism influence on investors’ decision-making process. The current research introduces a number of approaches to investment analysis. Firstly, classical financial model was built with Microsoft Excel® and crisp efficiency indicators such as net present value were determined. Secondly, sensitivity analysis was performed to understand different factors influence on project profitability. Thirdly, Datar-Mathews method was applied that by means of Monte Carlo simulation realized with Matlab Simulink®, disclosed all possible outcomes of investment project and enabled real option thinking. Fourthly, previous analysis was duplicated by fuzzy pay-off method with Microsoft Excel®. Finally, decision-making process under capacity mechanism was illustrated with decision tree. Capacity remuneration paid within 15 years is calculated individually for each RE project as variable annuity that guarantees a particular return on investment adjusted on changes in national interest rates. Analysis results indicate that capacity mechanism creates a real option to invest in renewable energy project by ensuring project profitability regardless of market conditions if project-internal factors are managed properly. The latter includes keeping capital expenditures within set limits, production performance higher than 75% of target indicators, and fulfilling localization requirement, implying producing equipment and services within the country. Occurrence of real option shapes decision-making process in the following way. Initially, investor should define appropriate location for a planned power plant where high production performance can be achieved, and lock in this location in case of competition. After, investor should wait until capital cost limit and localization requirement can be met, after that decision to invest can be made without any risk to project profitability. With respect to technology kind, investment into solar PV power plant is more attractive than into wind or small hydro power, since it has higher weighted net present value and lower standard deviation. However, it does not change decision-making strategy that remains the same for each technology type. Fuzzy pay-method proved its ability to disclose the same patterns of information as Monte Carlo simulation. Being effective in investment analysis under uncertainty and easy in use, it can be recommended as sufficient analytical tool to investors and researchers. Apart from described results, this thesis contributes to the academic literature by detailed description of capacity price calculation for renewable energy that was not available in English before. With respect to methodology novelty, such advanced approaches as Datar-Mathews method and fuzzy pay-off method are applied on the top of investment profitability model that incorporates capacity remuneration calculation as well. Comparison of effects of two different RE supporting schemes, namely Russian capacity mechanism and feed-in premium, contributes to policy comparative studies and exhibits useful inferences for researchers and policymakers. Limitations of this research are simplification of assumptions to country-average level that restricts our ability to analyze renewable energy investment region wise and existing limitation of the studying policy to the wholesale power market that leaves retail markets and remote areas without our attention, taking away medium and small investment into renewable energy from the research focus. Elimination of these limitations would allow creating the full picture of Russian renewable energy investment profile.

Inductance Calculation of Tooth-Coil Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines

Analytical calculation methods for all the major components of the synchronous inductance of tooth-coil permanentmagnet synchronous machines are reevaluated in this paper. The inductance estimation is different in the tooth-coil machine compared with the one in the traditional rotating field winding machine. The accuracy of the analytical torque calculation highly depends on the estimated synchronous inductance. Despite powerful finite element method (FEM) tools, an accurate and fast analytical method is required at an early design stage to find an initialmachine design structure with the desired performance. The results of the analytical inductance calculation are verified and assessed in terms of accuracy with the FEM simulation results and with the prototype measurement results.

