Análisis de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para la caracterización de usuarios de la Web

En los últimos años, la realización de compras y todo tipo de trámites a través de Internet o aspectos como la presencia online de las personas han ido aumentando paulatinamente y no parece que esta tendencia vaya a invertirse a corto plazo. Esto ha provocado que los requisitos de rendimiento y personalización exigidos a estos servicios se hayan visto incrementados notablemente. Cada vez más empresas y organizaciones de todo tipo señalan la importancia que tiene una gestión adecuada de las trazas de sus usuarios para tener éxito en el mercado digital. A partir de ellas se puede obtener información que redunda en incrementos de las capacidades de adaptación y del valor de las aplicaciones. En este sentido, los avances en el campo de la ciencia de los datos y en concreto, en el aprendizaje automático, han supuesto una pieza clave en el desarrollo de técnicas que permiten analizar y extraer el máximo conocimiento posible a partir de los grandes volúmenes de datos generados por la actividad de la Web. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio de las fases, técnicas y metodologías que actualmente se aplican en el transcurso de los proyectos de ciencia de datos y en la disciplina del aprendizaje automático. Una vez se hayan identificado aquellas más utilizadas, se aplicarán a un ejemplo realista perteneciente al ámbito de la minería web. En concreto, se desarrollarán modelos predictivos por medio de diferentes algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (regresión logística o reglas de asociación, entre otros) que permitan modelar el comportamiento de los usuarios y predecir la página web que van a visitar a continuación. Para ello se hará uso del paquete estadístico R y de la plataforma de desarrollo RStudio. Posteriormente, se procederá a determinar los principales obstáculos que se derivan de la aplicación de las técnicas del aprendizaje automático así como a determinar el rendimiento que pueden llegar a alcanzar en la práctica. Así mismo se propondrán posibles aplicaciones de los resultados obtenidos con la finalidad de proporcionar valor de negocio dentro de un entorno real. Finalmente, se desarrollarán una serie de componentes de visualización web que permitan presentar de forma gráfica los resultados extraídos del análisis así como interactuar con los distintos modelos en tiempo real. A partir de todo lo anterior se establecerá una comparativa entre los distintos modelos producidos y se destacarán las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada uno de ellos. Con todo ello se presentarán unas recomendaciones finales que recojan los factores a tener en cuenta a la hora de aplicar estos algoritmos al caso concreto de los datos de uso web.

Integración de Spring, Hibernate y JSF en el desarrollo de aplicaciones web

Este proyecto está centrado en investigar la utilización de los frameworks de Java Spring,Hibernate y JSF en el desarrollo de aplicaciones web. Para poder analizar sus ventajas e inconvenientes, he realizado un caso práctico, una aplicación web llamada “Votación de Product Box”. Las primeras dos secciones de este proyecto son este resumen del proyecto y un abstract, es decir, este mismo resumen, en inglés. En la introducción (sección tercera), definiré los objetivos del proyecto, luego en la cuarta sección explicaré las características principales de cada framework, destacando sus ventajas. Una vez presentados los frameworks, paso a explicar el caso práctico, definiendo los requisitos de la aplicación Web y sus casos de uso en la quinta sección. Describo el entorno de desarrollo, las herramientas utilizadas y la razón por las cuales las he elegido en la sexta sección. Ahora explico cómo he realizado la integración de los tres frameworks en la aplicación (sección séptima) y la relaciono por medio de diagramas de clase y de entidad-relación (sección octava). Por último he realizado un tutorial de uso de la aplicación Web (sección novena), he sacado las conclusiones de haber trabajado con estos frameworks, qué ventajas e inconvenientes he encontrado y qué he aprendido a lo largo de este proyecto (sección décima),y he referenciado una bibliografía por si se quiere profundizar en el estudio de estos frameworks (sección undécima). ABSTRACT This project focuses on investigating the use of Java frameworks Spring, JSF and Hibernate on the development of Web applications. To analyze their advantages and disadvantages, I have made a practical example, a website called “Votación de Product Box”. The first two sections of this project are the project summary and abstract (the same summary in English). In the introduction (section three), I define the project goals, and then, in the fourth section, I explain the main features of each framework, emphasizing on its advantages. After introducing the frameworks, I explain the study case, I gather requirements and I make use cases in the fifth section. I describe the development environment, the tools used and the reason why I have chosen them in the sixth section. So I can explain how I made the integration of the three frameworks in the application (section seventh) and relate through class diagrams and entity relationship (section eight). Finally I make a tutorial to use the Web application (Section ninth), I draw to the conclusions of working with these frameworks, which advantages and disadvantages I have found, and I what things I learned through this project (tenth section) and I have a referenced bibliography just in case you want to find out some more about these frameworks (section eleven).

