Apoiando a construção de testes de aceitação automatizados a partir da especificação de requisitos

Automation has become increasingly necessary during the software test process due to the high cost and time associated with such activity. Some tools have been proposed to automate the execution of Acceptance Tests in Web applications. However, many of them have important limitations such as the strong dependence on the structure of the HTML pages and the need of manual valuing of the test cases. In this work, we present a language for specifying acceptance test scenarios for Web applications called IFL4TCG and a tool that allows the generation of test cases from these scenarios. The proposed language supports the criterion of Equivalence Classes Partition and the tool allows the generation of test cases that meet different combination strategies (i.e., Each-Choice, Base-Choice and All Combinations). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, we used the language and the associated tool for designing and executing Acceptance Tests on a module of Sistema Unificado de Administração Pública (SUAP) of Instituto Federal Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). Four Systems Analysts and one Computer Technician, which work as developers of the that system, participated in the evaluation. Preliminary results showed that IFL4TCG can actually help to detect defects in Web applications

Reqsys-MDD: uma ferramenta para mapeamento entre modelos de features e requisitos em linhas de produto de software

The approach Software Product Line (SPL) has become very promising these days, since it allows the production of customized systems on large scale through product families. For the modeling of these families the Features Model is being widely used, however, it is a model that has low level of detail and not may be sufficient to guide the development team of LPS. Thus, it is recommended add the Features Model to other models representing the system from other perspectives. The goals model PL-AOVgraph can assume this role complementary to the Features Model, since it has a to context oriented language of LPS's, which allows the requirements modeling in detail and identification of crosscutting concerns that may arise as result of variability. In order to insert PL-AOVgraph in development of LPS's, this paper proposes a bi-directional mapping between PL-AOVgraph and Features Model, which will be automated by tool ReqSys-MDD. This tool uses the approach of Model-Driven Development (MDD), which allows the construction of systems from high level models through successive transformations. This enables the integration of ReqSys-MDD with other tools MDD that use their output models as input to other transformations. So it is possible keep consistency among the models involved, avoiding loss of informations on transitions between stages of development

Uso de modelos i* para enriquecer requisitos em métodos ágeis

The activity of requirements engineering is seen in agile methods as bureaucratic activity making the process less agile. However, the lack of documentation in agile development environment is identified as one of the main challenges of the methodology. Thus, it is observed that there is a contradiction between what agile methodology claims and the result, which occurs in the real environment. For example, in agile methods the user stories are widely used to describe requirements. However, this way of describing requirements is still not enough, because the user stories is an artifact too narrow to represent and detail the requirements. The activities of verifying issues like software context and dependencies between stories are also limited with the use of only this artifact. In the context of requirements engineering there are goal oriented approaches that bring benefits to the requirements documentation, including, completeness of requirements, analysis of alternatives and support to the rationalization of requirements. Among these approaches, it excels the i * modeling technique that provides a graphical view of the actors involved in the system and their dependencies. This work is in the context of proposing an additional resource that aims to reduce this lack of existing documentation in agile methods. Therefore, the objective of this work is to provide a graphical view of the software requirements and their relationships through i * models, thus enriching the requirements in agile methods. In order to do so, we propose a set of heuristics to perform the mapping of the requirements presented as user stories in i * models. These models can be used as a form of documentation in agile environment, because by mapping to i * models, the requirements will be viewed more broadly and with their proper relationships according to the business environment that they will meet

GT4CCI: uma abordagem baseada em grounded theory para a identificação de interesses transversais em documentos de requisitos

When crosscutting concerns identification is performed from the beginning of development, on the activities involved in requirements engineering, there are many gains in terms of quality, cost and efficiency throughout the lifecycle of software development. This early identification supports the evolution of requirements, detects possible flaws in the requirements specification, improves traceability among requirements, provides better software modularity and prevents possible rework. However, despite these several advantages, the crosscutting concerns identification over requirements engineering faces several difficulties such as the lack of systematization and tools that support it. Furthermore, it is difficult to justify why some concerns are identified as crosscutting or not, since this identification is, most often, made without any methodology that systematizes and bases it. In this context, this paper proposes an approach based on Grounded Theory, called GT4CCI, for systematizing and basing the process of identifying crosscutting concerns in the initial stages of the software development process in the requirements document. Grounded Theory is a renowned methodology for qualitative analysis of data. Through the use of GT4CCI it is possible to better understand, track and document concerns, adding gains in terms of quality, reliability and modularity of the entire lifecycle of software

STREAM-AP: um processo para sistematizar a escolha de padrões arquiteturais baseado em requisitos não-funcionais

The importance of non-functional requirements for computer systems is increasing. Satisfying these requirements requires special attention to the software architecture, since an unsuitable architecture introduces greater complexity in addition to the intrinsic complexity of the system. Some studies have shown that, despite requirements engineering and software architecture activities act on different aspects of development, they must be performed iteratively and intertwined to produce satisfactory software systems. The STREAM process presents a systematic approach to reduce the gap between requirements and architecture development, emphasizing the functional requirements, but using the non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. However, non-functional requirements typically influence the system as a whole. Thus, the STREAM uses Architectural Patterns to refine the software architecture. These patterns are chosen by using non-functional requirements in an ad hoc way. This master thesis presents a process to improve STREAM in making the choice of architectural patterns systematic by using non-functional requirements, in order to guide the refinement of a software architecture