Todellisuuden tasot: Luonnon supervenienssi ja tieteenalojen väliset suhteet

Tämä tutkielma käsittelee kysymystä siitä, miten superveniensin käsitettä voidaan soveltaa selitettäessä, miten eri tieteenalojen tutkimat ilmiöt voivat näyttäytyä luonteeltaan erilaisina ja toisiinsa palautumattomina siinäkin tapauksessa, että kaikki ilmiöt nousisivat yhdeltä perustavan fysiikan tasolta. Supervenienssi on tunnettu filosofisena käsitteenä ja sitä on esitetty selitykseksi moniin tämänkaltaisiin kysymyksiin, mutta pelkkänä teoreettisena käsitteenä se on vain osittainen esitys siitä, millainen eri tasojen suhde voisi teoriassa olla. Tässä työssä tutkin, miten empiirisiin tieteisiin pohjautuvat käsitteet suhtautuvat supervenienssin käsitteeseen ja antavat sille tarkemmin määritellyn sisällön sekä todisteita sen olemassaolosta. Ajatus siitä, että kaikki totuudet maailmassa olisivat johdettavissa jollekin yhdelle tasolle, kaipaa tarkennusta. David Chalmers on kirjassaan Constructing the World osoittanut yksityiskohtaisesti, miten tämä ajatus voidaan ymmärtää. On kuitenkin mahdollista väittää myös, että sekä käytännön tieteen että filosofian näkökulmasta on olemassa perusteita uskoa, että maailmassa ei ole yhtä perustasoa vaan useita toisiinsa palautumattomia tasoja. Tällaisen näkemyksen on yksityiskohtaisesti esittänyt ja perustellut John Dupré kirjassaan The Disorder of Things. Duprén esittämien kaltaisiin argumentteihin on mahdollista vastata käyttämällä supervenienssin käsitettä, kunhan sitä käytetään oikein. Supervenienssin ja siihen liittyvän emergenssin käsitteet voidaan ymmärtää eri tavoilla, joista toiset ovat järkevämpiä ja luonnon ymmärrettävyyden kannalta lupaavampia kuin toiset. Olennaista käsitteelle on moninainen toteutuvuus, jossa samat supervenientit ominaisuudet voivat toteutua monella tavalla alemmalla tasolla. Kun tarkastellaan luonnossa esiintyviä supervenienssin kaltaisia ilmiöitä, voidaan huomata fysiikan karkeistuksen käsitteen, jossa systeemiä koskevaa informaatiota katoaa, johtavan supervenienssisuhteeseen. Jack Cohenin ja Ian Stewartin emergenssiin liittyvät argumentit osoittavat, että luonnon supervenienssi johtaa myös siihen, että korkeamman tason ilmiöt voivat toteutua samanlaisina riippumatta siitä, mikä alemman tason pohja toteuttaa ne, ja liikkuminen selityksissä alemman ja ylemmän tason ilmiöiden välillä on usein ongelmallista. Tästä päästään havaintoon, että Duprén esittämä eri tasojen epäyhtenäisyys on käytännön tasolla varsin todellista, eikä tieteessä pitäisikään aina olettaa reduktionistista lähestymistapaa, mutta tämä ei toisaalta tarkoita, että tasojen erot olisivat jyrkkiä ja metafyysisiä. Tietoinen kokemus on ehkä ainoa ilmiö, jonka paikan löytäminen kokonaiskuvassa näyttäytyy periaattessakin hyvin ongelmallisena.

Eleohjaus Google Cardboard-virtuaaliympäristöön käyttäen älypuhelimen kameraa

Tässä opinnäytetyössä on toteutettu ja arvioitu virtuaalitodellisuuteen soveltuvaa käyttöliittymää. Motivaationa työlle oli Google Cardboardin mahdollistama todentuntuinen virtuaalikokemus älypuhelimen hinnalla. Cardboard-ympäristöön ei kuitenkaan ollut olemassa kattavaa käyttöliittymää ja tämän työn tavoitteena olikin selvittää, onko älypuhelimen kameraa mahdollista käyttää eleohjauksen toteuttamiseen niin että ohjaus on käytettävyydeltään kelvollinen ja se tukee läsnäolon tunteen syntymistä. Asian selvittämiseksi kehitettiin testipeli, jolla eleohjausta verrattiin Cardboardin oletuskäyttöliittymään. Koehenkilöt saavuttivat ehdotetulla käyttöliittymällä testipelissä keskimäärin 45-% korkeampia pistemääriä ja lisäksi he arvioivat sen olleen toimiva ja sen synnyttämän läsnäolon tunteen olleen voimakkaampaa.

Aurinkosähkön taloudellinen kannattavuus erikoiskohteessa

Aurinkosähköjärjestelmät ovat yleistyneet viime vuosien aikana niin kotitalouksissa kuin julkisissa rakennuksissakin aurinkopaneeleiden suopean hintakehityksen myötä. Tässä kandidaatintyössä tarkastellaan aurinkosähköjärjestelmän kannattavuutta erikoiskohteessa Lapissa Tervolan kunnan alueella sijaitsevalla huoltoasemalla. Työssä aurinkosähköntuotannon ajoittumista kulutuksen suhteen lähdetään selvittämään vertailemalla simuloinnin avulla saatuja tuotantoennusteita huoltoaseman sähkönkulutusprofiiliin. Sähkönkulutusprofiilin tiedot perustuvat etäluettavan mittarin tuntikulutus mittauksiin. Investoinnin kannattavuutta tarkastellaan takaisinmaksuajan mukaan simuloinnista saatujen tuotantoennusteiden ja muiden takaisinmaksuaikaan vaikuttavien parametrien avulla. Lopuksi takaisinmaksuaikaa tarkastellaan vielä herkkyysanalyysien avulla.