Análisis, diseño e implementación de un SDK híbrido basado en tecnologías web para la integración de clientes contra una plataforma de servicios RESTFul/JSON

En el departamento de Ocio Digital de bq se desarrollan multitud de proyectos con diferentes modelos de negocio y diferentes stack tecnológicos. Para llevar a cabo todos estos proyectos, es necesario tener un ecosistema de desarrollo lo más unificado y centralizado posible. Por eso, en el departamento existe una plataforma genérica de servicios REST sobre la que se apoyan todos los aplicativos desarrollados. Para agilizar y facilitar la integración de los aplicativos con la plataforma de servicios,se desarrolla este SDK (Software Development Kit) basado en JavaScript llamado corbel-js. Este SDK ha de funcionar tanto en aplicaciones web, como en un middleware basado en node.js desarrollado también en la organización, por lo que el SDK se ha desarrollado de forma híbrida, siendo capaz de ejecutarse tanto en en el lado del cliente, como en el lado del servidor. Además, como parte de la filosofía del departamento, el desarrollo del SDK está basado en tecnologías Open Source, usando metodologías ágiles de desarrollo y un sistema de integración continua y revisión de código, garantizando la calidad del mismo. ABSTRACT A lot of different kinds of software projects are developed in the digital department of bq. To easily develop all of these projects, each one with its own business model and technology stack, it is necessary to have an unique software ecosystem. Because of that, in the software department a generic service REST platform has been developed. To support an easy integration of the applications with the service platform of the organization, this SDK(Software Development Kit) has been developed in JavaScript. As the SDK has to run under a web application and under a software middleware based in node.js, also developed in the organization, the SDK is hybrid, being capable of run inside a web client application or inside a node.js application server. As a part of the software philosophy of the department, the development of the SDK is made with a whole open source software stack, using agile software methodologies.

Desarrollo de una aplicación web con Spring Framework para un gestor de un recetario

Este proyecto tiene como intención llevar a cabo el desarrollo de una aplicación basada en tecnologías Web utilizando Spring Framework, una infraestructura de código abierto para la plataforma Java. Se realizará primero un estudio teórico sobre las características de Spring para luego poder implementar una aplicación utilizando dicha tecnología como ejemplo práctico. La primera parte constará de un análisis sobre las características más significativas de Spring, recogiendo de esta forma información sobre todos los componentes del framework necesarios para desarrollar una aplicación genérica. El objetivo es descubrir y analizar cómo Spring facilita la implementación de un proyecto con arquitectura MVC y cómo permite integrar seguridad, internacionalización y otros conceptos de forma transparente. La segunda parte, el desarrollo de la aplicación web, sirve como demostración práctica de cómo utilizar los conocimientos recogidos sobre Spring. Se desarrollará una aplicación que gestiona un recetario generado por una comunidad de usuarios. La aplicación contiene un registro de usuarios que deberán autenticarse para poder ver sus datos personales y modificarlos si lo desean. Dependiendo del tipo de usuarios, tendrán acceso a distintas zonas de la aplicación y tendrán un rango distinto de acciones disponibles. Las acciones principales son la visualización de recetas, la creación de recetas, la modificación o eliminación de recetas propias y la modificación o eliminación de recetas de los demás usuarios. Las recetas constarán de un nombre, una descripción, una fotografía del resultado, tiempos estimados, dificultad estimada, una lista de ingredientes y sus cantidades y finalmente una serie de pasos con fotografías demostrativas si se desea añadir. Los administradores, un tipo específico de usuarios, podrán acceder a una lista de usuarios para monitorizarlos, modificarlos o añadir y quitarles permisos. ABSTRACT The purpose of this project is the development of an application based on Web technologies with the use of Spring Framework, an open-source application framework for the Java platform. A theoretical study on the characteristics of Spring will be performed first, followed by the implementation of an application using said technology to show as object lesson. The first part consists of an analysis of the most significant features of Spring, thus collecting information on all components of the framework necessary to develop a generic app. The goal is to discover and analyze how Spring helps develop a project based on a MVC architecture and how it allows seamless integration of security, internationalization and other concepts. The second part, the development of the web application, serves as a practical demonstration of how to use the knowledge gleaned about Spring. An application will be developed to manage a cookbook generated by a community of users. The application has a set of users who have to authenticate themselves to be able to see their personal data and modify it if they wish to do so. Depending on the user type, the user will be able to access different parts of the application and will have a different set of possible actions. The main possible actions are: creation recipes, modification or deletion of owned recipes and the modification and deletion of any recipe. The recipes consist its name, a description, a photograph, estimated times and difficulties, a list of ingredients along with their quantities and lastly a series of steps to follow along with demonstrative photographs if desired; and other information such as categories or difficulties. The administrators, a specific type of users, will have access to a list of users where they can monitor them, modify them or grant and remove privileges.

