Brazil and India: two BRICs as a building bloc for South-South cooperation""

Includes Bibliography

Study of the building and decorative materials and techniques used in Hungarian Roman sites

The aims of this research were: - To identify the characteristics, properties and provenance of the building and decorative material found in three Hungarian Roman sites: Nagyharsány, Nemesvámos-Balácapuszta and Aquincum - To provide a database of information on the different sites - To have an overview of main conservation strategies applied in Hungary. Geological studies, macroscopical and microscopical observations, XRD investigations, physical and chemical analyses allowed us to define the characteristics and properties of the different kinds of collected materials. Building stones sampled from Nagyharsány site showed two different kinds of massive limestone belonging to the areas surrounding the villa. Also Building stones sampled from Nemesvámos-Balácapuszta Roman villa proved to be compatible with limestone belonging to local sources. Mural painting fragments show that all samples are units composed of multilayered structures. Mosaic tesserae can be classified as following: -Pale yellow , blackish and pink tesserae are comparable with local limestone; -White tessera, composed of marble, was probably imported from distant regions of the Empire, as the usual practice of Romans. Mortars present different characteristics according to the age, the site and the functions: -Building mortars are generally lime based, white or pale yellow in colour, present a high percentage of aggregates represented by fine sand; -Supporting mortars from both mosaics and mural paintings are reddish or pinkish in colour, due to the presence of high percentage of brick dust and tiles fragments, and present a higher content of MgO. Although the condition of the sites, there is an insignificant content of soluble salts. Database The whole study has allowed us to provide work sheets for each samples, including all characteristics and properties. Furthermore, all sites included in the frame of the research have been described and illustrated on the base of their floor plans, material and construction methodologies. It can be concluded that: 1. In Nagyharsány Archaeological site, it is possible to define a sequence of different construction phases on the base of the study of building material and mortars. The results are comparable with the chronology of the site provided by the archaeologists 2. The material used for construction was of local origin while the more precious ones, used for decorative elements, were probably imported from long distance 3. Construction techniques in Hungary mainly refer to the usual Roman knowledge and practice (Vitruvius); few differences have been found 4. The database will represent an archive for Archaeologists, Historians and Conservators dealing with Roman period in Hungary.

Hyperbranched polyether polyols as building blocks for complex macromolecular architectures

The present thesis deals with the development of new branched polymer architectures containing hyperbranched polyglycerol. Materials investigated include hyperbranched oligomers, hyperbranched polyglycerols containing functional initiator-cores at the focal point, well-defined linear-hyperbranched block copolymers and also negatively charged hyperbranched polyelectrolytes.rnHyperbranched oligoglycerols (DPn = 7 and 14) have been synthesized for the first time. The materials show narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn ca. 1.45) and a very low content in cyclic homopolymers. 13C NMR evidences the dendritic structure of the oligomers and the DB could be calculated (44% and 52%). These new oligoglycerols were compared with the industrial products obtained by polycondensation which exhibit narrow polydispersity (Mw/Mn<1.3) butrnmultimodal distribution in SEC. Detailed 13C NMR and Maldi-ToF studies reveal the presence of branched units and cyclic compounds. In comparison, the hyperbranched oligoglycerols comprise a very low proportion of cyclic homopolymer which render them very interesting materials for biomedical applications for example.rnThe site isolation of the core moiety in dendritic structure offers intriguing potential with respect to peculiar electro-optical properties. Various initiator-cores (n-alkyl amines, UVabsorbing amines and benzophenone) for the ROMBP of glycidol have been tested. The bisglycidolized amine initiator-cores show the best control over the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution. The photochemical analyses of the naphthalene containingrnhyperbranched polyglycerols show a slight red shift, a pronounced hypochromic effect (decrease of the intensity of the band) compared with the parent model compound and the formation of a relative compact structure. The benzophenone containing polymers adopt an open structure in polar solvents. The fluorescence measurements show a clear “dendritic effect” on the fluorescence intensities and the quantum yield of the encapsulated benzophenone.rnA convenient 3-step strategy has been developed for the preparation of well-defined amphiphilic, linear-hyperbranched block copolymers via hypergrafting. The procedure represents a combination of carbanionic polymerization with the alkoxide-based, controlled ring-opening multibranching polymerization of glycidol. Materials consisting of a polystyrene linear block and a hyperbranched polyglycerol block exhibit narrow polydispersity (1.01-1.02rnfor 5.4% to 27% wt. PG and 1.74 for 52% wt. PG) with a high grafting efficiency. The strategy was also extended to materials with a linear polyisoprene block.rnDetailed investigations of the solution properties of the block copolymers with linear polystyrene blocks show that block copolymer micelles are stabilized by the highly branched block. The morphology of the aggregates is depending on the solvent: in chloroform monodisperse spherical shape aggregates and in toluene ellipsoidal aggregates are formed. On graphite these aggregates show interesting features, giving promising potential applications with respect to the presence of a very dense, functional and stable hyperbranched block.rnThe bulk morphology of the linear-hyperbranched block copolymers has been investigated. The materials with a linear polyisoprene block only behave like complex liquids due to the low Tg and the disordered nature of both components. For the materials with polystyrene, only the sample with 27% wt. hyperbranched polyglycerol forms some domains showing lamellae.rnThe preparation of hyperbranched polyelectrolytes was achieved by post-modification of the hydroxyl groups via Michael addition of acrylonitrile, followed by hydrolysis. In aqueous solution materials form large aggregates with size depending on the pH value. After deposition on mica the structures observed by AFM show the coexistence of aggregates andrnunimers. For the low molecular weight sample (PG 520 g·mol-1) extended and highly ordered terrace structures were observed. Materials were also successfully employed for the fabrication of composite organic-inorganic multilayer thin films, using electrostatic layer-bylayer self-assembly coupled with chemical vapor deposition.