Identificando interesses transversais em modelos de requisitos PL-AOVgraph

The occurrence of problems related to the scattering and tangling phenomenon, such as the difficulty to do system maintenance, increasingly frequent. One way to solve this problem is related to the crosscutting concerns identification. To maximize its benefits, the identification must be performed from early stages of development process, but some works have reported that this has not been done in most of cases, making the system development susceptible to the errors incidence and prone to the refactoring later. This situation affects directly to the quality and cost of the system. PL-AOVgraph is a goal-oriented requirements modeling language which offers support to the relationships representation among requirements and provides separation of crosscutting concerns by crosscutting relationships representation. Therefore, this work presents a semi-automatic method to crosscutting concern identification in requirements specifications written in PL-AOVgraph. An adjacency matrix is used to identify the contributions relationships among the elements. The crosscutting concern identification is based in fan-out analysis of contribution relationships from the informations of adjacency matrix. When identified, the crosscutting relationships are created. And also, this method is implemented as a new module of ReqSys-MDD tool

Um método semi-automatizado para elicitação de requisitos de acessibilidade Web

In the context of Software Engineering, web accessibility is gaining more room, establishing itself as an important quality attribute. This fact is due to initiatives of institutions such as the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) and the introduction of norms and laws such as Section 508 that underlie the importance of developing accessible Web sites and applications. Despite these improvements, the lack of web accessibility is still a persistent problem, and could be related to the moment or phase in which this requirement is solved within the development process. From the moment when Web accessibility is generally regarded as a programming problem or treated when the application is already developed entirely. Thus, consider accessibility already during activities of analysis and requirements specification shows itself a strategy to facilitate project progress, avoiding rework in advanced phases of software development because of possible errors, or omissions in the elicitation. The objective of this research is to develop a method and a tool to support requirements elicitation of web accessibility. The strategy for the requirements elicitation of this method is grounded by the Goal-Oriented approach NFR Framework and the use of catalogs NFRs, created based on the guidelines contained in WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guideline) proposed by W3C

Leite cru de quatro regiões leiteiras brasileiras: perspectivas de atendimento dos requisitos microbiológicos estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa 51

Evidências que o leite produzido e consumido no Brasil nem sempre apresenta a qualidade desejada têm gerado a discussão e desenvolvimento de novas políticas de incentivo à produção leiteira, resultando no desenvolvimento do Programa Nacional de Melhoria da Qualidade do Leite. em complementação, em 2002 o Ministério da Agricultura publicou a Instrução Normativa 51 (IN51), com importantes inovações em relação à conservação e transporte do leite cru, além de estabelecimento de um padrão de qualidade para esse tipo de leite (10(6) UFC/mL), a ser implantado em diferentes prazos nas diferentes regiões do país, a partir de 2005. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o leite cru produzido em quatro áreas de quatro estados produtores de leite no Brasil estaria, nesse momento, em condições de cumprir o estabelecido na IN 51, especialmente quanto ao atendimento dos padrões microbiológicos previstos. Amostras de leite cru, coletadas em 210 diferentes propriedades nas regiões de Viçosa, MG (47), Pelotas, RS (50), Londrina, PR (63) e Botucatu, SP (50), foram analisadas quanto aos níveis de contaminação por aeróbios mesófilos, utilizando o PetrifilmTM AC. Parcela significativa das amostras (48,6%) apresentaram contagens acima do determinado pela IN51, sendo 21,3% na região de Viçosa (MG), 56,0% na região de Pelotas (RS), 47,6% na região de Londrina (PR) e 68,0% na região de Botucatu (SP). Considerando as diferenças de cada região, foi possível observar a importância da refrigeração na conservação e transporte da produção, bem como da implantação de boas práticas e assistência técnica nas propriedades. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a adequação às normas estabelecidas pela IN51 pode ser mais difícil em algumas regiões do que em outras, sendo fundamental a adoção da refrigeração na conservação e no transporte da produção, e de programas regionais de assistência a produtores leiteiros.

Definição de requisitos de software baseada numa arquitetura de modelagem de negócios

Não é uma tarefa fácil definir requisitos para os sistemas de software que darão suporte a um negócio, dada a dinâmica de mudanças nos processos. O levantamento de requisitos tem sido feito de forma empírica, sem o apoio de métodos sistematizados que garantam o desenvolvimento baseado nos reais objetivos do negócio. A engenharia de software carece de métodos que tornem mais ordenadas e metódicas as etapas de modelagem de negócios e de levantamento de requisitos de um sistema. Neste artigo é apresentada uma metodologia de desenvolvimento de software resultante da incorporação de atividades propostas para modelagem de negócios e levantamento de requisitos, baseadas em uma arquitetura de modelagem de negócios. Essas atividades tornam o desenvolvimento de software mais sistemático e alinhado aos objetivos da organização, e podem ser incorporadas em qualquer metodologia de desenvolvimento baseada no UP (Unified Process - Processo Unificado).

Infraestructura y requisitos básicos de los sistemas de salud electrónica

Incluye bibliografía

Estándares e interoperabilidad en salud electrónica: Requisitos para una gestión sanitaria efectiva y eficiente

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Para otro desarrollo": requisitos y proposiciones"

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Restricciones al desarrollo sostenido en América Latina y el Caribe y requisitos para su superación = Restrictions on sustained development in Latin America and the Caribbean and the requisites for overcoming them = Contraintes faisant obstacle au développement soutenu de l'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes et conditions requises pour y faire face

Incluye Bibliografía

Restricciones al desarrollo sostenido de América Latina y el Caribe y requisitos para su superación: síntesis = Restrictions on sustained development in Latin America and the Caribbean and the requisites for overcoming them: summary

Incluye Bibliografía