Aplicación web de gestión financiera personal desarrollada con MEAN.JS

En este trabajo de fin de grado se llevará a cabo la elaboración de una aplicación web de gestión de gastos personales desde sus inicios, hasta su completo funcionamiento. Estas aplicaciones poseen un crecimiento emergente en el mercado, lo cual implica que la competencia entre ellas es muy elevada. Por ello el diseño de la aplicación que se va a desarrollar en este trabajo ha sido delicadamente cuidado. Se trata de un proceso minucioso el cual aportará a cada una de las partes de las que va a constar la aplicación características únicas que se plasmaran en funcionalidades para el usuario, como son: añadir sus propios gastos e ingresos mensuales, confeccionar gráficos de sus principales gastos, obtención de consejos de una fuente externa, etc… Estas funcionalidades de carácter único junto con otras más generalistas, como son el diseño gráfico en una amplia gama de colores, harán su manejo más fácil e intuitivo. Hay que destacar que para optimizar su uso, la aplicación tendrá la característica de ser responsive, es decir, será capaz de modificar su interfaz según el tamaño de la pantalla del dispositivo desde el que se acceda. Para su desarrollo, se va a utilizar una de las tecnologías más novedosas del mercado y siendo una de las más revolucionarias del momento, MEAN.JS. Con esta innovadora tecnología se creará la aplicación de gestión económica de gastos personales. Gracias al carácter innovador de aplicar esta tecnología novedosa, los retos que plantea este proyecto son muy variados, desde cómo estructurar las carpetas del proyecto y toda la parte de backend hasta como realizar el diseño de la parte de frontend. Además una vez finalizado su desarrollo y puesta en marcha se analizaran posibles mejoras para poder perfeccionarla en su totalidad. ABSTRACT In this final degree project will take out the development of a web application from its inception, until its full performance management. These applications have an emerging market growth, implying that competition between them is very high. Therefore the design of the application that will be developed in this work has been delicately care. It's a painstaking process which will provide each of the parties which will contain the application unique features that were translated into functionality for the user, such as: add their own expenses and monthly income, make graphs of your major expenses, obtaining advice from an external source, etc... These features of unique character together with other more general, such as graphic design in a wide range of colors, will make more easy and intuitive handling. It should be noted that to optimize its use, the application will have the characteristic of being responsive, will be able to modify your interface according to the size of the screen of the device from which are accessed. For its development, it is to use one of the newest technologies on the market and being one of the most revolutionary moment, MEAN. JS. The economic management of personal expenses application will be created with this innovative technology. Thanks to the innovative nature of applying this new technology, the challenges posed by this project are varied, from how to structure the folders of the project and all the backend part up to how to perform the part of frontend design. In addition once finished its development and commissioning possible improvements will analyze to be able to perfect it in its entirety.

Desarrollo de una aplicación web para la gestión de restaurantes

Actualmente existen una gran cantidad de restaurantes diferentes en todo el mundo, tanto por su tipo de comida, especial de cada país o ciudad, como por la forma en que ofrecen sus servicios o por la temática que presentan al público. Cada día, millones de personas buscan el restaurante perfecto donde disfrutar de un desayuno, comida o cena, solos o en compañía de otras personas. A veces no es nada fácil encontrar sitios nuevos a los que ir, alejándonos un poco de la rutina del día a día. O simplemente queremos viajar a otra ciudad o país y no sabemos dónde podemos ir a comer, o dónde encontrar la comida típica. Por otra parte, a veces los propios restaurantes encuentran un poco difícil la tarea de darse a conocer o promocionar su comida. De este planteamiento surge la idea de realizar una aplicación web en la que los restaurantes puedan crear una cuenta y personalizarla para que ésta sea fiel a la imagen del establecimiento, y no una página más entre miles de restaurantes. Además, esta aplicación será el medio perfecto para que las personas puedan buscar ese lugar al que quieren ir a disfrutar de su comida, de una manera rápida y eficaz y todo desde una misma página web. ABSTRACT Currently, there are a huge amount of different restaurants around the world, and they are different for their type of food, which is specific of each country or city, for the way they offer their services or for the thematic they present to the customers. Every day, millions of people search for the perfect restaurant where they can enjoy their breakfast, lunch or dinner, on their own or in company of others. Sometimes it is not easy to find new places to go, getting away from the routine of the day-to-day. Or simply we want to travel to another country or city and we don’t know where we can go out for a meal, or where we can find the typical food. On the other hand, sometimes the restaurants find it hard to make themselves known or to promote their food. From this proposal appears the idea of making a web application where the restaurants could create an account and customize it so it is faithful to the image of the establishment and it is not just one more web page among miles of restaurants. In addition, this application will be the perfect way for people to search that place where they want to go to enjoy their meal, in a fast and efficient way and everything through the same web page.