Aminoxyl radicals - pure organic materials with tunable magnetic and sensing properties

Stabile Radikale haben in vielen Bereichen der Chemie, Physik, Biologie und Biomedizin ihren Nutzen unter Beweis gestellt. Gerade im letzten Jahrzehnt erlebte diese Substanzklasse vor allem wegen den Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Nitroxiden als Red-Ox-Sensoren oder magnetischen Materialen ein erneutes Interesse. Das erste Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der grundlegenden Theorie zur Entwicklung magnetischer Materialien. Des Weiteren sollen anhand einiger Beispiele Radikale im Komplex mit paragmagnetischen Metallen, Biradikale und Polyradikale beschrieben werden. rnrnIm zweiten Kapitel soll auf die Synthese von Hybrid Fluorophore-Nitrononyl-Nitroxid und Iminonitroxidradiale, sowie ihre Charakterisierung über IR, CV, EPR und Röntgenstrukturanalyse eingegangen werden. Mittels UV/Vis-Spektroskopie soll hierbei eine mögliche Anwendung als Red-Ox-Sensoren festgestellt werden. Hierbei werden über anschließende PL Untersuchungen eben diese Sensoreigenschaften der dargestellten Radikale bestätigt werden. Vielmehr noch soll die Möglichkeit von Pyren-Pyrazol-Nitronyl-Nitroxid als NO-Nachweis erläutert werden.rnrnFortschritte sowohl im Design als auch in der Analyse von magnetischen Materialen auf der Basis von Nitroxiden ist Thema des dritten Kapitels. Über ein klassisches Ullmann-Protokoll wurden verschiedene Nitronyl-Nitroxid und Iminonitroxid Biradiale mit unterschiedlichen π-Brücken zwischen den Radikalzentren synthetisiert. Magnetische Messungen belegen einen relativ starken antiferromagnetischen intramolekularen Austausch für den Großteil der untersuchten Biradikale. Hierbei zeigte sich jedoch eine außergewöhnliche hohe Austausch-Kupplung für 3,3‘-Diazatolandiradikale, die nur über die Existenz von starken intermolekularen Wechselwirkungen beschrieben werden kann. Durch Kombination der Röntgenstrukturanalyse mit DFT Berechnungen konnte im Fall des Tolan verbrückten Diradikals 87c die Intra-Dimer-Kupplung auf Jintra = -8,6 K bestimmt werden. Ein direkter Beweis für eine intermolekulare Anlagerung von Jinter ~- 2K konnte über eine Tieftemperatur AC-Messung von 87c erhalten werden. Bezüglich der magnetischen Messung ist das Nitronyl Biradikal 87c ein vielversprechender Kandidat für einen rein organischen eindimensionalen Quantenmagnet.rnrnAbsicht dieser Untersuchungen ist es zu zeigen, dass über die Kombination verschiedener struktureller Elemente die Sensitivität von Nitroxid basierten Sensoren und die intramolekulare Austauschwechselwirkung in π-konjugierten Spinsystemen so eingestellt werden kann, dass es möglich ist Moleküle mit gezielten Sensor- oder Magneteigenschaften zu entwickeln. rn

