Resistência intrínseca de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) e extrínseca ao parasitóide Cotesia flavipes (Cameron, 1891) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effects of different intensities of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and protein kinase B/Akt activity in skeletal muscle of obese mice

Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do exercício físico agudo com diferentes intensidades sobre a sensibilidade à insulina e a atividade da proteína quinase B/Akt no músculo esquelético de camundongos obesos. Método: Foram utilizados camundongos Swiss, divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, que receberam dieta padrão (grupo controle) ou dieta hiperlipídica (grupos obeso sedentário e grupos obesos exercitados 1 e 2), por período de 12 semanas. Dois diferentes protocolos de exercício foram utilizados: natação durante 1 hora com ou sem sobrecarga de 5% da massa corporal. O teste de tolerância à insulina foi realizado para estimar a sensibilidade à insulina. E os níveis protéicos da proteína quinase B/Akt e de sua fosforilação foram determinados no músculo esquelético dos camundongos, através da técnica de Western blot. Resultado: Uma sessão de exercício físico foi capaz de inibir a resistência à insulina em decorrência de uma dieta hiperlipídica. Foi possível demonstrar um aumento na fosforilação da proteína quinase B/Akt, melhora da sinalização da insulina e redução da glicemia de jejum nos camundongos que realizaram 1 hora de natação sem sobrecarga adicional e nos camundongos que realizaram 1 hora de natação com sobrecarga adicional de 5% de sua massa corporal. Entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos que realizaram o exercício em diferentes intensidades. Conclusão: Independente da intensidade, o exercício físico aeróbio conseguiu aumentar a sensibilidade à insulina e a fosforilação da proteína quinase B/Akt, revelando ser uma boa forma de tratamento e prevenção do diabetes tipo 2.

Efeito protetor do suco de laranja vermelha e dieta hiperlipídica nos parâmetros fisiológicos e marcadores bioquímicos em ratos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Divergência genética de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar quanto à resistência a Diatraea saccharalis

The objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity of cultivars in sugar cane for resistance to D. saccharalis. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory in completely randomized design with 11 treatments (one control and 10 treatments) in ten replications. The replications were made from artificial diets (food and refood) made with dry steam crushed from sugar cane cultivars stems, except for one of them considered standard diet. The cultivars used were: RB867515, RB855453, RB855536, CTC 15, CTC 9, SP80-1842, SP79-1011, SP89-1115, SP81-3250 and SP87-365. In the evaluation biological characteristics of the insect considered were: larval development (days), larval viability (%), pupal development (days), pupal weight (g), pupal viability (%), period of hatched larvae to adults emergence (days), total viability (%) and adults longevity without food (days). The generalized Mahalanobis distance (D-2) for the cluster analysis by the method of average linkage between groups (UPGMA) and Tocher's method optimization was determined. Four and five groups were formed, respectively, by the method of average linkage between groups (UPGMA) and Tocher's method optimization. We concluded that the cultivar CTC 15 standed out as highly susceptible to D. saccharalis, while the cultivar SP87-365 behaved as moderately resistant by antibiosis to D. saccharalis.

Long-term obesity promotes alterations in diastolic function induced by reduction of phospholamban phosphorylation at serine-16 without affecting calcium handling

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Atividade hipolidêmica e protetora da bixina no fígado de ratos tratados com dieta hipercalórica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cardiac dysfunction induced by obesity es not related to beta-adrenergic system impairment at the receptor-signalling pathway

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da suplementação de tomate e licopeno na remodelação cardíaca após infarto agudo do miocárdio

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito do treinamento aquático no perfil lipídico e na hipertrofia ventricular esquerda de camundongos hiperlipidêmicos

This study assessed the effects of Water training on the lipid profile and left ventricular structures in hyperlipidemic mice. Twenty-eight male LDLr-/- mice were randomly separated into 4 groups: sedentary, fed a standard diet (C); exercising, fed a standard diet (C+TRE); sedentary, fed a hyperlipidic diet (C+HL); and exercising, fed a hyperlipidic diet (E+HL). The exercising mice trained daily for 60 minutes during 60 days. After 48 hours of the end of the training period and 12 hours of rest fasting the animals were underwent euthanasia and the blood was collected for measuring the plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions (LDL, HDL, VLDL). The heart was removed and the left ventricle was weighed fresh to calculate the ratio left-ventricle weight (mg)/body weight (g). The results showed that the training was more effective in improving lipid plasma levels when combined with a balanced diet, thereby confirming that it is essential to associate physical exercise and diet. The training protocol resulted in eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy in the standard-diet group and decreased interstitial collagen deposition in the myocardium of the high-fat-diet animals, which may indicate an improved diastolic function with consequent improvement in the systolic function. It was concluded that regular moderate aerobic exercise induce beneficial and prophylactic adaptations to heart which promoted a better health condition and prevention to diseases.

Efeitos da administração de eritropoietina na dislipidemia e na hipertrofia ventricular esquerda de camundongos hiperlipidêmicos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Influência da via mTOR no processo de remodelação cardíaca induzida pelo ácido retinóico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre o processo inflamatório e apoptótico em neurônios hipotalâmicos de controle da fome em camundongos obesos induzidos por dieta hiperlipídica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da via mTOR no processo de remodelação cardíaca induzida pelo ácido retinóico

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre o processo inflamatório e apoptótico em neurônios hipotalâmicos de controle da fome em camundongos obesos induzidos por dieta hiperlipídica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on the blood lipid profile and liver function in hypercholesterolemic hamsters

It is well established that atherogenic dyslipidemia, characterized by high levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, constitutes important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Regular exercise has been associated with a reduced risk for metabolic diseases. However, studies supporting the concept that resistance exercise is a modifier of blood lipid parameters are often contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on the serum levels of TG, TC, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol, glucose, and the liver function enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT, EC 2.6.1.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1) in golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus (Waterhouse, 1839)) fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Sedentary groups (S) and exercise groups (E) were fed a standard diet (SS and ES) or a cholesterol-enriched diet (standard plus 1% cholesterol, SC and EC). Resistance exercise was performed by jumps in the water, carrying a load strapped to the chest, representing 10 maximum repetitions (10 RM, 30 s rest, five days per week for five weeks). Mean blood sample comparisons were made by ANOVA + Tukey or ANOVA + Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05) to compare parametric and nonparametric samples, respectively. There were no differences in blood lipids between the standard diet groups (SS and ES) (p > 0.05). However, the EC group increased the glucose, non-HDL, and TC levels in comparison with the ES group. Moreover, the EC group increased the TG levels versus the SC group (p < 0.05). In addition, the ALT levels were increased only by diet treatment. These findings indicated that high-intensity resistance exercise contributed to dyslipidemia in hamsters fed a hypercholesterolemic diet, whereas liver function enzymes did not differ in regards to the exercise protocol.