Herramienta EN 301 549: cliente web

En el año 2014 se publicó, bajo mandato de la Comisión Europea, la Norma Europea EN 301 549, titulada “Requisitos de accesibilidad de productos y servicios TIC aplicables a la contratación pública en Europa”. El objetivo de dicha norma es que los productos o servicios TIC (Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación) adquiridos por cualquier administración pública europea puedan ser utilizados por personas con diversas características y capacidades, incluyendo a personas con discapacidad. La norma EN 301 549 es compleja, ya que contiene más de 200 requisitos y recomendaciones, que se aplican o no a un producto o servicio TIC en función de las características de dicho producto o servicio. Por ello se ha planteado, desde el Grupo de Investigación en Tecnología Informática y de las Comunicaciones (CETTICO), el desarrollo de una herramienta de soporte a la evaluación del cumplimiento de la norma. La herramienta permitirá a grupos de trabajo anotar los resultados de la evaluación de accesibilidad de un producto o servicio TIC siguiendo los requisitos de la norma Europea EN 301 549. Este trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en el diseño y codificación del cliente web de la herramienta. Se parte de los resultados de un TFG y un practicum anteriores. En el TFG realizado por Laura Elorrieta [Elorrieta, 2014], se diseñó la interacción del sistema y se evaluó su grado de usabilidad. En el practicum [Montero, 2015], posterior al TFG de Laura Elorrieta, se eligieron las tecnologías web que se iban a utilizar y se realizó el diseño y la implementación mediante prototipos iterativos de la gestión de proyectos de evaluación. El trabajo que se ha realizado en el TFG ha consistido en el diseño de la interfaz de usuario analizando los cambios a realizar en el diseño, debido a los errores de usabilidad conocidos, y la implementación del prototipo funcional de la herramienta. Junto con la parte servidor del TFG de mi compañero Rubén Ortiz Burgos y la interfaz de usuario de este TFG se ha obtenido una aplicación web para realizar evaluaciones de accesibilidad de productos o servicios TIC siguiendo los requisitos de la norma EN 301 549. El prototipo funcional contiene diez páginas web que recogen las diferentes acciones y tareas que pueden realizar los usuarios en función del rol que desempeñen. EL diseño y la implementación se han llevado a cabo empleando las tecnologías web HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, jQuery y las librerías de Foundation frontend framework.---ABSTRACT---In 2014, under the European Commission mandate, the European standard EN 301 549 has been published under the title “Accessibility requirements applicable to ICT products and procurement services in Europe”. The goal of this standard is that the products or services ICT (Information Communication Technology) acquires by every European public administration can be used by every person with different characteristics and capacities, including those with disability. The rule EN 301549 is very complex, since it has more than 200 requirements and recommendations that can be or not applied to an ICT product or service based on its characteristics of the given product or service. That’s why a development of a support tool has been proposed to the rating of the compliance of the rule, by the Research Group of Informatics Technology and Communication. This tool will allow working groups to record the results of the compliance of accessibility of a product or service following the requirements of the European Standard EN 301549. This Final Degree Work focuses in the design and the coding of the web customer of this tool. The results of a TFG and previous practicums have been used for this. The TFG performed by Laura Elorrieta [Elorrieta, 2014], the interaction of the system was designed and degree of usability was evaluated. In the practicum [Montero, 2015], after the TFG Laura Elorrieta, web technologies used were chosen and the design and implementation were performed using iterative prototyping project management evaluation. The work done on the TFG was to design the users interface to perform analyzing changes in design due to errors known usability and working prototype implementation of the tool. Together with the server part of the TFG my partner Rubén Ortiz Burgos and the user interface done of this TFG it has obtained a web application for the conduct of evaluations accessibility of products or services ICT following the requirements of the EN 301 549. The functional prototype contains ten web sites that collect the various activities and tasks that users can perform based on the role they perform. The design and implementation have been carried out using the technologies web HTML5, CSS3, Java Script, jQuery and the libraries of Foundation fronted framework.