Novel porphyrin amino acids as building blocks for artificial photosynthetic reaction centers : photoinduced energy and electron transfer

This thesis reports on the synthesis and characterisation of trans-(M)AB2C meso-substituted porphyrin amino acid esters (PAr) (M = 2H or Zn) with tunable electron donating and electron withdrawing Ar substituents at B positions (Ar = 4-C6H4OnBu, 4-C6H4OMe, 2,4,6-C6H2Me3, 4-C6H4Me, C6H5, 4-C6H4F, 4-C6H4CF3, C6F5). These porphyrins were used as key building blocks for photosynthetic LHC (LHC = light-harvesting antenna complex) and RC (RC = reaction center) model compounds.rnBased on free-base or zinc(II) porphyrin amino acid esters and porphyrin acids several amide linked free-base bis(porphyrins) PAr1-PAr2 (Ar1 = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3, C6F5 and Ar2 = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3, 4-C6H4F, 4-C6H4CF3, C6F5), mono metallated bis(porphyrin) PAr1-(Zn)PAr2 (Ar1 = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3 and Ar2 =4-C6H4F) and its doubly zincated complexes (Zn)PAr1-(Zn)PAr2 were prepared. In the fluorescence spectra of free-base bis(porphyrins) the porphyrin with the strongest electron donating power of Ar substituents at B positions is the light emitting unity. The emission of mono metallated bis(porphyrin) occurs only from the free-base porphyrin building block. This phenomenon is caused by an efficient energy transfer likely via the Dexter through-bond mechanism.rnLinking of anthraquinone (Q) as electron acceptor (A) to the N-terminus of porphyrin amino acid esters ((M)PAr) and aminoferrocene (Fc) as electron donor (D) to the C-terminus of the porphyrin resulting in Q-(M)PAr-Fc triads (M = 2H or Zn, Ar = 4-C6H4OnBu, 4-C6H4OMe, 2,4,6-C6H2Me3, 4-C6H4Me, C6H5, 4-C6H4F, 4-C6H4CF3, C6F5) with tunable electron density at the porphyrin chromophore. In these triads initial oxidative PET (Q←(M)PAr) and reductive PET ((M)PAr→Fc) (PET = photoinduced electron transfer) are possible. Both processes leads to an emission quenching of (M)PAr. The efficiency of the PET pathways occurring in the Marcus normal region is controlled by the specific porphyrin electron density.rnAmide-linked conjugates PAr-Fc (Ar = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3, C6F5) and Fmoc-Fc-PAr1 (N-Fmoc-Fc = N-Fmoc protected 1,1’-ferrocene amino acid; Ar1 = C6H5, 4-C6H4F, 4-C6H4CF3, C6F5) as well as hinges PAr2-Fc-PAr1 (Ar1 = C6H5, 4-C6H4F and Ar2 = 2,4,6-C6H2Me3) were studied with respect to the reductive PET. The PET driving force (−GET) in dyads increases with the increasing electron withdrawing character of Ar substituents. Additionally, intramolecular energy transfer between porphyrins PAr1 and PAr2 is feasible in the hinges via the Förster mechanism.rn