Studies of rotor dynamics using a multibody simulation approach

The non-idealities in a rotor-bearing system may cause undesirable subcritical superharmonic resonances that occur when the rotating speed of the rotor is a fraction of the natural frequency of the system. These resonances arise partly from the non-idealities of the bearings. This study introduces a novel simulation approach that can be used to study the superharmonic vibrations of rotor-bearing systems. The superharmonic vibrations of complex rotor-bearing systems can be studied in an accurate manner by combining a detailed rotor and bearing model in a multibody simulation approach. The research looks at the theoretical background of multibody formulations that can be used in the dynamic analysis of flexible rotors. The multibody formulations currently in use are suitable for linear deformation analysis only. However, nonlinear formulation may arise in high-speed rotor dynamics applications due to the cenrrifugal stiffening effect. For this reason, finite element formulations that can describe nonlinear deformation are also introduced in this work. The description of the elastic forces in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation is studied and improved. A ball bearing model that includes localized and distributed defects is developed in this study. This bearing model could be used in rotor dynamics or multibody code as an interface elements between the rotor and the supporting structure. The model includes descriptions of the nonlinear Hertzian contact deformation and the elastohydrodynamic fluid film. The simulation approaches and models developed here are applied in the analysis of two example rotor-bearing systems. The first example is an electric motor supported by two ball bearings and the second is a roller test rig that consists of the tube roll of a paper machine supported by a hard-bearing-type balanceing machine. The simulation results are compared to the results available in literature as well as to those obtained by measuring the existing structure. In both practical examples, the comparison shows that the simulation model is capable of predicting the realistic responses of a rotor system. The simulation approaches developed in this work can be used in the analysis of the superharmonic vibrations of general rotor-bearing systems.

Organisaation GRC-hallinnan implementointi

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli selvittää minkälaisia asioita yrityksen olisi hyvä huomioida implementoidessaan integroitua GRC-hallintajärjestelmää. Työ keskittyy suurimmaksi osaksi kirjallisuustutkimukseen aiheesta olemassa olevien teorioiden pohjalta. Työn teoreettisessa viitekehyksessä käsitellään GRC:n osa-alueita erikseen sekä niiden integroitua hallintaa. Teorioiden ja käytännön osallistuvan havainnoinnin perusteella pystyttiin tunnistamaan useita, tärkeitä implementoinnissa huomioon otettavia asioita. Lisäksi tässä työssä tarkasteltiin integroidun GRC-hallinnan tuomaa lisäarvoa yrityksen toimintaan. Teorioiden paikkansapitävyyttä ei kuitenkaan alustavasta suunnitelmasta huolimatta pystytty kaikilta osin todentamaan.

Dynamic modeling and simulation of the airflow cleaning device

The objective of the work is to study the flow behavior and to support the design of air cleaner by dynamic simulation.In a paper printing industry, it is necessary to monitor the quality of paper when the paper is being produced. During the production, the quality of the paper can be monitored by camera. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the camera lens clean as wood particles may fall from the paper and lie on the camera lens. In this work, the behavior of the air flow and effect of the airflow on the particles at different inlet angles are simulated. Geometries of a different inlet angles of single-channel and double-channel case were constructed using ANSYS CFD Software. All the simulations were performed in ANSYS Fluent. The simulation results of single-channel and double-channel case revealed significant differences in the behavior of the flow and the particle velocity. The main conclusion from this work are in following. 1) For the single channel case the best angle was 0 degree because in that case, the air flow can keep 60% of the particles away from the lens which would otherwise stay on lens. 2) For the double channel case, the best solution was found when the angle of the first inlet was 0 degree and the angle of second inlet was 45 degree . In that case, the airflow can keep 91% of particles away from the lens which would otherwise stay on lens.

Rationality in children: the first steps

Not all categorization is conceptual. Many of the experimental findings concerning infant and animal categorization invite the hypothesis that the subjects form abstract perceptual representations, mental models or cognitive maps that are not composed of concepts. The paper is a reflection upon the idea that conceptual categorization involves the ability to make categorical judgements under the guidance of norms of rationality. These include a norm of truth-seeking and a norm of good evidence. Acceptance of these norms implies willingness to defer to cognitive authorities, unwillingness to commit oneself to contradictions, and knowledge of how to reorganize one's representational system upon discovering that one has made a mistake. It is proposed that the cognitive architecture required for basic rationality is similar to that which underlies pretend-play. The representational system must be able to make room for separate 'mental spaces' in which alternatives to the actual world are entertained. The same feature underlies the ability to understand modalities, time, the appearance-reality distinction, other minds, and ethics. Each area of understanding admits of degrees, and mastery (up to normal adult level) takes years. But rational concept-management, at least in its most rudimentary form, does not require a capacity to form second-order representations. It requires knowledge of how to operate upon, and compare, the contents of different mental spaces.