Fail-Safe Testing of Web Applications

This dissertation introduces an approach to generate tests to test fail-safe behavior for web applications. We apply the approach to a commercial web application. We build models for both behavioral and mitigation requirements. We create mitigation tests from an existing functional black box test suite by determining failure type and points of failure in the test suite and weaving required mitigation based on weaving rules to generate a test suite that tests proper mitigation of failures. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to determine points of failure and type of failure that needs to be tested. Mitigation test paths are woven into the behavioral test at the point of failure based on failure specific weaving rules. A simulator was developed to evaluate choice of parameters for the genetic algorithm. We showed how to tune the fitness function and performed tuning experiments for GA to determine what values to use for exploration weight and prospecting weight. We found that higher defect densities make prospecting and mining more successful, while lower mitigation defect densities need more exploration. We compare efficiency and effectiveness of the approach. First, the GA approach is compared to random selection. The results show that the GA performance was better than random selection and that the approach was robust when the search space increased. Second, we compare the GA against four coverage criteria. The results of comparison show that test requirements generated by a genetic algorithm (GA) are more efficient than three of the four coverage criteria for large search spaces. They are equally effective. For small search spaces, the genetic algorithm is less effective than three of the four coverage criteria. The fourth coverage criteria is too weak and unable to find all defects in almost all cases. We also present a large case study of a mortgage system at one of our industrial partners and show how we formalize the approach. We evaluate the use of a GA to create test requirements. The evaluation includes choice of initial population, multiplicity of runs and a discussion of the cost of evaluating fitness. Finally, we build a selective regression testing approach based on types of changes (add, delete, or modify) that could occur in the behavioral model, the fault model, the mitigation models, the weaving rules, and the state-event matrix. We provide a systematic method by showing the formalization steps for each type of change to the various models.

Empirical study on the maintainability of Web applications: Model-driven Engineering vs Code-centric

Model-driven Engineering (MDE) approaches are often acknowledged to improve the maintainability of the resulting applications. However, there is a scarcity of empirical evidence that backs their claimed benefits and limitations with respect to code-centric approaches. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance and satisfaction of junior software maintainers while executing maintainability tasks on Web applications with two different development approaches, one being OOH4RIA, a model-driven approach, and the other being a code-centric approach based on Visual Studio .NET and the Agile Unified Process. We have conducted a quasi-experiment with 27 graduated students from the University of Alicante. They were randomly divided into two groups, and each group was assigned to a different Web application on which they performed a set of maintainability tasks. The results show that maintaining Web applications with OOH4RIA clearly improves the performance of subjects. It also tips the satisfaction balance in favor of OOH4RIA, although not significantly. Model-driven development methods seem to improve both the developers’ objective performance and subjective opinions on ease of use of the method. This notwithstanding, further experimentation is needed to be able to generalize the results to different populations, methods, languages and tools, different domains and different application sizes.

Sistema WEB para gestão de dossier de clientes da CPI RETAIL

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desenvolvimento de Software e Sistemas Interativos, realizada sob a orientação científica do Doutor Fernando Reinaldo Ribeiro, Professor Adjunto da Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco

Using the R package Shiny to create web applications that facilitate quantitative gene expression analysis

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

UncertWeb processing service:making models easer to access on the web

Models are central tools for modern scientists and decision makers, and there are many existing frameworks to support their creation, execution and composition. Many frameworks are based on proprietary interfaces, and do not lend themselves to the integration of models from diverse disciplines. Web based systems, or systems based on web services, such as Taverna and Kepler, allow composition of models based on standard web service technologies. At the same time the Open Geospatial Consortium has been developing their own service stack, which includes the Web Processing Service, designed to facilitate the executing of geospatial processing - including complex environmental models. The current Open Geospatial Consortium service stack employs Extensible Markup Language as a default data exchange standard, and widely-used encodings such as JavaScript Object Notation can often only be used when incorporated with Extensible Markup Language. Similarly, no successful engagement of the Web Processing Service standard with the well-supported technologies of Simple Object Access Protocol and Web Services Description Language has been seen. In this paper we propose a pure Simple Object Access Protocol/Web Services Description Language processing service which addresses some of the issues with the Web Processing Service specication and brings us closer to achieving a degree of interoperability between geospatial models, and thus realising the vision of a useful 'model web'.