Nucleation studies on graphics processing units

Ein System in einem metastabilen Zustand muss eine bestimmte Barriere in derrnfreien Energie überwinden um einen Tropfen der stabilen Phase zu formen.rnHerkömmliche Untersuchungen nehmen hierbei kugelförmige Tropfen an. Inrnanisotropen Systemen (wie z.B. Kristallen) ist diese Annahme aber nicht ange-rnbracht. Bei tiefen Temperaturen wirkt sich die Anisotropie des Systems starkrnauf die freie Energie ihrer Oberfläche aus. Diese Wirkung wird oberhalb derrnAufrauungstemperatur T R schwächer. Das Ising-Modell ist ein einfaches Mo-rndell, welches eine solche Anisotropie aufweist. Wir führen großangelegte Sim-rnulationen durch, um die Effekte, die mit einer endlichen Simulationsbox ein-rnhergehen, sowie statistische Ungenauigkeiten möglichst klein zu halten. DasrnAusmaß der Simulationen die benötigt werden um sinnvolle Ergebnisse zu pro-rnduzieren, erfordert die Entwicklung eines skalierbaren Simulationsprogrammsrnfür das Ising-Modell, welcher auf verschiedenen parallelen Architekturen (z.B.rnGrafikkarten) verwendet werden kann. Plattformunabhängigkeit wird durch ab-rnstrakte Schnittstellen erreicht, welche plattformspezifische Implementierungs-rndetails verstecken. Wir benutzen eine Systemgeometrie die es erlaubt eine Ober-rnfläche mit einem variablen Winkel zur Kristallebene zu untersuchen. Die Ober-rnfläche ist in Kontakt mit einer harten Wand, wobei der Kontaktwinkel Θ durchrnein Oberflächenfeld eingestellt werden kann. Wir leiten eine Differenzialglei-rnchung ab, welche das Verhalten der freien Energie der Oberfläche in einemrnanisotropen System beschreibt. Kombiniert mit thermodynamischer Integrationrnkann die Gleichung benutzt werden, um die anisotrope Oberflächenspannungrnüber einen großen Winkelbereich zu integrieren. Vergleiche mit früheren Mes-rnsungen in anderen Geometrien und anderen Methoden zeigen hohe Überein-rnstimung und Genauigkeit, welche vor allem durch die im Vergleich zu früherenrnMessungen wesentlich größeren Simulationsdomänen erreicht wird. Die Temper-rnaturabhängigkeit der Oberflächensteifheit κ wird oberhalb von T R durch diernKrümmung der freien Energie der Oberfläche für kleine Winkel gemessen. DiesernMessung lässt sich mit Simulationsergebnissen in der Literatur vergleichen undrnhat bessere Übereinstimmung mit theoretischen Voraussagen über das Skalen-rnverhalten von κ. Darüber hinaus entwickeln wir ein Tieftemperatur-Modell fürrndas Verhalten um Θ = 90 Grad weit unterhalb von T R. Der Winkel bleibt bis zu einemrnkritischen Feld H C quasi null; oberhalb des kritischen Feldes steigt der Winkelrnrapide an. H C wird mit der freien Energie einer Stufe in Verbindung gebracht,rnwas es ermöglicht, das kritische Verhalten dieser Größe zu analysieren. Die harternWand muss in die Analyse einbezogen werden. Durch den Vergleich freier En-rnergien bei geschickt gewählten Systemgrößen ist es möglich, den Beitrag derrnKontaktlinie zur freien Energie in Abhängigkeit von Θ zu messen. Diese Anal-rnyse wird bei verschiedenen Temperaturen durchgeführt. Im letzten Kapitel wirdrneine 2D Fluiddynamik Simulation für Grafikkarten parallelisiert, welche u. a.rnbenutzt werden kann um die Dynamik der Atmosphäre zu simulieren. Wir im-rnplementieren einen parallelen Evolution Galerkin Operator und erreichen

Synthesis of the Sugar Building Block of Bicyclo-RNA

We present the novel synthesis of two sugar units that are central intermediates for the formation of members of the bicyclo-DNA and -RNA family. The synthesis starts from commercially available 1,2: 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose. The key step involves the elaboration of a carbocyclic ring in a furanoside by rhodium(I)-catalyzed hydroacylation. Via this pathway, one of the sugar units is available in 8 steps and in an overall yield of 27%, while its deoxy derivative is obtained in 11 steps, which is 5 steps fewer than in our previous synthesis of this compound.

Cross Ventilation CFD Modeling: Characterization and Study of Different Façade Openings Configurations at the Refurbishment of a Residential Building in Málaga (Spain)

The opening of new windows on the façade is proposed as a refurbishment strategy in an existing building in Málaga to facilitate cross ventilation of dwellings. The building is a residential block of 140 public housing units for rent for people with low income in Málaga (Spain), property of the City Council. By modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), eleven configurations of openings are studied in two different areas of the main housing type of the building. The quantity of introduced/extracted air into/from the room and the generated airflow patterns are obtained. The modeling allows comparing the different openings configurations to determine the most appropriate ventilation option for every room.