Utstillingens retorikk : et bidrag til en retorisk didaktikk for kunst og håndverk

The topic of this dissertation is the didactic exhibition in the Arts and Crafts subject. Exhibiting student work and art and form culture is part of a long professional tradition in the field. Yet, exhibition as form and as a way of learning are inadequately explored and debated. The didactic problem area of the thesis, where studies of formative practices are central, place it within the research field of Educational Slojd. The didactic standpoint and main theoretical perspective relate the project to the Arts didactics research field at the University College of Bergen where the aim is to develop an alternative didactics thinking for the arts; a rhetoric arts didactics. Didactic focus is shifted from the relationship between teacher – pupil – teaching materials, to studies of how knowledge is formulated in specific practices. The thesis has a premise that every exhibition has its own rhetoric and that didactics is inscribed in this rhetoric in the broadest and cultural sense. Through impulses from classical rhetoric and recent text theory, the thesis challenges the Arts and Crafts’s own idiom, its theoretical foundation and didactic grasp such as shown in the discourse established by the discipline and its specific exhibitive practices, as well as studying the relationship between verbal language and the discipline’s own register. The overall objective is to develop knowledge about exhibition rhetoric and its potential as a knowledge and learning arena in this field, and thereby contribute to developing a rhetoric didactics for the Arts and Crafts subject. This raises questions such as: How is an exhibition considered to be used and understood in the subject’s didactics texts and texts about didactics? How do different exhibition spaces inscribe conditions for exhibition work? How can a rhetoric perspective of didactics make aspects of an exhibition’s form register visible and contribute to knowledge of the creative processes in an exhibition? How do some selected exhibitions inscribe creativity and learning? What can a rhetoric perspective bring to the Arts and Crafts? A rhetoric didactics perspective includes knowledge of the tradition. A historical-ideological overview traces how exhibition, of both pupil/student work and of art and form culture, are used and considered as used in the discipline over time. This part can be read separately, but in this thesis, is primarily conceived as a backdrop for the development of the dissertation’s main rhetoric perspective. The empirical data are collected from my teacher training institution and consist of specific exhibition spaces and practices, of which my own production of two exhibitions can link the research to artistic development work. A rhetoric didactics is concrete, specific and contextual. The rhetoric readings are descriptive and show how culture and nature, temporality, materiality and technology are inscribed in the exhibition’s form. Didactic reflection develops from, and close to, the rhetoric readings of the exhibition’s form and content to finally arrive at a rhetorical concept for creativity and learning.

Coopetition as a lead generating mechanism: design, modelling and simulation

The aim of this research is to develop a tool that could allow to organize coopetitional relationships between organizations on the basis of two-sided Internet platform. The main result of current master thesis is a detailed description of the concept of the lead generating internet platform-based coopetition. With the tools of agent-based modelling and simulation, there were obtained results that could be used as a base for suggestion that the developed concept is able to cause a positive effect on some particular industries (e.g. web-design studios market) and potentially can bring some benefits and extra profitability for most companies that operate on this particular industry. Also on the basis of the results it can be assumed that the developed instrument is also able to increase the degree of transparency of the market to which it is applied.

The Confederate Air Corps Certificate, 1958

A certificate from The Confederate Air Corps that reads, "To all who shall see these presents, greeting: Know yes, that in recognition of his having manifested an unusually high regard for black-eyed peas, turnip greens, hog jowl, sow belly, pot likkers, grits, chittlins, and good old corn squeezins, Dorothy Rungeling is, as of this date, hereby appointed to the rank of Colonel in the Confederate Air Corps. This officer will, by virtue of this appointment, therefore, be obliged to carefully and diligently discharge the duties of the office to which appointed by doing and performing all manner of things thereunto belonging. As evidence of his good faith in accepting this commission, the officer named herein will continue to praise the glories of the Deep South, consume a true gentleman's share of the fares mentioned above, pay respectful homage to our lovely Southern Belles, save his Confederate money, harass the carpetbaggers, and always remember that damnyankee is one word. As Secretary of this Corps, I strictly charge and require all officers of the air militia of the South to render such obedience and courtesies as are due an Officer of this distinguished rank and honored position. Done at the City of Montgomery, Alabama, the Cradle of the Confederacy, this Seventh day of July in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and Fifty Eight." It is stamped with the name Thadeus P. Throckmorton - Secretary, Confederate Air Corps.

Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff, Casualty Details, Grave site information etc.

Copies (these items were copied from the internet) of Samuel DeVeaux's attestation paper, casualty details and a copy of a photo of Wailly Orchard Cemetery in which the old wooden crosses have been replaced by stones.

La propriété des créances : approche comparative

"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université de Montréal en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en Droit (L.L.D.) et à l'Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3"