Describing and communicating uncertainty within the semantic web

The Semantic Web relies on carefully structured, well defined, data to allow machines to communicate and understand one another. In many domains (e.g. geospatial) the data being described contains some uncertainty, often due to incomplete knowledge; meaningful processing of this data requires these uncertainties to be carefully analysed and integrated into the process chain. Currently, within the SemanticWeb there is no standard mechanism for interoperable description and exchange of uncertain information, which renders the automated processing of such information implausible, particularly where error must be considered and captured as it propagates through a processing sequence. In particular we adopt a Bayesian perspective and focus on the case where the inputs / outputs are naturally treated as random variables. This paper discusses a solution to the problem in the form of the Uncertainty Markup Language (UncertML). UncertML is a conceptual model, realised as an XML schema, that allows uncertainty to be quantified in a variety of ways i.e. realisations, statistics and probability distributions. UncertML is based upon a soft-typed XML schema design that provides a generic framework from which any statistic or distribution may be created. Making extensive use of Geography Markup Language (GML) dictionaries, UncertML provides a collection of definitions for common uncertainty types. Containing both written descriptions and mathematical functions, encoded as MathML, the definitions within these dictionaries provide a robust mechanism for defining any statistic or distribution and can be easily extended. Universal Resource Identifiers (URIs) are used to introduce semantics to the soft-typed elements by linking to these dictionary definitions. The INTAMAP (INTeroperability and Automated MAPping) project provides a use case for UncertML. This paper demonstrates how observation errors can be quantified using UncertML and wrapped within an Observations & Measurements (O&M) Observation. The interpolation service uses the information within these observations to influence the prediction outcome. The output uncertainties may be encoded in a variety of UncertML types, e.g. a series of marginal Gaussian distributions, a set of statistics, such as the first three marginal moments, or a set of realisations from a Monte Carlo treatment. Quantifying and propagating uncertainty in this way allows such interpolation results to be consumed by other services. This could form part of a risk management chain or a decision support system, and ultimately paves the way for complex data processing chains in the Semantic Web.

A Two Layered Model for Evolving Web Resources

In this paper the key features of a two-layered model for describing the semantic of dynamical web resources are introduced. In the current Semantic Web proposal [Berners-Lee et al., 2001] web resources are classified into static ontologies which describes the semantic network of their inter-relationships [Kalianpur, 2001][Handschuh & Staab, 2002] and complex constraints described by logical quantified formula [Boley et al., 2001][McGuinnes & van Harmelen, 2004][McGuinnes et al., 2004], the basic idea is that software agents can use techniques of automatic reasoning in order to relate resources and to support sophisticated web application. On the other hand, web resources are also characterized by their dynamical aspects, which are not adequately addressed by current web models. Resources on the web are dynamical since, in the minimal case, they can appear or disappear from the web and their content is upgraded. In addition, resources can traverse different states, which characterized the resource life-cycle, each resource state corresponding to different possible uses of the resource. Finally most resources are timed, i.e. they information they provide make sense only if contextualised with respect to time, and their validity and accuracy is greatly bounded by time. Temporal projection and deduction based on dynamical and time constraints of the resources can be made and exploited by software agents [Hendler, 2001] in order to make previsions about the availability and the state of a resource, for deciding when consulting the resource itself or in order to deliberately induce a resource state change for reaching some agent goal, such as in the automated planning framework [Fikes & Nilsson, 1971][Bacchus & Kabanza,1998].

Modular Digital Watermarking for Image Verification and Secure Data Storage in Web Applications

Our modular approach to data hiding is an innovative concept in the data hiding research field. It enables the creation of modular digital watermarking methods that have extendable features and are designed for use in web applications. The methods consist of two types of modules – a basic module and an application-specific module. The basic module mainly provides features which are connected with the specific image format. As JPEG is a preferred image format on the Internet, we have put a focus on the achievement of a robust and error-free embedding and retrieval of the embedded data in JPEG images. The application-specific modules are adaptable to user requirements in the concrete web application. The experimental results of the modular data watermarking are very promising. They indicate excellent image quality, satisfactory size of the embedded data and perfect robustness against JPEG transformations with prespecified compression ratios. ACM Computing Classification System (1998): C.2.0.