Proceso metodológico para optimizar la toma de decisiones en el proyecto de envolventes arquitectónicas multicapa = Methodological process for the optimization of the decision making in multilayer building envelope projects

La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca dentro del concepto de la sistematización del conocimiento en arquitectura, más concretamente en el campo de las construcciones arquitectónicas y la toma de decisiones en la fase de proyecto de envolventes arquitectónicas multicapa. Por tanto, el objetivo principal es el establecimiento de las bases para una toma de decisiones informadas durante el proyecto de una envolvente multicapa con el fin de colaborar en su optimización. Del mismo modo que la historia de la arquitectura está relacionada con la historia de la innovación en construcción, la construcción está sujeta a cambios como respuesta a los fracasos anteriores. En base a esto, se identifica la toma de decisiones en la fase de proyecto como el estadio inicial para establecer un punto estratégico de reflexión y de control sobre los procesos constructivos. La presente investigación, conceptualmente, define los parámetros intervinientes en el proyecto de envolventes arquitectónicas multicapa a partir de una clasificación y sistematización de todos los componentes (elementos, unidades y sistemas constructivos) utilizados en las fachadas multicapa. Dicha sistematización se materializa en una hoja matriz de datos en la que, dentro de una organización a modo de árbol, se puede acceder a la consulta de cada componente y de su caracterización. Dicha matriz permite la incorporación futura de cualquier componente o sistema nuevo que aparezca en el mercado, relacionándolo con aquellos con los que comparta ubicación, tipo de material, etc. Con base en esa matriz de datos, se diseña la sistematización de la toma de decisiones en la fase de proyecto de una envolvente arquitectónica, en concreto, en el caso de una fachada. Operativamente, el resultado se presenta como una herramienta que permite al arquitecto o proyectista reflexionar y seleccionar el sistema constructivo más adecuado, al enfrentarse con las distintas decisiones o elecciones posibles. La herramienta se basa en las elecciones iniciales tomadas por el proyectista y se estructura, a continuación y sucesivamente, en distintas aproximaciones, criterios, subcriterios y posibilidades que responden a los distintos avances en la definición del sistema constructivo. Se proponen una serie de fichas operativas de comprobación que informan sobre el estadio de decisión y de definición de proyecto alcanzados en cada caso. Asimismo, el sistema permite la conexión con otros sistemas de revisión de proyectos para fomentar la reflexión sobre la normalización de los riesgos asociados tanto al proprio sistema como a su proceso constructivo y comportamiento futuros. La herramienta proporciona un sistema de ayuda para ser utilizado en el proceso de toma de decisiones en la fase de diseño de una fachada multicapa, minimizando la arbitrariedad y ofreciendo una cualificación previa a la cuantificación que supondrá la elaboración del detalle constructivo y de su medición en las sucesivas fases del proyecto. Al mismo tiempo, la sistematización de dicha toma de decisiones en la fase del proyecto puede constituirse como un sistema de comprobación en las diferentes fases del proceso de decisión proyectual y de definición de la envolvente de un edificio. ABSTRACT The central issue of this doctoral Thesis is founded on the framework of the concept of the systematization of knowledge in architecture, in particular, in respect of the field of building construction and the decision making in the design stage of multilayer building envelope projects. Therefore, the main objective is to establish the bases for knowledgeable decision making during a multilayer building envelope design process, in order to collaborate with its optimization. Just as the history of architecture is connected to the history of innovation in construction, construction itself is subject to changes as a response to previous failures. On this basis, the decisions made during the project design phase are identified as the initial state to establish an strategic point for reflection and control, referred to the constructive processes. Conceptually, this research defines the parameters involving the multilayer building envelope projects, on the basis of a classification and systematization for all the components (elements, constructive units and constructive systems) used in multilayer façades. The mentioned systematization is materialized into a data matrix sheet in which, following a tree‐like organization, the access to every single component and its characterization is possible. The above data matrix allows the future inclusion of any new component or system that may appear in the construction market. That new component or system can be put into a relationship with another, which it shares location, type of material,… with. Based on the data matrix, the systematization of the decision making process for a building envelope design stage is designed, more particularly in the case of a façade. Putting this into practice, it is represented as a tool which allows the architect or the designer, to reflect and to select the appropriate building system when facing the different elections or the different options. The tool is based on the initial elections taken by the designer. Then and successively, it is shaped on the form of different operative steps, criteria, sub‐criteria and possibilities which respond to a different progress in the definition of the building construction system. In order to inform about the stage of the decision and the definition reached by the project in every particular case, a range of operative sheets are proposed. Additionally, the system allows the connection with other reviewing methods for building projects. The aim of this last possibility is to encourage the reflection on standardization of the associated risks to the building system itself and its future performance. The tool provides a helping system to be used during the decision making process for a multilayer façade design. It minimizes the arbitrariness and offers a qualification previous to the quantification that will be done with the development of the construction details and their bill of quantities, that in subsequent project stages will be executed. At the same time, the systematization of the mentioned decision making during the design phase, can be found as a checking system in the different stages of the decision making design process and in the different stages of the building envelope definition.

Fire behaviour of lightweight concrete units based on corn cob aggregate

Recent research works have concluded that corn cob may have interesting material properties, in particular, lightness, and thermal and sound insulation abilities. In this research work, corn cob is proposed as an alternative sustainable aggregate for lightweight concrete masonry unit (CMU) manufacturing. The corn cob requires to be granulated previously in order to obtain adequate particle size grade. Subsequently, the particles are wrapped in a cement paste with the purpose of reducing their water abortion and adherent capacities. CMU are current applied in the building of partition walls. The main goal of this research work consists on studying the fire behaviour of partition walls built with CMU of processed corn cob granulate (CMU-PCC).

Construction reports. Housing authorized by building permits and public contracts.

Mode of access: Internet.

Construction reports, building permits

Title from caption.

M.U. (U of M) World War II Army Units A.S.L.R

Economics building in photo. On verso: 3-col Mich Daily; 37 picas; 70 screen; observe crop lines

Using DEA and simulation in guiding operating units to improved performance

The potential for the use of DEA and simulation in a mutually supporting role in guiding operating units to improved performance is presented. An analysis following a three-stage process is suggested. Stage one involves obtaining the data for the DEA analysis. This can be sourced from historical data, simulated data or a combination of the two. Stage two involves the DEA analysis that identifies benchmark operating units. In the third stage simulation can now be used in order to offer practical guidance to operating units towards improved performance. This can be achieved by the use of sensitivity analysis of the benchmark unit using a simulation model to offer direct support as to the feasibility and efficiency of any variations in operating practices to be tested. Alternatively, the simulation can be used as a mechanism to transmit the practices of the benchmark unit to weaker performing units by building a simulation model of the weaker unit to the process design of the benchmark unit. The model can then compare performance of the current and benchmark process designs. Quantifying improvement in this way provides a useful driver to any process change initiative that is required to bring the performance of weaker units up to the best in class. © 2005 Operational Research Society Ltd. All rights reserved.

A thermally wavelength-tunable photonic switch based on silicon microring resonator

Silicon photonics is a very promising technology for future low-cost high-bandwidth optical telecommunication applications down to the chip level. This is due to the high degree of integration, high optical bandwidth and large speed coupled with the development of a wide range of integrated optical functions. Silicon-based microring resonators are a key building block that can be used to realize many optical functions such as switching, multiplexing, demultiplaxing and detection of optical wave. The ability to tune the resonances of the microring resonators is highly desirable in many of their applications. In this work, the study and application of a thermally wavelength-tunable photonic switch based on silicon microring resonator is presented. Devices with 10μm diameter were systematically studied and used in the design. Its resonance wavelength was tuned by thermally induced refractive index change using a designed local micro-heater. While thermo-optic tuning has moderate speed compared with electro-optic and all-optic tuning, with silicon’s high thermo-optic coefficient, a much wider wavelength tunable range can be realized. The device design was verified and optimized by optical and thermal simulations. The fabrication and characterization of the device was also implemented. The microring resonator has a measured FSR of ∼18 nm, FWHM in the range 0.1-0.2 nm and Q around 10,000. A wide tunable range (>6.4 nm) was achieved with the switch, which enables dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) with a channel space of 0.2nm. The time response of the switch was tested on the order of 10 μs with a low power consumption of ∼11.9mW/nm. The measured results are in agreement with the simulations. Important applications using the tunable photonic switch were demonstrated in this work. 1×4 and 4×4 reconfigurable photonic switch were implemented by using multiple switches with a common bus waveguide. The results suggest the feasibility of on-chip DWDM for the development of large-scale integrated photonics. Using the tunable switch for output wavelength control, a fiber laser was demonstrated with Erbium-doped fiber amplifier as the gain media. For the first time, this approach integrated on-chip silicon photonic wavelength control.